Status of Mountain Pastures, Including Geobotanical Description of the Main Vegetation Associations in Western Pamir-Alay

The article gives a brief description of the vegetation 
cover of the Western Pamir-Alai range, as well as a method of describing the 
phytocenosis of the vegetation of the studied region.


Introduction
The studied region is one of the most interesting regions of Uzbekistan, characterized by a kind of floristic richness and a high percentage of endemic species.
A large variety of trees and shrubs and herbaceous plants is concentrated here, much of which is of high value for the national economy. In order to preserve the diversity of vegetation and maintain them in a sustainable productive state, knowledge of the patterns and characteristics of the formation, spatial distribution of vegetation and their communities, their current state, trends and rationing of natural plant resources are of particular relevance.

Material and Methods
As a result of the analysis of generally accepted and modern methods for the implementation of goals and objectives for the study of the state of mountain pastures it is recommended to use the following methods: -Itinerary reconnaissance studies. When they were carried out, it was supposed to give the most general geobotanical characteristic of the vegetation cover of the surveyed territory. In this case, the most important, the most American Journal of Plant Sciences common formations and their connections with the relief of soil conditions should be characterized in general terms. The spatial distribution of the main formations is given in the description of large geobotanical regions, which are also outlined only tentatively [1] [2].
-Reconnaissance studies are usually carried out with the purpose of the primary or a specific region. Their task is the general qualitative characteristic of vegetation on the basis of taking into account local peculiarities of its formation and placement. As a result, materials characterizing the main features of the vegetation cover are obtained, areas differing in geobotanical terms are allocated, the most important forest, pasture, meadow and other funds are

Methods for the Description of Phytocenoses
When describing vegetation cover, it is necessary to indicate the conditions of its formation: geological features, geographical location of the studied area, its climatic conditions. The description process includes floristic composition, total number, weight of plants and quantitative relationships between species and groups of species, the condition of individuals of each species ("vitality"), spatial-vertical and horizontal-distribution of plants and structural parts of the phytocenosis.

Result and Discussion
As a result of the analysis of literature sources and on the basis of common experience, it was found that the phytocenotic diversity of mountain pasture vegetation cover consists of 3 types, 4 subtypes, 7 cenotypes, 8 formations and 27 associations.
To test this methodology and obtain primary data, we carried out two expeditions together: The first route passes through the territory of the forestry of the Yakkabag region. The second route passes through the territory of the Gissar reserve Miraki area of Kashkadarya region.
According to the results of work in the study area (Yakkabag forestry and Gissar reserve, Miraki site) the following plant species are endemic: Acantholimon butkovii L i p with z. ( The region we are studying is located in high-altitude areas, mainly in the zone of adyrs, in the middle mountains and in the highlands, each of which has its own landscape components. When classifying the phytocenoses of the studied areas, the classification of P. K Zakirov [2] [3] [4] [5] was adopted. Type: Hill-Imioreophyton (Adyrophyton) Hill-alpine; Coenotype: Herbal ephemeroids-Ephemeroidopoia; Formation: Bluegrass-Poaeta bulbosae. Associations: 1) Bluegrass-sedge-grass (Poa bulbosa, Carex pachystylis, Phlomoides labiosa, Hypericum elongatum), area 10 × 10 m. The soil is mixed with simple gray, small pale earth. Plant coverage is 60% -65%: Edifier Poa bulosa, Cop 2 abundance, non-specific Carex pachystylis, Sp 3 abundance. They constitute the lower part of the vegetation cover. Their height is 15 -20 cm.
These two associations met in Yakkabag forestry at an altitude of 1500 m above sea level.
The semi-shrub plant belongs to the Lamiaceae Lindl family. Associations: 3) Panicle grassy grass (Perovskia scrophularifolia, Cynodon dactylon, Poa bulbosa, Elytrigia repens, Eryngium macrocalyx, Achillea millefolium). Communities are common on dark gray soils, where there is a little grass on the surface. The prevalence of Perovskia-scrophularifolia edificator is Cop 2 , Sub-equalizers Cynodon dactylon, abundance of Sp3, Poa bulbosa Sp 3 , Elytrigia trychophora Sp 3 . Erigeron macrocalyx, Alhagi psevdoalhagi, Plantago lanceolata, Achillea millefolium and others, participate in this association. Their abundance is Sp 1 , but on the field there are many ephemeral, ephemeroid, Sol-Sp 1 . This association was found in Yakkabag forestry in 1 site at an altitude of 2100 -2200 m above sea level.
As a result of our research in the Hissar ranges, the following 5 associations of wheatgrass flora were found at an altitude of 1800 -1900 m above sea level, and in rare cases up to 2000 m above sea level. Associations: 4) Misting grass (Phlomis olgae, Haplophyllum perforatum) association, in the foothills of the Gissar mountains, distributed at an altitude of 1700 -1800 m above sea level. Its fields are in the range of grain fields and are used as "grass". American Journal of Plant Sciences The soil is dark gray, small, soft, rich in humus. Vegetable coverage is 80% -90%. Elythrigia trichophora participates in the community, which accounts for 60% of the total vegetation cover. The vegetation cover of this community is Cop2, height 60 -70 cm. Subdefinators are Haplophyllum perforatum and Phlomis olgae, and their abundance is Sp 2 -Sp 3 . Hordeum bulbosum, H. leporinum are also found. 5) Forbs and mixed shrubs-wheatgrass (Elytrigia trichophora, Rosa maracandica, Cerasus erythrocarpa, Amygdalus spinosissima, Lonicera altmannii, Ferula kokanica, Daucus carota). This is an association 2.5 -3 km south of the village of Suvlisay). The area is 10 × 10 m. The height is 1900 m above sea level, the vegetative cover of the community is 45%. The edificator is Elytrigia trichophora, Cop 1 abundance, Rosa maracandica, Cerasus erythrocarpa, Lonicera altmanii abundance Sp 2 abundance. Herbal blend Ferula kuhistanica, Daucus carota Sp 1 . Stones are thrown from places where the soil is covered with dark soil.
In such places grow shrubs. 6) Forbs-grass-grass-prairie (Elytrigia trichophora, Poa bulbosa, Scabiosa songorica, Phlomis olgae) were recorded in Yakkabag forestry. This association is located at an altitude of 1800 meters above sea level. The soil is light brown, carbonate, the surface is sufficiently washed. In the community, vegetation cover is 60%,  13) Forbs-Pirein-Zarafshan juniperus (Juniperus sarawschanica, Elytrigia trichophora, Poa bulbosa, Phlomis thapsoides, Centaurea squarrosa), is similar to the above association, but the majority of the vegetation falls on the wheatgrass-Cop 1 , Poa bulbosa Sp 1 , aphorus, Cop, Poa bulbosa Sp 1 , the crop association, but the majority of the vegetation falls on the wheatgrass-Cop 1 , Poa bulbosa Sp 1 , the crop association, Copyra, Poa bulbosa Sp 1 , the share of the above mentioned association, but the majority of the vegetation accounts for the wheatgrass. Grass covers 60% -80%. Unlike the previous community, the grass is 20% more abundant, and the trees of Juniperus sarawschanica are higher and reach a height of 2 -3 m. Subaeditor Poa bulbosa and forbs. Obviously, the location on the northern slopes has an impact on the development of this association.
These 3 associations we noted in department Yakkabag forestry No. 1 at altitudes of 1800 -2000 m asl. The area is covered with brown soils. In some places the stones lie on the ground. The edificator is the archa zarafshanskaya, the abundance of Sp 3 , the density is 0.3 -0.4, the height is 5 -6 m. The wheatgrass Sp 1 , bluegrass abundant Sp 3 , Astragalus bactrianus Sp 1 , Cousinia microcarpa Sol, Plantago lanceolata Sol and others grow in the second tier with less common shrubs.

Conclusions
During the expeditions, more than 110 herbarium leaves were collected in the surveyed territories and plant species were identified.
In conclusion, the region is currently under intense anthropogenic and manmade impact. The increasing impact on vegetation has caused significant changes in the composition and structure of communities in different zones of the foothill and mountainous areas. As a result, the diversity of vegetation and plant communities has decreased; their productivity and renewable capacity have decreased.

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.