Presence Aware Power Saving Mode (PA-PSM) Enhancement for IoT Devices for Energy Conservation

The Internet of Things has brought a vision to turn the digital object into smart devices by adding an intelligence system and thereafter connecting them to the internet world. These smart devices accumulate environmental information with the help of sensors and act consequently without human intervention. The Internet of Thing is a rapidly growing industry with expected 50 - 200 billion smart devices to connect to the internet. Multi-billions of smart devices will produce a substantial amount of data to provide services to human society, although, it will lead to increase energy consumption at the highest level and drive to high energy bills. Moreover, the flood of IoT devices may also lead to energy scarcity. IoT is nowadays mainly focused on the IT industry and researchers believe the next wave of IoT may connect 1 trillion sensors by 2025. Even if these sensors would have 10 years of battery life, it will still require 275 million batteries to be replaced every day. Therefore, it is a necessity to reduce energy consumption in smart devices. “Presence Aware Power Saving Mode (PA-PSM) Enhancement for IoT Devices for Energy Conservation”, a proposed novel approach in this research paper by the help of a proposed algorithm in this research paper to reduce power consumption by individual devices within smart homes. In the proposed approach, a centralized automation controller keeps the less priority smart devices into deep sleep mode to save energy and experiments suggest the proposed system may help to reduce 25.81% of the energy consumed by smart devices within the smart home.


Introduction
Smart Home delivers comfortable living atmosphere by intelligent management system. Smart Homes become very popular research topics among Internet of Things (IoT) [1] [2]. Numerous IoT sensors connected through wireless communication medium within homes to make residence life comfortable [3] [4].
Architectural engineers of smart homes configure smart house before construction starts, so that, it helps to develop a well-designed low-cost smart homes.
Furthermore, smart homes must have interaction system in between components and users to provide appropriate services, where components have sensors installed on it to detect various environmental data. Moreover, each sensor work independently and transfer data to controller, to get numerous environmental data. Multiple sensors must be placed within homes; however, multiple sensors around homes may increase installation cost [5]. It is expected in near future, more than 90 million people will be living in smart homes equipped with latest technologies for home automation to improve security, comfort and manage energy consumption. Several types of research have been taken placed and suggest energy consumption can be reduced [6]. In smart home automation system devices incorporate in between devices to control home features, they do not only turn devices on/off [7] but also change devices internal behavior according to presence/absence of inhabitant. In result devices are being autonomously managed by itself without human intervention which also help to reduce energy cost as Electric consumption in Europe is rising continuously, especially in the residential sector and it is expected to grow approximately 50% by 2050. It is mainly caused by continuously increasing demands in electric plug-in-hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), electric heating systems and others appliances such as Smart TVs, PCs, and smartphones which consumed nearly 25% of electric consumption within single homes in Europe. However, heating and cooling system of all buildings consumed approx. 65% of electric [8]. Smart homes contain intelligent home management system to provide the highest level of comfort to the inhabitant. It is one of the popular research topics in IoT (Internet of Things) [2]. It has a variety of IoT-based sensors installed in smart homes to improve inhabitant's life [3] [4]. Furthermore, smart homes constantly interact with components in order to facilitate appropriate services for inhabitants, sensors within smart homes work independently and simply report to controller [5].
In this research paper, a proposed work that have centralized approach an automation controller consists of several sensors and hardware on it such as ESP8266-ESP01 (a Wi-Fi module), BLE 4 (SH-HC-08), HC-SR501 PIR motion detector, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), DHT 11 Humidity and Temperature, ACS712 to measure energy consumption and a very important component Arduino Uno R3 or a microcontroller that controls all sensors and hardware on it.
Automation controller also has two loads on it and gets the behavior of the loads as per a proposed algorithm in this research paper called PA-PSM (Presence

Literature Work
A smart home is equipped with sensors to collect occupant's activities, environmental changes and send data to controllers [9], reducing energy consumption can only be obtained by having profiles of appliance which shows consumption of individual appliances and help accordingly to change their behavior which is called Demand Side Management (DSM), it directly impact on consumer's behavior of electric consumption, moreover, it can shift some appliances such as dishwasher and washing machine usage from peak time to off-peak time to reduce cost of energy, so that energy optimization may help to smart house to reduce electricity consumption [10]. In another type of approach is Time of Use (ToU) pricing, in which price of electricity already set for specific period of time in advance, prices of electricity has already been paid for these period in advance, which allow users to shift their all energy usage to low cost period to reduce energy cost as it is implied on higher electricity demand with lower electricity prices instead of flat tariff, in another approach where a day is divided into several slots of with equal span with different electricity prices to minimize the cost of electric consumption [11].
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are playing a vital role in smart homes application and rapidly integrating into our daily lives, they are being used in several areas with numerous applications. WSN is being used in smart homes and offices to provide the best comfort to the inhabitant, as recently energy grids are being converted into the smart grid so consumers can directly control the consumption of their appliances, WSN is playing a vital role in energy management at the domestic side. Information and Communication Technology (ICT), energy harvesting, monitoring, smart meters with smart wireless devices become more important such as Wireless Sensor Home Area Network (WSHAN) [12], it Open Journal of Energy Efficiency focused on communication in between smart Energy Management Unit (EMU) and smart appliances in nearly real time, and it can be managed better by another approach called BluHEMS.

BluHEMS is based on communication among central Energy Management
Unit (EMU), home appliances, storage unit inside the smart home and smart meter. Home Energy Management (HEM) is suitable for smart homes to reduce energy cost by peak load management into off-peak hours can benefit smart homes. In BluHEMS communication system is based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol by WSHAN [13] as shows in Figure 1.

Smart Home System
Smart Home System consists of various energy sources, electrical home appliances, storage device, control unit and communication system, the home consist of own energy sources by renewable energy, for instance, solar panels and wind turbine, later these generated energies could store into batteries. Moreover, charging station within smart homes work as an inverter to convert direct current from renewable sources so home appliances can use it.

Wireless Sensor Home Area Network
Wireless Networks is great system for smart home applications as scalability of adding new devices within existing system is very easy, wireless links can be used to transfer both information such as power consumption as well as amount of time usage of appliances and smart plugs can be utilized to on/off devices as per load management, there are several Wireless Technologies, for instance, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) [13], ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 [14] and Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11 [15]. These all have data transfer support, sensing and control system. These protocols can utilize existing system and that makes wireless system ideal for smart homes to manage energy consumption, where sensing nodes within smart homes are mostly battery powered, so low power feature is fundamental requirement for energy consumption of entire house, therefore it is required to choose best wireless protocol that is a key for energy savings. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) operates on 2.4 GHz ISM band with 40 channels, and capable of transferring 1 Mbit/s and the majority of the Bluetooth devices in the market today can support communication up to 10 meters in traditional Bluetooth but BLE may support up to 350 meters of range and beyond.
In the home sensor networks, longer range is required that may fit a normal size of homes as shown in Figure 2, composed of several independent Wireless Home Automation Cells (WHACs), controlled by BLE Master devices which act as Energy Management Unit (EMU) and participate with a smart meter and appliances connected with smart plugs.

Motivation for the Wireless Protocol Choice
The WSHAN's communication system based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) A. Saleem et al.
protocol [13], it is the lowest power consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks communication, low-cost sensors fit for the operation of indoor application [16], it has several reasons to choose BLE as in most of IoT applications, BLE is mostly the first choice because of low cost, low power and small devices for smart homes, unavailability of IEEE 802.15.4 is the main lack of mobile devices such as smartphones, tablet and laptop, moreover, IEEE 802.15.4 faces competition with BLE in terms of low cost and low energy, and Bluetooth consume less energy as compare to ZigBee, therefore, Bluetooth is the first choice for smart home automation.  In the next session, a research has been carried out to find out a comparative analysis in between BLE 4 and BLE 5, and found the BLE 5 has consumed 10% -20% less energy in the same scenario, the reason of the comparative analysis is because BLE 5 based sensors weren't found during the experiments as BLE 5 was the latest release at that time and wasn't widely available, therefore Comparative analysis in between BLE 4 and BLE 5 conducted and chosen BLE 4 for the experiment results.

Overview
An indoor scenario to evaluate the performance of the latest version of BLE 5 as compared to the previous release of BLE 4 which is extensively utilized in every field in wireless communication. BLE 5 is an improved version of BLE with possible expect to make it more reliable in terms of less Power Consumption, wide range and higher data throughput which is already enabling BLE to rule on the Internet of Things to provide best solutions. The outcomes of the experiment are better communication range and throughput with less power consumption as it is being claimed since the release of the BLE 5 and it is achieved by using semiconductor Nordic nRF52840 chipsets. On the other hand BLE 4 is lower version of BLE broadly in used all over the world and found almost every devices such as laptop, tablets, smartphone and many other wireless devices, the recent version of BLE 5 has been released in early 2017, the latest version of the Samsung Galaxy 8 is the world first smartphone with the support of BLE 5. The feature of long-range has actually made BLE 5 highly adaptable of Internet of Things applications. Official announcement says BLE 5 has capability wide range of up to 4 times higher as compared with BLE 4 [18]. The results are led by using BLE 5 and BLE 4 chipset so it will help to find how BLE 5 is efficient in the application as compared to BLE 4 with the same application and environment.

Features of the BLE 5 Technology
The BLE 5 is a newer addition into the BLE family and addresses to comprehensive major problems to its predecessors have, such as limited range of commu- Another big change to BLE 5 is the improvement of communication range with maximum transmission power of BLE from 10 dBm (10 mW) to 20 dBm (100 mW), unfortunately, some regions such as EU, Japan and Korea have imposed restriction on higher transmission power on BLE 5 therefore, higher transmit power does not provide any benefit to that region. BLE 4 has a maximum link layer PDU (Protocol Data Unit) was increased from 39 to 257 octets, which is stayed the same in BLE 5 as well. The co-existence of the devices uses 2.4 GHz has been addressed in BLE 5 by introducing special interface proving signals and messaging mechanisms.
Furthermore, broadcasting channels in BLE 5 has been tremendously improved by introducing an extended advertising feature. The format of advertising packets has been reworked in BLE 5, as BLE 4 was using 37 octets in primary channels however BLE 5 uses 255 octets of PDU as compare to the older version.
Another feature enabled in BLE 5 which is the periodic advertisements, its broadcast the packets with intervals time ranging from 7.5 ms to 82 s so device synchronization with one or even many others several-overlapping advertisement, this feature of BLE 5 increase reliability and efficient solution of data broadcasting than any previous versions of Bluetooth, however both periodic and extended advertisement are options, more importantly, the BLE 5 has backward compatibility with all earlier version of BLE, although all the above features are not necessarily supported, nonetheless, but BLE 5 has the ability to increase communication range, throughput with new modes of operation [18] as BLE claimed to provide up to four times high range, 8 times higher broadcasting capacity and double the bandwidth as shown in Table 1.

Hardware & Software
In the experiment, the very first commercial chipset was used that has the support of BLE 5, the nRF52840 [19] manufactured by Nordic Semiconductor. In the system of the chip (SoC) has been integrated with 2.4 GHz transceiver with ARM Cortex-M4F microcontroller, with programmed of S140 v5.0 soft device which is a pre-compiled and built-in library of BLE protocol developed by Nordic Semiconductor.

Indoor Measurement
The measurement was conducted inside the building in one of the universities, where the scenario as shown in Figure 4   In this experiment, it has been found BLE 4 and BLE 5 with same 9 dBm transmission power and BLE 5 with 10% -20% improvement in communication range. It is important as if BLE 4 and BLE 5 is in use for the same scenarios BLE 4 will consume more power to reach the distance of communication as compared to BLE 5. Therefore, BLE 5 will consume at least 10% -20% less power to send and receive a message to the same scenario with BLE 4.

Non-Automation & Automation Block Diagram
In order to determine energy savings in Presence Aware Power Saving Mode, first step to bring smart home appliances on centralized board so, these appliances could easily be controlled through microcontroller called Arduino Uno Rev3. In order to carry test, two sets of entire similar boards have been devel-

Non-Automation Block Diagram
In order to complete the task, block diagram for the non-automation designed first, it was designed to take comparative analysis task to next level, as if there was only automation board on then there would not have anything to compare with, therefore, two PCB boards were designed side by side with same functionality with only difference on automation board. A block diagram of non-automation is shown in Figure 5.
In the non-automation board, Arduino Uno R3 plays the major role therefore, placed on the middle of the PCB and rest of the modules around it, all modules are connected to Arduino Uno R3 directly. The power is only supplied to the main PCB board at first and then it has energy meter connect to sense what total power is being consumed by the PCB board including all modules on it. There are two more energy meter connects to ESP8266-ESP01 (a Wi-Fi module) and connects to BLE 4.0 SH-HC-08. These three energy meters are connected to monitor energy consumption for BLE 4 SH-HC-08, ESP8266-ESP01 and for the whole PCB including Arduino Uno R3. There are 2 LEDs on board could be switched on/off by given commands through a mobile application connects to SH-HC-08, however, Wi-Fi module is connected to Free IoT platform where it Open Journal of Energy Efficiency sends the current sensor information as well as the status of the loads. Centralized approach has been used to connect home smart appliances to one page which is Arduino Uno R3 and thereafter, it controls home smart appliances centrally.

Automation Block Diagram
Automation block diagram looks a like the non-automation as shows in Fig   It has HC-SR501 PIR Motion Detector, Light Dependent Resistor, DHT 11 Humidity and Temperature Detector. PIR motion detector is used to detect motion around, in automation system. If there is a motion detected around means resident is home therefore, Arduino Uno R3 keeps home appliances ready to use as at any point resident may use it, on the other hand, if there is no motion detected around Arduino sends home smart appliances in switched off mode because no resident home means no smart home appliances to go switch on. LDR or Light Dependent Resistor to detect if it is required to switch lights on/off, during the daylight if there is enough light in the room then light bulb would be kept the switch off until residents intervene directly or through Bluetooth mobile app and want to turn the light on even if doesn't require. DHT 11 Humidity and Temperature detector which helps Arduino Uno R3 to decide to turn Fan or other cooling devices on/off, however, no Fan is connected physically at the moment on the board, finally RTC (Real Time Clock) helps Arduino to get the real-time thereafter, check if there is any schedule has been set up by resident for any particular home appliances, if done so, Arduino Uno R3 turn schedule load on until it finishes its task and turn off itself unless no schedule found to turn the device off.

Proposed Algorithm Flowchart for Automation
A proposed algorithm for the artefact, to aid Arduino Uno R3 to decide when and what situation loads could be sent to switch on/off mode. It is the algorithm Open Journal of Energy Efficiency that plays the most important part to develop "Presence Aware Power Saving Mode (PA-PSM) Enhancement for IoT Devices for Energy Conservation". It is also called automation algorithm which defines the rules and written programming codes accordingly for the Arduino Uno R3 so that it can communicate with the sensors/modules on the board and decide to react accordingly, a flow diagram of automation algorithm given in Figure 7.
Once the programming codes start working on the board, it initializes sensors/modules first, thereafter, the Arduino Uno R3 checks if there is any device scheduled to run at specific time, if the time is due for any scheduled device, Arduino Uno R3 power it up to scheduled device, then continue the loop to go to PIR motion detector and it starts detecting the motion around, this cycle continues until any motion detected, on the other hand, if there is any scheduled device is on either it will finish it running cycle on-off itself or another schedule to turn schedule device off or resident either switch device off manually or by sending commands from mobile phone which it connects through Bluetooth, moreover, motion detectors cycle will continue to detect any motion around, once detects it sends the alert to Arduino, LDR or Light Dependent Resistor detects whether the light is required, if so then Arduino Uno R3 switch the load 1 on. Automation algorithm perform the task from several perspective, for instance, if motion detected it can power up the loads, if no motion detected but resident connects to it through Bluetooth from distant without being detected by PIR, automation algorithm still works and get the command from residents mobile apps connect via Bluetooth, even if there is no motion detection, no connection with Bluetooth to receive commands but resident has schedule any device to switch on a particular time and switch back to off after completing the running cycle, this automation algorithm still perform their task very well in all above scenarios. Since automation board has ESP8266-ESP01 Wi-Fi on board, a future recommendation can be added then these devices could easily be controlled through web or any mobile app connects through the internet and accessing the automation board to control home appliances, controlling home appliances through internet is future proposed work which is easily achievable as ESP8266-ESP01 is already on board.

Testing the Sensors/Operators
After selection of modules, sensors and setting up automation algorithm, in next step all sensors/modules have been tested in simulation mode through Proteus, it was tested basic functionality, connecting the module to Arduino, control through it. Once all available module/sensor tested in simulation mode next step was to design a virtual PCB (Printed Circuit Board) were designed in Proteus, it allows to draw PCB on it with the help of built-in components, draws the path or connection in between modules/sensors and later tests it that all paths or connection in between modules and sensors are correctly defined as per the electronics laws. There is 3D view the PCB designed in Proteus including PCB layout as given in Figure 8.   In order to test hardware in physical mode, a PCB printed out first as shown in Figure 9 thereafter, each operator placed on it and tested through the Arduino controller. In Figure 9,

Main Watts Hours
A comparison graph of non-automation and automation controller given in have consumed 21.67% less energy than non-Automation. In the start of the device running time, the difference is not big in the start but at the end of the graph difference reach up to 10.37 watts which is equal to 21.67%.

SH-HC-08 BLE Watts Hours
"Bluetooth Low Energy Watt Hours" is another comparison graph taken from both non-automation and automation controller, in Figure 11, it can be seen BLE from automation have consumed less energy as compared to the other board, it has consumed 12.75 watts in total duration and that is 8.84 watts less or 40.94% less than the BLE consumed in the non-automation board.

ESP8266 Wi-Fi Watts Hours
ESP8266 Wi-Fi a comparison graph of watts hours is given in Figure 12, the graph looks like the BLE comparison graph, but it has noticed a gap in between is a little closer as compare to BLE. In order to stay connects with the internet,

Experiment 2
The experiment 2 has lengthier than the last experiment, this experiment started at 06:10:33AM and lasted for 11.80 hours which is the longest running time for any experiments, it was for both non-automation and automation controller, this time both controllers left in the TV lounge and still lots of motions were detected. A tabulated data is given in Table 6     Automation Table 9 belongs to the Loads is given, as it is given Load 2 was switched on for time of 11:32:17 which is 97.78% of the total running time of the controllers, however, Load 1 was switched on for the duration of 02:51:38 which is 24.24% of the total running time, average of both loads were 61.01% of total running time which is 36.87% or less time as compare to non-automation loads.
in the start of the automation controller's both loads have a similar duration of running time, however, the differences were starting to reflect after half an hour where load 1 kept off due to in the absence of residents.

Main Watts Hours
A comparison graph as given in Figure 14, non-automation and automation controller from Experiment 2, in the comparative analysis, automation controller has consumed 11.18% less energy than non-automation controller, the difference was minimum at the first few minutes thereafter, difference was gradually improved and automation controller consumed 49.80 watts during the whole duration of 11.80 hours, however non-automation consumed 56.08 watts.
It was the longest running time for any experiments and have seen 11.18% less consumed by the automation controller.

SH-HC-08 BLE Watts Hours
There is another graph given in Figure 15, a comparison in between BLE of non-automation and automation controller, 19.82% less energy consumed by automation controller during the same time as non-automation however, it consumed 23.01 watts of energy as compared to just 18.45 watts by the automation controller, which is 4.56 watts less than BLE from non-automation controller, as it can be seen in the start it was slightly difference but it kept gradually increased up 19.82%.

ESP8266 Wi-Fi Watts Hours
ESP8266 ESP-01 Wi-Fi, a comparison graph from non-automation and automation controller given in Figure 16, the 6.13 watts of difference has been noticed in between. Moreover, 32.51 watts of energy consumed by non-automation and 26.38 watts consumed by ESP8266 in automation controller which is 18.86% less consumption. ESP8266 consumption remains higher as most of the time it stays connected to maintain quality of service.

Load 1 & Load 2
Load 1 and Load 2, a comparison graph in between shows in Figure 17, as it can be seen at the start of the loads and until 10:55 both loads on both controllers were remain switched on most of the time, and some part of the end of the graph shows nearly half of the time both loads on both controllers were on. However, big chunk in between 10:56 to 15:15, automation board has only load 2 was switched on which is based on scheduling, but load 1 which is based on motion detection was switched off in between 10:56 to 15:15 due to unavailability of residents, that big chunk actually help to reduce dramatically. In non-automation both loads were on 1602 times however in automation it was only for 380 times, it is even less than a quarter of the non-automation loads.          several entries to the kitchen and rest of the time the resident was away from the kitchen which kept load 1 usage at the lowest level, however, load 2 in automation controller and both loads from non-automation controller were forced to stay switch on therefore those loads were switched on for maximum time with 99.15% of the total time they were on, in comparison with load 1 in automation based on motion detector was only 3.24% only which is 95.91% less. These benefits were because of the others loads were forced to stay on, however, load 1 based on motion detector got the advantage as resident didn't enter to the kitchen and stayed away most of the time.

Main Watts Hours
A comparison graph of automation and non-automation given, in which x-axis represents to the time and y-axis for watts, as shown in the graph difference is much and in percentage, the difference is 16.04% less than the non-automation controller. In the start of the graph for up to 20 minutes, there wasn't a big difference as shown in Figure 18; however, it was built up slowly and gradually up to 16.04% by the end of the graph. Non-automation board has consumed 50.72 watts of energy during the whole running time of the controller. However, automation controller consumed 42.58 watts of energy which is 8.14 watts less.

SH-HC-08 BLE Watts Hours
In the same way, a comparison graph of SH-HC-08 from both non-automation and automation controller are shown in Figure 19, BLE from automation con-

ESP8266 Wi-Fi Watts Hours
A comparison graph of the ESP8266 Wi-Fi watts hour is given in Figure 20, the graph shows that ESP8266 from non-automation controller consumed 25.82 watts in total duration, however, ESP8266 from automation consumed 20.81 watts which is 19.40% less, in automation ESP8266 consumption can also be pulled down by sending them into switch off mode while no resident home, but in future recommendation as willing to send and receive commands through web to control these controllers than ESP8266 could never be sent to switch off mode at the anytime users may want to control through web.

Load 1 & Load 2
It has explained earlier that the Experiment 3 conducted during the night, however, load 1, load 2 from non-automation controller and load 2 from automation controller were forced to stay on, however, load 1 from automation controller relied on motion detector and only 2 various occasions activity has been noticed and rest of the time only the load were switched on those were forced to do so which was switched on by sending BLE commands through mobile apps connected to via Bluetooth. In the non-automation controller, both loads were on 1349 occasion here loads from automation were remained switch on just only 35 occasions as shown in Figure 21.

Temperature by DHT11
The graph shown in Figure 22 belongs to the automation controller. A DHT11 mounted on the board to get the current temperature from the area where au- It is for only future recommendation to add new load 3 put on the controller so it can switch on the room temperature controller load which could be a fan and/or heater. It may help to control room temperature by setting up a threshold

Outcomes
In order to get better results, series of experiment conducted, however three experiments selected in and have shown individually with the results and outcome, as have explained earlier out of 2 loads only a Load 1 was controlled through motion detector sensor, while Load 2 was controlled through either scheduled by resident or directly switch on/off by sending command through mobile to controller. the total average of savings got here is most of the saved by Load 1, if Load 2 was also set with same rules as per Load 1 could have increase savings further, another table is given shows the total percentage of switch off time for the loads, represents savings of time in percentage.
In Table 14 that shows a summary of all 3 experiments of loads from the non-automation controller, these loads were controlled through human intervention by sending commands through Bluetooth Low Energy, non-automation controller completely relies on human intervention. The loads could only be   Table 15 shown that belongs to the automation controller.
In Table 15

Conclusion
Researchers are continuously bringing new smart devices and paying highest attention toward the Internet of Things (IoT) to develop new devices by enabling Artificial Intelligence in, and it is to help digital system to interact with the real environment of the world without human intervention and/or minimizing human interaction at the lowest level. The computer researchers believe that a gigantic volume of interconnected smart devices produce a massive amount of data to help to provide best services to human society [26]. Therefore, in [27] [28] researchers believe in the near future 50 -200 bn interconnected smart devices will be able to serve human society by 2020. Moreover, these devices will be running by energy means; it will also increase huge energy consumption. Therefore, researchers need to pay attention to reducing the energy consumption of IoT devices as much as possible to reduce down energy cost and energy scarcity. Therefore, "Presence Aware Power Saving Mode (PA-PSM) Enhancement for IoT Devices for Energy Conservation", has been proposed which help to reduce energy consumption by 25.81% in smart devices in smart home network.
The proposed system utilizes BLE 5.0 to maintain the smart home network, in which sensors find human presence and keep devices in working mode nearby human and the rest of smart devices stay inactive or deep sleep mode. The non-automation and automation controllers built and conducted a series of experiments and results have suggested that 25.81% of the running time the loads were in switched off mode. This result has been achieved because of a proposed algorithm helped to reduce energy consumption in smart homes. A proposed algorithm, several sensors including BLE and Wi-Fi altogether makes Presence Aware Power Saving Mode (PA-PSM) enhancement for IoT devices for energy conservation, to reduce energy consumption in individual devices in smart homes. Sensors find human presence within home then sends information to controller and it sends devices to switch on mode else keeps switch-off mode to save energy, as in [27] [28], research suggested 50 -200 bn of devices would be connected to IoT therefore, an average of approx. 7 devices per head as per 50 bn smart devices/7.7bn human population [29]. According to research, nearly 7 smart devices would be connected to the single smart home and the propose system may help to reduce nearly 25.81% of the energy consumed by smart devices within the smart home.