Characteristics and Trends of Chinese Scholars’ Publication in High-Level Management Journals

High level academic journals tend to have strict review procedures and processes. The high level journal papers were also more likely to get a reference. It also makes the priority in the academic competition process. Scholars are more willing to put their own research first appears in the high level of academic journals. So what is the current situation of Chinese scholars publishing high-level journals? What are the characteristics and trends? Taking the field of management as an example, the paper first collects the papers published by Chinese scholars in the list of top journals in the field of management recognized by the international community, and conducts descriptive statistical analysis, including the basic situation of publication, the characteristics of authors and the analysis of international coauthors. Four main conclusions are obtained, which are of certain reference value to summarize the characteristics of high-level journals and objectively judge the development of management research level in China.

higher visibility and recognition, increase page views, and thus help improve citations [5].
With the continuous growth of China's comprehensive national strength and scientific and technological strength, the number of papers published by Chinese scholars in journals with international influence has ranked the second in the world in recent 10 years; the number of highly cited papers ranked the third in the world, and the total number of papers produced ranked the second in the world [4] [6]. So what are the publishing characteristics of Chinese scholars in high-level management journals? What are the trends?
In the past, there has been little research on the publishing characteristics of high-level journals, especially in the current academic atmosphere, which attaches great importance to high-level journal papers. Generally, the research on high-level journals tends to focus on the improvement of the level of journals [7] [8], such as English discipline journal, biology discipline journal and so on etc., instead of analyzing and statistics the current publication situation of This paper analyzes the trend of the publication of high-level journals; take management as an example, which is conducive to building a more fair platform for the steady development of scientific research in the future. It is our future direction to encourage more efficient output of high-level results and improve the efficiency of China's scientific research input through statistics of publication [9]. Therefore, the results of this paper can deeply explore the academic potential of scholars and promote their own development, which to some extent promotes the efficiency of China's scientific research investment and scientific research development.

Sample Selection
Management is introduced from the west and developed in recent years a subject area. Compared with institute of science, the publishing cycle is shorter, paper availability is stronger. In the field of management, there is a list of top journals in the world recognized by the academic community. It is by the journal of the American News and world report's directory, which is the US News rankings, define the 24 kinds of periodical summary as UT/DALLAS economic manage- As the research object of this paper is high level journal papers, the 24 important international academic journals in UT/DALLAS top journals directory are recognized as high level journals in this field, so this paper USES them as the source of literature retrieval. The data in this paper come from multiple channels, including Web of science database and scholar's personal homepage. Web of Science database (WoS) is selected as the literature data source. It is a web-based product developed by TOMSON technology information group in the United States [10]. It is a large-scale, comprehensive, multi-disciplinary and core journal citation index database. WoS is considered to be the most comprehensive database, representing mainstream national and international research, covering the most important and influential research results of the world, with a strong representation.
The search strategy selects the advanced search function of Web of Science, which is designed for joint search based on "SO (publication name)" and "AD (address)". For example, "SO = Academy of Management Journal and AD = China", the retrieval period is all years, the literature type is selected as "article", and the language is "English", the economic Management literature containing Chinese addresses (including mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao And Taiwan) is retrieved and downloaded.
Our initial plan was to measure the publication situation from 1978 to 2018 after China's reform and opening up. A total of 1797 papers were retrieved. According to the search results, the information of bibliography was collected. This chapter adopts the bibliometrics method to select the 1797 papers retrieved as the research objects, and mainly carries out descriptive statistical analysis from three aspects: first, the basic situation of the samples, second, the characteristics analysis of the authors, and third, the analysis of international coauthors. Table 1 shows the distribution of the retrieved 1797 academic papers in UT/DALLAS top journals directory, as shown in Figure

Subject Classification Analysis
The choice of Chinese scholars to publish periodicals has obvious centrality.
Because management involves every field of science, is a broad, all kinds of discipline system, the paper according to the classification of the national natural science foundation in our country, the UT/DALLAS top journals directory classify, divided into management science and engineering, business management, economy three disciplines of science [11], statistics of interdisciplinary scholars in our country in the UT/DALLAS top journals published in the list.
As shown in Figure

Author Quantity Analysis
The number of authors of a paper can reflect the cooperation in publication [12].
This data is obtained by counting the number of signed authors from the first author of each sample, which is summarized in Figure 3.
UT/DALLAS top journal paper divided by the number of author will be pub-   number of co-authors increases, more communication costs are required in the cooperation process.

Author Geographical Analysis
As shown in Figure

Time Series Publication Analysis
The volume of chronological literature is an indicator that can reflect the actual output of the field of concern and the trend of change and development. Figure   5 shows   Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions and foreign countries also reached a peak.

Employer Analysis of Mainland Chinese Authors
The number of papers published in mainland China, either independently, in cooperation with Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, or in cooperation with foreign scholars, was 743. In mainland China, we divide it into three types: "project 985" universities, "project 211" universities, and other universities and institutions [15]. It is generally considered that the universities selected into "project 985" and "project 211" belong to research-oriented universities.
As shown in Figure 6, the largest number of "985 project" universities,

Analysis of Characteristics of International Co-Authorship in
Mainland China According to Figure 5, there are many authors who have completed the paper writing in the form of international co-authorship. Therefore, the author who has conducted international co-authorship is analyzed in the following part.
In 1993, Chinese scholars cooperated with the United States to publish an article titled "Numerical-Solution of Continuous State Dynamic Programs Using Linear and Spline Interpolation", which was published on Operations Research. It was the first paper co-published by domestic and foreign scholars on UT/DALLAS top journals catalogue.
Over the years, international cooperation in management and other fields has developed rapidly, and many excellent international co-authored papers have been published. According to the classification standard proposed by researcher Maria Bordons [16], international co-authored papers are defined as the presence of at least one foreign address in the author's address. According to the definition of co-author, all samples were divided into independent publication and international co-author groups.  Figure 7, compared with the independent publication group, the number of papers published by the international co-authored group in the field of management in China increased more significantly in the same period. The number of papers published by the international co-authored group in 2005 was 2, but in 2018 it reached 65, with an average annual growth rate of 225%. The number of international co-authored papers in each year accounted for a relatively stable proportion in the number of papers published in UT/DALLAS top journals directory that year, basically maintaining between 70.0% and 80.0%. The above data show that the communication and cooperation between researchers in different countries will not only promote scholars to continue in-depth research, but also help scholars to produce more innovative research results.    Generally speaking, the cooperation between mainland China and North American countries is relatively close, accounting for more than 80%. North America and the European Union are still the core of scientific research in the field of management.  To understand the cooperation between China and the major knowledge producing countries and regions in the world, we used the number of countries to evaluate the degree of international co-authorship. At the same time, it can objectively reflect the importance of international scientific and technological cooperation in this field [18]. According to statistics, as shown in Figure 10, in the sample, the co-authorship situation is dominated by bilateral co-authored papers. Among the effective published samples, 981 academic papers were completed jointly by scholars from two countries, accounting for over 60% of all the samples. There were 301 academic papers written by the same country and 20 by four or more countries. This indicates that the publication of academic papers by Chinese scholars in UT/DALLAS top journals directory is mainly the cooperation between two countries, and then three countries when there are more than three countries, the number of papers produced in UT/DALLAS top journals directory is less and the efficiency is lower.

Conclusions and Discussion
Based on the above analysis of top UT/DALLAS journals published by Chinese scholars, the characteristics are summarized as follows: 1) In the UT/DALLAS top journals catalogue, Chinese scholars published papers in six journals, accounting for more than 60% of the total publications. This shows that the publication of UT/DALLAS top journals directory by Chinese management scholars is a pattern of wide distribution and obvious concentration.
2) From the perspective of disciplines, the discipline with the most published articles is business administration. In addition to the high research level of  business administration, it is also related to the largest number of journals of business administration. The total number of articles published of economic sciences subject is relatively low, which indicates that the development of economic sciences in China is still insufficient. In this respect, Chinese scholars still need to make more efforts to fill this gap.
3) From the perspective of author characteristics, when the number of authors of a paper is two or three, the cooperative effect is better. When the number of authors exceeds six, the number of high-caliber papers produced drops sharply.