Dispersive Traveling Wave Solution for Non-Linear Waves Dynamical Models

In waves dynamics, Generalized Kortewegde Vries (gKdV) equation and Sa-wada-Kotera equation (Ske) have been used to study nonlinear acoustic waves, an inharmonic lattice and Alfven waves in a collisionless plasma, and a lot of more important physical phenomena. In this paper, the simple equation method (SEM) is used to obtain new traveling wave solutions of gKdv and Ske. The physical properties of the obtained solutions are graphically illu-strated using suitable parameters. The computational simplicity of the proposed method shows the robustness and efficiency of SEM.


Introduction
The application of nonlinear partial differential equations is not limited to areas of mathematics exclusively but also applicable in other science aspects like physics and engineering. In the study of waves dynamics, Korteweg-deVries equation (gKdv) and Sawada-Kotera equation (Ske) are applied in nonlinear evolution equation of long waves of small or moderate amplitude in shallow water of uniform depth, nonlinear acoustic waves in an inharmonic lattice, Alfven waves in a collisionless plasma, and a lot of more important physical phenomena. In recent years, study of these two equations has been done to obtain the exact solution using different methods. Methods of obtaining analytical or exact solution to the gKdv and Ske nonlinear partial differential equations used by other researchers include the sine-cosine method [1], an auto-Blackland transformation [2], Hirota direct method [3], the projective Riccati equation method [4], the He's varia-tional method [5], the Hirota bilinear method [6], the symbolic computation method [7] [8], the Odd Hamiltonian structure [9], the extended tanh method [10], (G'/G)-expansion method [11], the sub-ODE method [12], the extended mapping method [13], the tanh-coth method [14], etc. The simple equation method for solving nonlinear partial differential equations has gained a lot of attention from researchers due to its simplicity and ability to extract novel traveling wave solutions. The approach has been successfully used by several authors for obtaining the exact solution of nonlinear partial differential equations but to the best of our knowledge it has not been used to solve the above mentioned equations, that is, gKdv and Ske. The principal aim of this article is to obtain exact traveling wave solutions which include periodic and soliton solution to a particular case of the gKdv and Ske by a variant of the Simple Equation Method (SEM). The paper is organized as follows, in Section 2, we describe the steps of the simple equation method, in Section 3, we obtain the exact solutions for the Generalized Korteweg-deVries equation and Sawada Kotera equations, Section 4 is the graphical representation of the solution, Section 5 is the conclusion.

Method Description Simple Equation Method
This section presents the description and steps of the simple equation method. Considering a (1 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation given by θ is an unknown function which depends on the independent variables x and t, G is a polynomial of ( ) , x t θ = and its partial derivatives in which the highest order of the derivatives and the highest order of the nonlinear terms exist. The steps of the method are as follows:

First
Step: The independent variables x and t are put together into one variable called the wave variable, λ . That is: Equation (2) is the traveling wave equation and ν is the speed of the traveling wave which is to be determined. The traveling wave equation allows us to transform the Equation (1) into an ordinary differential equation (ODE) that is: where H is a polynomial and its derivatives with respect to λ .

Second
Step: Expressing the solution of Equation the Riccati equation is also expressed as where, a, c and σ are constant to be determined. Third Step: Balancing the highest order of both the linear and nonlinear terms in Equation (3) gives the balance number m. Putting Equation (4)

Generalized Korteweg-deVries (gKdV) Equation
Generalized Kortewegde Vries (gKdV) equation is a one dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation introduced by D. Korteweg and G. de Vries in (1895) for mathematical explanation of solitary wave phenomenon discovered by S. Russell in 1855. This nonlinear partial differential equation describes long time evolution of dispersive waves and in particular, the propagation of long waves of small or moderate amplitude, traveling in nearly one direction without dissipation in water of uniform shallow. The gKdV equation admits a special form of the exact solution, the soliton which arises in many physical processes, such as water waves, internal gravity waves in stratified fluid, ion-acoustic waves in a plasma among others.
Taking a traveling wave to be Transforming Equation (7) into ODE using the traveling wave equation in Equation (8), this gives us Balancing according to step three described above, the balancing number m is a positive integer which is obtained by balancing the highest order linear term (i.e., ′′ Θ ) with the highest order of the nonlinear term (i.e. 2 Θ ) in Equation (9), which is 2 2 m m + = , therefore 2 m = . Hence the solution of Equation (9) is given as: Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics ( ) ( ) with P satisfying Equation (5) above in the case of Bernoulli, as a result, the following expressions are obtained Putting Equation (10) and Equation (11) into Equation (9) and equating the coefficient of j P to zero, where 0 j ≥ we have, Computing Equation (12) for the parameters 0 1 2 , , b b b and ν the following two cases is obtained first case: second case: > the solution of Equation (7) for the first case of parameters is given by Again, for the solution of Equation (7) using the second case is given by On the other hand where 0, 0 c a > < the solution for Equation (7) using the first case is given by also when 0, 0 c a > < the solution for Equation (7) using the second case is given by: and P satisfying Equation (6) Putting Equation (22) into Equation (9) and equating the coefficient of j P to zero, where 0 j ≥ we have, For 0 µσ < the solution of Equation (7) for the first case of parameters is given by: again for the solution of Equation (7) using the second case is given by for 0 µσ > the solution of Equation (7) for the first case of parameters is given by ( ) also for the solution of Equation (7) using the second case is given by

Application of the Simple Equation Method to the Sawada-Kotera Equation
This section uses the proposed method to obtain the exact solution of the (1+1)-dimensional Sawada-Kotera equation, is expressed as Putting Equation (33) into Equation (31) and equating the coefficients of ( ) P λ to be equal to zero, with 0 λ ≥ , we have On the other hand when 0, 0 c a > < the solution for Equation (28) using the first case is given by Again, P satisfying Equation (6)

Results and Discussion
This section compares existing literature results and the results obtained. With regards to the Generalized Kortewegde Vries equation, the solutions obtained in Equation (14), Equation (16)

Conclusion
In this research paper, the simple equation method has been used to obtain the exact solution of Generalized Korteweg de Vries (gKdV) and the Sawada Kotera nonlinear partial differential equation. These methods are used as the trial condition, since the simple equation method satisfies the first order Bernoulli differential equation or the first order Riccati differential equation. Using simple equation method, we derived a balance equation, by means of the balanced equations, exact solutions are obtained for the two equations. The exact solution attained from the proposed method implies that the approach is simple to apply and computationally feasible. The two NLPDEs under the study satisfy both the Bernoulli and Riccati differential equations. We then verified that the solutions obtained are the true solution to the original equation.
is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant DMS 11571142. This support is greatly appreciated.