Split Membrane 11D Spacetime = 1D Eleventh Dimension Interval Space + 6D Rishon Space + 3D Higgs Space + 1D Einstein Time: Cosmology

The paper posits that the cyclic universe cosmology involves the split of the membrane 11D (11 dimensional) spacetime into the 1D eleventh dimension orbifold interval space to form gravity, the 6D discrete interior rishon space (TTT-VVV for positron-neutrino or TTV-TVV for u-d ̅ quarks) to form the Standard Model, the 3D Higgs space (attachment space to attach matter or detachment space to detach matter) to form the Higgs or reverse Higgs field, and 1D Einstein time to be shared by all spaces. To establish particle masses, spacetime dimension number decreases with decreasing speed of light, decreasing vacuum energy, and increasing rest mass. The 4D and the 10D have zero and the highest vacuum energies, respectively. The cyclic universe cosmology starts with the zero-energy 4D inter-universal void and the posi-tive-energy membrane and negative-energy antimembrane 11D dual universe which is split into four equal 10D string branes, including the 10D posi-tive-energy weak-gravity brane with matter, negative-energy strong-gravity brane, negative-energy weak-gravity brane with antimatter, and posi-tive-energy strong-gravity brane in the 11D bulk with the 1D eleventh dimension interval space in between the strong and the weak-gravity branes. To form the home universe where we inhabit, the 10D positive-energy weak-gravity brane with attachment space absorbed the zero-energy 4D in-ter-universal void with detachment space, resulting in the combination of rest mass from attachment space ter-antimatter imbalance and the accurately calculated masses for leptons, quarks,


Introduction
String theory proposes to produce a theory of everything that describes all known particles and forces [1]. String theory with the inclusion of the 11th dimension is called M-theory. The extra dimensions of 11D (11 dimensional) M-theory or 10D string theory are the compact manifolds with sizes about the order of the Planck length, 10 −33 cm, such that they remain hidden to the experiment, explaining why we see only four dimensions. The compactification of the extra space dimensions specifies a shape for the extra space dimensions. Different shapes correspond to different possible universes. The number of the shapes is typically estimated to be around 10 500 , which can accommodate almost any phenomena [2].
To avoid the problem of 10 500 universes due to the compactification, an alternative to the compactification is the Randall-Sundrum model for five dimensional spacetime [3]. In the RS1 (Randall-Sundrum model 1) of the Randall-Sundrum model [4] [5], the fifth dimension as the extra space dimension is an orbifold interval space between the Planckbrane (strong-gravity brane) and the Tevbrane (weak-gravity brane) in the warped five dimensional bulk. In this warped spacetime which is only warped along the fifth dimension, the gravity is extremely high at the strong-gravity brane, but it drops exponentially as it moves closer towards the weak-gravity brane. Gravity on the weak-gravity brane is much weaker than on the strong-gravity brane. The weak-gravity brane contains matter as the Standard Model particles, while the strong-gravity brane is dominated by gravity. The Randall-Sundrum model explains the hierarchy problem between the weak-gravity and the strong electromagnetic force and the other fundamental forces. Using the Randall-Sundrum model, this paper posits that the 1D eleventh dimension interval space was the space between the two string branes (the weak-gravity string brane and the strong-gravity string brane) in the warped 11D membrane bulk. The two string 10-branes are the progenitors of the home universe where we inhabit and dark energy. The comparison between the RS1-5D spacetime and the RS1-11D spacetime is as Figure 1.
gauge bosons have the gauge symmetry U(1) X SU(3) X SU(2) L . The Standard Model explains very well the relations among the 17 elementary particles, but the Standard Model cannot explain the masses of 17 elementary particles, the origins of the 17 elementary particles and the gauge symmetry, neutrino oscillation, the apparent matter-antimatter imbalance in the universe, gravity, dark matter, and dark energy.
To explain the origin of leptons and quarks in the Standard Model, preon models propose simple substructure particles in leptons and quarks [6] [7]. One of the preon models is the Rishon Model by Haim Harari [8] and Michael A.
Shupe [9]. The two fundamental substructure particles are rishons consisting of T with 1/3 charge and ½ spin and neutral V with ½ spin. TTT is positron, while VVV is electron neutrino. TTV, TVT and VTT are the three colors of up quark, while TVV, VTV and VVT are the three colors of down quark. Hypercolor is required to confine rishons in leptons and quarks [10]. The Rishon Model provides the origin of the first generation fermions in the Standard Model, but there is no experimental evidence for the existence of rishons as the substructure particles Quarks and leptons have been found to be point-like particles without substructure particles [11].
To avoid the difficulty of substructure particles of the Rishon model, Sundance Bilson-Thompson proposes the Helon Model with the discrete topological properties of discrete trivalent twisted strand braids [12] [13]. TTT and VVV and between TTV and TVV. TTT represents one integer charge, VVV is neutral, and TTV and TVV represent fractional charges [14]. The reason for the confined trivalent rishon space is to match the confined trivalent 3D connected space in the observed 4D spacetime, so the trivalent discrete rishon space becomes the interior space to determine the properties (flavor, charge, isospin, and color) of leptons and quarks, while the trivalent connected space becomes the exterior space to determines the momenta and positions of leptons and quarks.
The transformation from 10D string spacetime into 4D observed by converting the 6D connected space into the 6D Rishon Space with TTTVVV or TTVTVV is the continuation of the RS1-11D spacetime where the 10D weak-gravity brane is converted into the 4D home universe where we inhibit with the 6D rishon space as Figure 2.
In conventional Higgs mechanism, the Higgs field is the place where a massless particle gains mass through spontaneous symmetry breaking. The scalar Higgs Field exists permanently in the universe. The problem with such permanent Higgs field is the cosmological constant problem from the huge gravitational effect by the Higgs field in contrast to the observation [15]. To avoid the cosmological problem, the previous paper [16] posits that the Higgs field is transitional, and appears only during spontaneous symmetry breaking. The Higgs field disappears after spontaneous symmetry breaking. The permanent space precursor of the Higgs field is attachment space that attaches matter to space, and relates to rest mass. The permanent space precursor of the transitional reverse Higgs field is 3D detachment space which detaches matter from space, and relates to kinetic energy. Attachment space and detachment space are the Higgs space which interacts with matter. Because the Higgs field and the reverse Higgs field are transitional, the cosmological constant problem disappears. The mixed Higgs spaces as the combinations of n units of attachment space (denoted as 1) and n units of detachment space (denoted as 0) consist of binary partition space, (1)n(0)n, as the space of wave-particle duality, binary miscible space, (1+0)n, as the space of relativity, and binary lattice space, (1 0)n, as the space of virtual gauge rishon boson in quantum field theory. The Higgs space is the interior space to determine the properties (attachment and detachment to matter) of Figure 2. The transformation from the 10D weak-gravity brane to the home universe with 4D spacetime + 6D space (TTTVVV or TTVTVV). As shown later, detachment space is originally from the inter-universal void in the multiverse. To form the home universe where we inhabit, the 10D weak-gravity brane with attachment space absorbed the zero-energy 4D inter-universal void with detachment space, resulting in the combination of rest mass from attachment space and kinetic energy from detachment space and the formation of the 4D spacetime universe by transforming 6D connected exterior space into 6D discrete interior rishon space as Figure 3.
According to Johan Hansson, one of the ten biggest unsolved problems (quantum gravity, particle masses, the "measurement" problem, turbulence, dark energy, dark matter, complexity, the matter-antimatter asymmetry, friction, and the "arrow of time") in physics [17] is the incalculable particle masses of leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, and the Higgs boson. The Standard Model of particle physics contains the particles masses of leptons, quarks, and gauge bosons which cannot be calculated or predicted theoretically. From a theoretical point of view the particle mass is a total unsolved problem-they might as well have been random numbers drawn from a hat. The repetition of leptons and quarks with increasing masses has also remained an unsolved problem. Max Jammer [18] concluded that nobody knows what particle masses really are. The mass parameters experimentally measured for elementary particles have no theoretical explanation whatsoever. From the vantage point of theory the masses could just as well be a set of randomly generated numbers. In this paper, the masses of elementary particles are calculated accurately by dimension numbers. As discussed in the previous papers [19] [20], between 4D spacetime and 10D spacetime, dimension number decreases with decreasing speed of light, decreasing vacuum energy, and increasing rest mass. The 4D and the 10D have zero and the highest vacuum energies, respectively. Each spacetime dimension D associates with mass dimension d where D + d = 14 initially. All elementary particles for baryonic matter (leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, gravity, the Higgs boson, and cosmic rays) and dark matter (sterile neutrinos) can be placed in the periodic table of elementary particles based on the two sets of the seven mass dimensions [21] [22]. The periodic table of elementary particles Figure 3. The addition of detachment space from the zero-energy 4D inter-universal void to the 10D weak-gravity brane to form the home universe with both attachment space and detachment space. provide the accurate calculated masses for leptons, quarks, hadrons, gauge bosons, the Higgs boson, gravity, dark matter, and dark energy. This paper posits that the origin of the split is from the cyclic universe cosmology in the multiverse. As mentioned in the previous papers [19] [20], the multiverse consists of the zero-energy inter-universal void with 4D detachment space and the multiple 11D positive-energy membrane-antimembrane and negative-energy anti-membrane dual universes with 11D attachment space. The total energy of a dual 11D universe is zero. Detachment space in the inter-universal void prevents the collision of the 11D dual universes, while attachment space in a dual universe allows the existence of mass-energy in the space of the dual universe.
The cyclic universe cosmology starts with the zero-energy inter-universal void and the positive-energy membrane and negative-energy antimembrane 11D dual universe which is split into four equal 10D string branes, including the 10D positive-energy weak-gravity brane with matter, negative-energy strong-gravity brane, negative-energy weak-gravity brane with antimatter, and positive-energy strong-gravity brane in the 11D bulk. The 1D eleventh dimension interval space is between the strong and the weak-gravity branes as in Randall-Sundrum model.
To form the home universe where we inhabit, the positive-energy weak-gravity brane with attachment space absorbed the zero-energy 4D inter-universal void with detachment space, resulting in the combination of rest mass from attachment space and kinetic energy from detachment space and the formation of the 4D spacetime universe by transforming 6D connected exterior space into the 6D discrete interior rishon space. The result was cosmic inflation from high vacuum energy (10D) to zero vacuum energy (4D). The other three branes did not absorb the inter-universal void, resulting in the oscillating dimension branes between 10D and 4D stepwise without kinetic energy. The three branes are hidden when D > 4, and they are dark energy when D = 4. Afterward, when D > 4 for the three branes, the home universe and the three branes start to contract, and eventually return to the original four 10D string branes and then to the original 11D membrane-antimembrane dual universe for the cyclic universe cosmology.
Different spacetimes are shown in Table 1. Section 2 deals with the rishon space. Section 3 describes the Higgs space. Section 4 explains the spilt membrane 11D spacetime based on the cyclic universe cosmology in the multiverse. The 11D split spacetime and cosmology provides the matter-antimatter imbalance and the accurate calculated masses for all elementary baryonic matter particles, dark matter, and dark energy.

The Rishon Space
The paper posits that the membrane 11D spacetime is split into the 1D eleventh dimension orbifold interval space, the 6D discrete topological rishon space, the 3D bound Higgs space, and the 1D Einstein time. The 6D discrete topological rishon space is derived from the Rishon Model by Haim Harari [8] and Michael A. Shupe [9] which explains the origin of leptons and quarks in the Standard The rishon space and helon are shown in Table 2 and Figure 5.

The Higgs Space
The 3D Higgs space consists of attachment space as the space precursor of the transitional Higgs field and detachment space as the space precursor of the transitional reverse Higgs field. Attachment space that attaches matter to the space relates to rest mass, detachment space that detaches matter from the space relates to kinetic energy. The Higgs space involves the Higgs mechanism for the transformation between massless particle and massive particle and the space structures from the combination of attachment space and detachment space. The Higgs space is the interior space to determine the properties (attachment and detachment to matter) of elementary particles, while the exterior space determines the momenta and positions of elementary particles.

The Higgs Mechanism
In conventional physics, space does not couple with particles, and is the passive zero-energy ground state space. Under spontaneous symmetry breaking in conventional physics, the passive zero-energy ground state is converted into the active, permanent, and ubiquitous nonzero-energy Higgs field, which couples with massless particle to produce the transitional Higgs field-particle composite. Under spontaneous symmetry restoring, the transitional Higgs field-particle composite is converted into the massive particle with the longitudinal component on zero-energy ground state without the Higgs field as follows.
In conventional physics, the nonzero-energy scalar Higgs Field exists permanently in the universe. The problem with such nonzero-energy field is the cosmological constant problem from the huge gravitational effect by the nonzero-energy Higgs field in contrast to the observation [15].
Unlike passive space in conventional physics, the Higgs space [16] as the zero-energy ground state space couples with particles. Attachment space is the space precursor of the Higgs field. Under spontaneous symmetry breaking, attachment space as the active zero-energy ground state space couples with massless particle to form momentarily the transitional non-zero energy Higgs Detachment space is the space precursor of the reverse Higgs field. Unlike the conventional model, detachment space actively couples to massive particle. Under spontaneous symmetry breaking, the coupling of massive particle to zero-energy detachment space produces the transitional nonzero-energy reverse Higgs field-particle composite which under spontaneous symmetry restoring produces massless particle on zero-energy detachment space without the longitudinal component without the reverse Higgs field as follows.
[ ] spontaneous symmetry breaking spontaneous symmetry restoring massive particle zero-energy detachment space the transitional nonzero-energy reverse Higgs field particle composite massless +  → −  → particle without the longitudinal component on zero-energy detachment space without the reverse Higgs field As described in the previous paper [21], the reverse Higgs boson was observed as the two unusual steeply upward-going ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic ray events with energies of ≈0.6 EeV [23] and ≈0.56 EeV [24] in the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment [25].

The Space Structures
The symmetrical combination of n units of attachment space as 1 and n units of detachment space as 0 brings about three different space structures: binary partition space, miscible space, or binary lattice space as below. space. In conventional physics, space does not couple with particles. In the rest-movement system, space couples with particles.
In binary partition space (1) n (0) n , an entity is both in constant motion as standing wave for detachment space and in stationary state as a particle for attachment space, resulting in the wave-particle duality. Such duality can be described by the uncertainty principle. The uncertainty principle for quantum mechanics is expressed as follows.
The position, x, and momentum, p, of a particle cannot be simultaneously measured with arbitrarily high precision. The uncertainty principle requires every physical system to have a zero-point energy (non-zero minimum momentum) and to have a non-zero minimum wavelength as the Planck length. In terms of the binary partition space, detachment space relating to kinetic energy as momentum is σ p , and attachment space relating to space (wavelength) for a particle is σ x . In binary partition space, neither detachment space nor attachment space is zero in the uncertainty principle, and detachment space is inversely proportional to attachment space. Quantum mechanics for a particle follows the uncertainty principle defined by binary partition space. Binary partition space (1) n (0) n can also be described by the Schrodinger in quantum mechanics where total energy equals to kinetic energy related to (0) n plus potential energy related to (1) n . In binary partition space, for every detachment space, there is its corresponding adjacent attachment space. Thus, no part of the mass-energy can be irreversibly separated from binary partition space, and no part of a different mass-energy can be incorporated in binary partition space. Binary partition space represents coherence as wavefunction. Binary partition space is for coherent system. Any destruction of the coherence by the addition of a different mass-energy to the mass-energy causes the collapse of binary partition space into miscible space. The collapse is a phase transition from binary partition space to miscible space.
Another way to convert binary partition space into miscible space is gravity. Penrose [26] pointed out that the gravity of a small object is not strong enough to pull different states into one location. On the other hand, the gravity of large object pulls different quantum states into one location to become miscible space. Therefore, a small object without outside interference is always in binary partition space, while a large object is never in binary partition space.
The information in miscible space is contributed by the miscible combination of both attachment space and detachment space, so information can no longer be non-localized. Any value in miscible space is definite and deterministic. All Such collapse corresponds to the appearance of eigenvalue, E, by a measurement operator, H, on a wavefunction, Ψ. Ψ = Ψ H E (10) In miscible space, attachment space is miscible to detachment space, and there is no separation of attachment space and detachment space. In miscible space, attachment space contributes zero speed, while detachment space contributes the speed of light. For a moving massive particle consisting of a rest massive part and a massless part, the massive part with rest mass, m 0 , is in attachment space, and the massless part with kinetic energy, K, is adjacent to detachment space.
The combination of the massive part in attachment space and massless part in detachment leads to the propagation speed in between zero and the speed of light. To maintain the speed of light constant for a moving particle, the time (t) in moving particle has to be dilated, and the length (L) has to be contracted relative to the rest frame. contraction, E is the total energy, and K is the kinetic energy. Binary lattice space, (1 0)n, as the space of virtual gauge rishon boson in quantum field theory will be described in Section 4.

Cosmology
The paper posits that the cyclic universe cosmology in the multiverse involves the split of the membrane 11D spacetime into the 1D eleventh dimension orbifold interval space to form gravity, the 6D discrete interior rishon space (TTT-VVV for positron-neutrino or TTV-TVV for u-d̅ quarks) to form the Standard Model, the 3D Higgs space (attachment space to attach matter or detachment space to detach matter) to form the Higgs or reverse Higgs field, and 1D Einstein time to be shared by all spaces.

The Multiverse
This paper posits that the origin of the split is derived from the cyclic universe from the zero-energy inter-universe. Each of the positive-energy 11D universe and the negative-energy 11D universe does not conserve the energy-mass conservation, but the energy sum of the positive-energy 11D universe and the negative-energy 11D universe is zero which conserves the energy-mass conservation.
The cyclic universe cosmology starts with the zero-energy inter-universal void and the positive-negative energy 11D membrane dual universe which is split into four 10D string branes as the dual two-string branes, including the positive-energy weak-gravity string brane, the negative-energy weak-gravity string brane, the positive-energy strong-gravity string brane, and the negative-energy strong-gravity string brane in the 11D dual universe bulk. The positive-energy weak string brane contains matter, while the negative-energy string brane contains antimatter. The matter-antimatter balance occurs in the balance between the matter in the positive-energy weak-gravity string brane and the antimatter in the negative-energy weak-gravity string brane as in Figure 6. Each brane has the matter-antimatter imbalance initially. Afterward, all subsequent events in each brane have the matter-antimatter balance for CP symmetry. The strong string branes are dominated by gravity. All four branes have equal mass-energy. The 1D interval space is between the 10D strong-gravity string brane and the 10D weak-gravity string brane in the 11D membrane bulk.
In conventional physics, space-time dimension numbers are fixed. Compactization is required to account for the observed 4D [2]. As described previously [19] [20], the space-time dimension numbers oscillate reversibly between 10D and 4D reversibly dimension by dimension without compactization. The oscillating space-time numbers from 10D to 4D relate to varying speed of light. Varying speed of light has been proposed to explain the horizon problem of cosmology [27] [28]. J. D. Barrow [29] proposes that the time dependent speed of light varies as some power of the expansion scale factor a in such way that As described previously [19] [20], the particle oscillation between 10D and 10D through 4D involves mass dimension (denoted as d) to represent the mass.
In the initial condition for the oscillation, D + d =14 where D and d are between  (17) where c D is the quantized varying speed of light in space-time dimension number, D, from 4 to 10, c is the observed speed of light in the 4D space-time, α is the fine structure constant for electromagnetism, E is energy, M 0 is rest mass, D is the space-time dimension number from 4 to 10, d is the mass dimension number from 4 to 10, n is an integer, and E vacuum = vacuum energy. From Equation (14), 10D has the lowest rest mass, and 4D has the highest rest mass. According to the calculation from Equation (15), the rest mass of 4D is 1/α 12 ≈ 137 12 times of the mass of 10D. From Equation (16), 10D has the highest vacuum energy, while 4D particle has zero vacuum energy. A particle with 10D is transformed to a particle with 4D from Equation (17) The varying supersymmetry transformation involves the translation and fractionalization from d to d − 1 or condensation from d to d + 1 at the same D. The translation and fractionalization-condensation account for the cosmic expansion-contraction for the oscillating universes.
The transformation during the oscillation between 10D particle and 4D particle involves the stepwise two-step transformation consisting of the VSLD transformation and the VSD transformation. The VSLD transformation involves the transformation of spacetime dimension, D whose mass increases with decreasing D for the decrease in vacuum energy. The VSD transformation involves the transformation of the mass dimension number, d whose mass decreases with decreasing d for the fractionalization of particle. The oscillating dimension number transformation between 10D4d and 10D4d through 4D4d involves both the VSLD transformation and the VSD transformation as the stepwise two-step transformation as follows. The repetitive stepwise two-step dimension number oscillation between 10D4d and 10D4d through 4D4d as follows.

The Home Universe
To form the home universe where we inhabit, the 10D positive-energy weak-gravity string brane with attachment space absorbed the zero-energy 4D inter-universal void with 4D detachment space, resulting in the home universe which contains the Higgs space with both attachment space for rest mass and detachment space for kinetic energy. The home universe resulted from the transformation from a 10D spacetime brane into a 4D spacetime universe by transforming 6D connected exterior space into 6D discrete interior rishon space.
The other three 10D string branes did not absorb detachment space.

Cosmic Inflation
Cosmic inflation is derived the transformation from 10D4d to 4D10d immediately. Calculated from Equation (15), the rest mass of 4D10d is

The Rishon Space Formation
The home universe resulted from the transformation from a 10D spacetime brane into a 4D spacetime universe by transforming 6D connected exterior space into 6D discrete interior rishon space as follows. The rishon space formation produces the discrete space in addition to connected space. All elementary particles are in discrete space in addition to connected space, while gravity in the interval space continues to be in connected exterior space without discrete interior space for flavor, charge, isospin, and color.

The Higgs Space Formation
As discussed in Section 3, the space structures as the mixed Higgs spaces as the combinations of n units of attachment space (denoted as 1 from the positive-energy weak-gravity string brane) and n units of detachment space (denoted as 0 from the inter-universal void) consist of binary partition space, (1) n (0) n , as the space of wave-particle duality, binary miscible space, (1+0) n , as the space of relativity, and binary lattice space, (1 0) n , as the space of virtual gauge boson in quantum field theory. Section 3 describes binary partition space and binary miscible space, and binary lattice space is described as follows.
Binary lattice space is derived from the slicing of mass dimension. Bounias and Krasnoholovets [30] propose that the reduction of dimension can be done As a result, the mass ratio of dark matter to baryonic matter is 5 to 1 in excellent agreement with the observed 4.98 to 1 derived from the observed 4.56% and 22.7% for baryonic matter and dark matter, respectively [19] [31].
The 10d (mass dimension) particle in attachment space denoted as 1 was sliced by detachment space denoted as 0. For example, the slicing of 10d particle into 4d particle is as follows.
( ) 10 slicing 10 4 4 4 ,d d 5 1 1 0 1 10d particle 4d core particle binary lattice space where 1 10 is 10d particle, 1 4 is 4d particle, d is the mass dimension number of the dimension to be sliced, n as the number of slices for each dimension, and (0 4 1 4 ) n is binary lattice space with repetitive units of alternative 4d attachment space and 4d detachment space. For 4d particle starting from 10d particle, the mass dimension number of the dimension to be sliced is from d = 5 to d = 10. Each mass dimension is sliced into infinite quantized units (n = ∞) of binary lattice space, (0 4 , 1 4 ) ∞ . For 4d particle, the 4d core particle is surrounded by 6 types The Higgs space produces the Higgs mechanism and the space structures.
Quantum mechanics is derived from the Higgs space, so the simultaneous occurrence of cosmic inflation and quantum mechanism produced cosmic quantum fluctuation in the home universe.

The Extend Standard Model
The Extend Standard Model includes leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, gravity, dark matter, and dark energy.

The Seven Mass Dimensions
The masses in the Extend Standard Model are based on the seven mass dimensions. Cosmic inflation produced 4D10d spacetime and 1D interval space for gravity which were transformed into 4D4d spacetime as the lowest spacetime-mass dimension from Equation (22) + 1D interval space for gravity + 6 mass dimensions for non-gravity + 1mass dimension for gravity. The combination results in 4D4d spacetime + 1D interval space for gravity + 7 mass dimensions as Equation (27) and in Figure 7.
where d is the mass dimension number, F is fermion, and B is boson. Each dimension has its own α d , and all α d 's except α 7 (α w ) of the seventh dimension (weak interaction) are equal to α, the fine structure constant of electromagnetism.  leptons (muon and tau) and quarks (d, u, s, c, b, and t) as in Figure 8 and Table   3.
In the periodic table of elementary particles, the five dark matter particles are derived from Equation (24). Without electromagnetism at d = 5, dark matter does not have charge particle, and has to be neutrinos. Initially derived from Equation (25) and the symmetry between dark matter and baryonic matter, there were five dark matter massive right-handed neutrinos and one baryonic matter massive left-handed neutrino. Through the reverse Higgs mechanism as Equation (6), the left-handed neutrino becomes massless, while the right-handed neutrinos as sterile dark matter neutrinos remain massive. The reverse Higgs boson was observed [21]. All neutrinos and electron as well as gauge bosons are in the principal mass dimensions. All quarks and unstable leptons are in the auxiliary mass dimensions. The three generations of baryonic matter lepton-quark is the maximum generations allowed for the seven principal dimensions and the seven auxiliary dimensions.

Gauge Bosons
In the periodic table of elementary particles, the given observed masses are the mass of electron for F 6 and the mass of Z boson for B 7 . From Equations (28)  MeV ≈ one half of pion) is the strong force as the nuclear force in the pion theory [32] where pions mediate the strong interaction at long enough distances (longer than the nucleon radius) or low enough energies. B 6 is denoted as basic gluon, g*. At short enough distances (shorter than the nucleon radius) or high     tive fractional charges is integer [33]. As a result, fractional charges are confined and collective. The confinement force field includes gluons for collective fractional charge quarks in hadrons and the magnetic flux quanta for collective fractional charge quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) [34] [35] [36].
The third lowest boson (B 7 ) at d = 7 is Z L for the left-handed weak interaction among leptons and quarks. Spontaneous symmetry breaking produces massive weak bosons, massless photon and the Higgs boson as Equation (5). Massive weak bosons produce short-distance interaction. B 8 at d = 8 is Z R for the right-handed weak interaction among dark matter neutrinos as dark matter neutrino oscillation. The symmetry between Z R and Z L provides the neutrino oscillation for both baryonic matter neutrinos [37] and dark matter neutrinos.
At B 9 , baryonic matter and dark matter are separated. Above B 9 , there is no baryonic matter and dark matter before the slicing as in Equation (25). B 9 as the gauge boson represents the weak short-distance repulsive Yukawa force [38] between  Figure 6, B 10 at d = 10 is also for the home universe-dark energy separation. Above B 10 , there is no separation between the home universe and the three string branes. B 10 as the gauge boson represents the repulsive force between matter in the home universe and antimatter in the negative-energy weak gravity brane and between the home universe and dark energy in the three branes.
From Equation (21), under the VSLD transformation and the VSD transformation, the three branes expand through the increasing rest mass and the translation-fractionalization from 10D4d to 5D4d. To the 4D home universe, the three branes from 10D to 5D are hidden, because as Equation (13), particles with different space-time dimensions and different speeds of light are transparent and oblivious to one another to avoid the violation of causality due to differences in the speed of light. During this time, the home 4D universe expands normally.

The Three Branes as Dark Energy
When all three branes and the home universe become 4D, the three branes become dark energy as a part of the home universe.
The result is the accelerating expansion. Since the three branes have no detachment space to produce kinetic energy, dark energy is inert as the inert cosmological constant. According to the theoretical calculation based on the algebras cosmology, dark energy started in 4.47 billion years ago [19] in agreement with the observed 4.71 ± 0.98 billion years ago [52]. The maximum dark energy is 75% for the three out of the four regions as the spacetime of three branes becomes completely 4D.

The Three Hidden Branes from 5D to 10D
The three branes from 5D to 10D again become the hidden branes. 5D4d 5D5d 6D4d 6D5d 7D4d 7D5d 8D4d 8D5d 9D4d 9D5d 10D4d They contract by the decreasing rest mass and the translation-condensation.
The home universe contracts through gravity. Through symmetry, all four universes contract synchronically and equally.

The Three 10D Branes and the Original 4D Home Universe
Eventually, the three branes return to the original 10D three branes. The 4D home universe reaches cosmic deflation to lose all detachment space to become 10D4d. The four universes return to the step 3.
The four branes can undergo another cycle of the home universe and the three branes or can reverse to the 11D membrane-antimembrane dual universes, and ultimately, to the zero-energy inter-universal void as shown in Figure 6.

Summary
In summary, the cyclic universe cosmology involves the split of the membrane shared by all spaces. The 1D eleventh dimension interval space was the space between the weak-gravity string brane and the strong-gravity string brane which are the progenitors of the home universe and dark energy, respectively.
The 6D discrete interior rishon space consists of the TTT-VVV or TTV-TVV as the discrete trivalent twisted strand braids for the spaces of positron-neutrino or u-d̅ quarks, respectively, in the Rishon Space Model with 1/3 charge T and neutral V. The trivalent discrete rishon space is the interior space to determine the properties (flavor, charge, isospin, and color) of leptons and quarks, while the trivalent connected space is the exterior space to determine the momenta and positions of leptons and quarks. The 3D Higgs space consists of attachment space as the space precursor of the transitional Higgs field and detachment space as the space precursor of the transitional reverse Higgs field. Attachment space that attaches matter to the space related to rest mass, detachment space that detaches matter from the space relates to kinetic energy. The combination of n units of attachment space (denoted as 1) and n units of detachment space (denoted as 0) produces binary partition space, (1) n (0) n , as the space of wave-particle duality, binary miscible space, (1+0) n , as the space of relativity, and binary lattice space, (1, 0) n , as the space of virtual gauge boson in quantum field theory. A particle with the rishon space is bound to the different Higgs spaces under different conditions. The Higgs space is the interior space to determine the properties (attachment and detachment to matter) of elementary particles, while the exterior space determines the momenta and positions of elementary particles.
Between 4D spacetime and 10D spacetime, dimension number decreases with decreasing speed of light, decreasing vacuum energy, and increasing rest mass. The 4D and the 10D have zero and the highest vacuum energies, respectively. Each spacetime dimension D associates with mass dimension d where D + d = 14.
This paper posits that the origin of the split is from the multiverse cosmology. The multiverse consists of the 4D zero-energy inter-universal void with detachment space and the multiple 11D positive-energy membrane and negative-energy anti-membrane dual universes with 11D attachment space. The total energy of a dual 11D universe is zero. Detachment space in the inter-universal void prevents the collision of the 11D dual universes, while attachment space in a dual universe allows the existence of mass-energy in the space of the dual universe. A dual universe with zero total energy can emerge from the zero-energy inter-universe.
The cyclic universe cosmology ( Figure 6) in the multiverse starts with the zero-energy inter-universal void and the positive-energy membrane and nega- tive-energy antimembrane 11D dual universe which is split into four equal 10D string branes, including the 10D positive-energy weak-gravity brane with matter, negative-energy strong-gravity brane, negative-energy weak-gravity brane with antimatter, and positive-energy strong-gravity brane in the 11D bulk. The 1D eleventh dimension interval space is between the strong and the weak-gravity branes as in Randall-Sundrum model.
To form the home universe where we inhabit, the 10D positive-energy weak-gravity brane with attachment space absorbed the zero-energy 4D inter-universal void with detachment space, resulting in the combination of rest mass from attachment space and kinetic energy from detachment space, the formation of the 4D spacetime universe by transforming 6D connected exterior space into 6D discrete interior rishon space to form the extended Standard Model, and cosmic inflation from high vacuum energy (10D) to zero vacuum energy (4D). The other three branes did not absorb the inter-universal void, resulting in the oscillating dimension branes between 10D and 4D stepwise without kinetic energy. The three branes are hidden when D > 4, and they are dark energy when D = 4. Afterward, when D > 4 again for the three branes, the home universe and the three branes start to contract, and eventually return to the original four 10D string branes and then to the original 11D membrane dual universe for the cyclic universe cosmology as in Figure 6. Consequently, the emergences of gravity, the Standard Model, and dark energy as the three different phenomena take three steps. The Step 1 to form gravity involves the emergence of the 1D interval space to form gravity derived from the split of the 11D membrane universe into two branes with 1D interval space in between the two branes. The Step 2 to form the Standard Model involves the 6D rishon space to form the Standard Model derived from the addition of detachment space to the 10D weak-gravity brane to form the home universe consisting of the combination of attachment space and detachment space for the Higgs mechanism and the 4D spacetime with 6D TTTVVV or TTVTVV for the origin of elementary particles. The Step 3 to form dark energy involves the 4D strong-gravity brane to form dark energy derived from the dimensional oscillation between 10D and 4D. The 3-step cosmic evolution from the beginning of the cyclic universe to the present is as Figure 9.
All elementary particles for baryonic matter (leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, gravity, and the Higgs boson) and dark matter (sterile neutrinos) can be placed in the periodic table of elementary particles based on the two sets of the seven mass dimensions. The periodic table of elementary particles calculates accurately the particle masses of all leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, the Higgs boson, and the cosmic rays by using only five known constants: the number (seven) of the extra spatial dimensions in the observed four-dimensional spacetime from the eleven-dimensional membrane, the mass of electron, the masses of Z and W bosons, and the fine structure constant. The calculated masses are in excellent agreements with the observed masses. For examples, the calculated masses of muon, top quark, and the Higgs boson are 105.55 MeV, 175.4 GeV, and 126 Journal of Modern Physics Figure 9. The 3-step cosmic evolution from the beginning to the present. Step1 to form gravity: split the 11D membrane universe into two branes with 1D interval space in between the two branes.
Step 2 to form the Standard Model: the addition of detachment space to the 10D weak-gravity brane to form the home universe with the combination of attachment space and detachment space and the 6D rishon space. Step 3 to form dark energy: the conversion of the strong-gravity brane to the 4D dark energy by the dimensional oscillation between 10D and 4D from the strong-gravity brane. MeV, respectively with 0.0006%, 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.004%, respectively for the difference between the calculated and observed mass. In conclusion, the split 11D spacetime, and cyclic universe cosmology, and the periodic table of elementary particles provide the matter-antimatter imbalance and the accurate calculated masses for leptons, quarks, hadrons, gauge bosons, the Higgs boson, gravity, dark matter, and dark energy

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.