Research on Urban Community Public Space Design Based on Children’s Psychological Needs—A Case Study and Survey of Chengdu Yulin East Road

Viewing from the theory of child psychology, there is close connection between space environment and psychological development. Community public space, as children’s after-school micro-environment, is an important place for the shaping of cognitive ability, personality and social process. Based on this background, taking the communities of Yulin East Road in Wuhou District of Chengdu as the research object, within the radius of one kilometer radiation centered on Yulin East Road, this paper conducted a survey on the current situation of street space, square space and courtyard space and found that there is inadequate recreational facilities in current spaces, together with the unreasonable traffic layout, which cannot meet the various needs of children. In the end, the planning suggestions are proposed based on the different scales of spaces. Children are the major concerns in the urban development. The introduction of child developmental psychology into the design of urban open spaces, it should become an urgent need for the reshaping of the vitality of urban open spaces and the recovery of children’s rights.

friendly city. As a milestone of transition from increment to inventory, urban planning in the new era pays more attention to the guiding role of social public policy, it requires that the interests of vulnerable groups in society should be actively safeguarded. In 1996, the concept of "child-friendly cities" was first put forward at the Second UN Conference on Human Settlements. It suggested that the basic needs of children should be incorporated into the planning of districts or cities to fulfill children's needs and rights on environment, society and psychology, to provide a beneficial social and spatial environment for children, so as to help them develop their own creativity and achieve the healthy development of individuality [1]. Children are an important component of the city and the public open spaces are the main places for children to play and make friends, while the current urban public space cannot meet such a need for children [2].
As a new planning unit, "community" belongs to the basis of urban infrastructure planning and guides the design of public space at different scales. Based on the psychological needs of children, this paper investigates the public space of Yulin East Road Community in Chengdu, and makes some reform and design according to this conclusion, further more gives some suggestions in the perspective of planning.

Study Scope
The survey area of this study is located in the Yulin Road area of Wuhou District in Chengdu. The specific scope of this study is limited within one kilometer radiation circle centered on the typical Yulin East Road (as shown in Figure 1). The field research is conducted for the community public open space within the scope.  Stage of sense-locomotor development: During this period, babies always achieve their development through constant feedback. For example, their eyes can perceive the movement of the hands, having fun on it and giving feedback to brain, keeping hands moving continuously in order to continue to perceive.

Research Methods and Technical Route
The way of mother-centered parenting. Children need the accompany of adults to explore the world by grasping, crawling and walking. Start the initial game activities, or objects or toys, with less imaginary components in the games.
Age 3 -5, 6 (earlychildhood) Period of Subjectivity or Personality: In order to break away from the situation that they recognize themselves difficultly, there emerged three stages among children. In the first stage, the game of alternating roles begins to disappear, and children would like to be self-important; in the second stage, children have a new need, that is, to show off themselves and to let others acknowledge their advantages; in the third stage, there comes a new transition, the advantages finding from the children cannot satisfy themselves any more, they need to realize self-decoration through the advantages of others.
With the capability to move independently, the children are active, but usually they need the accompany of their parents. They are good at simple and safe games. They like creative handwork and activity-based games etc. There are great demand for outdoor activities. Children like to play with peers and their interests in games are gradually replaced by sports with the enhancement of competitive awareness and more greater interests in intellectual activities.
Age 12 -18 (teenager) Teenager stage: The psychological tendencies are transferred from external things to inner world, from the cognition of external world to the experience of self-personality.
With strong ability of independent thinking and behaving, the children like competitive sports and popular physical training, which have certain risks and challenges. It starts to turn to cultural, recreational activities, together with all-round development of thinking ability.

Children's Needs for Games and Time in Different Age Stages
Children of different ages have different types of game and game mode, so their time and psychological needs will be different. Therefore, the following table integrates the needs of children of different ages for the types of games and playtime (Table 2).

Findings
Through the field survey within the study scope, three scales are divided, which include: street space, square space and courtyard space, it analyzed the current status of the three types of spaces.  own characteristics of the streets. As the most widely distributed public space in the city, street space is an important part of urban public space, which brings a great impact on the image of the city. Street space, as a linear space, which integrated the characteristics of "dynamic" and "continuing" and the people who move in this kind of space always have a feeling of being driven and guided.

Current Status Analysis of Street
Moving from one junction to another, the extension from the beginning to the end of the space strengthens the continuity of people's behavior and psychology [4].

Current Analysis of Courtyard Space
The

Planning of Street Space
Streets and alleys are the only ways which must be passed by residents, including

Overall Consideration and Reasonable Layout
Children's playing space on street is an important part of children's outdoor activity space. Reasonable planning and arrangement will improve the quality of children's outdoor activities [7]. The choice of street playing space is closely related to the status of streets in the whole community transportation system, the width of streets themselves, the relationship with residential areas and the loca- All in all, the street playing space should be systematic and holistic in the determination of the overall structure relationship, the distribution of entertainment venues and the creation of playing space.

Safety Control
Safety Control is an unavoidable important issue for street playing, and it is also the key point of the design. Considering the security control of street games, the playing space should be set up based on different road levels. Generally speaking, we should control the traffic volume of cars to 30 or less per hour and the speed to 10 kilometers per hour or less on the streets for children playing. If any street which will reduce the traffic and speed below this standard, it can be used as a street for children playing. On the contrary, we should arrange the playing space reasonably according to the activity rule of children, while setting up the game facilities and entertainment venues, ensure the safety of the space and design the corresponding protective facilities. For some urban expressways, we should try our best to reduce the interest that will attract the children for staying and playing, so as to avoid traffic accidents. In the design of street playing space for children, combining with the potential child game lines and the space types around streets and alleys, it will be taken as another key point in the design of street playing space to observe and investigate children's living habits and their activities in the street, to rationally combine game facilities, to coordinate their decentralization and centralized layout, and to create a game space corresponds to the psychological characteristics of children.

Improving Traffic Quality and Stimulating Potential Vitality of
Blocks The traffic quality of the blocks directly affects children's outdoor activities.
There are three strategies will be applied to improve the block traffic: one is to completely block the traffic in the children's playground; the other is to partially block the traffic and only the central functional zone is allow it to passed through; the third one is that the traffic won't be blocked, instead, with the organization and planning of the traffic at this time to start with the planning of the children's playing environment. A spacious boulevard will be set up. It mainly provides comfortable recreational space for parents who are accompanying with children and ensuring children's play and safety.

Planning of Courtyard Space
The courtyard space is a place close to the residential area of the community, with small spatial scale. We should first meet the needs of children's safety and avoid the affecting of obstacles in the space on children's activities [8]. For the newly built courtyard space, all of the factors such as overall and local sizes, natural and material environment, interaction between children and other groups, and social and public policies will be considered as a whole. Entertainment facilities such as "Tree Room Nest"-Private semi-circular seats, surrounded by existing large trees can be set up around suitable scales of corners or vegetation.
Children can climb, wander and jump in the tree house according to the fluctuation of height in the network system to challenge height and sensitivity. Set aside a certain space for vegetation planting platform for child participation and Parenting. For the old residential areas, we need to take into account the location choice, layout mode, service radius, accessibility and other elements of space. At the same time, we need to consider the current status and needs of children, and build a multi-functional, hierarchical and scaled activity space to improve the layout of public space in the old residential areas.

Conclusion
The constructed at the psychological level [9]. Some self-management environment should be reserved for children to enhance their sense of place identity. For example, free toys are placed at children playgrounds for their free entertainment.
Encouraging the public participation of children and empowering them with the right of environmental management for the enhancement of their place identity.
The public activity space of the community is a kind of extra-curricular activity space outside of children's learning. Its space environment has an important influence on children's psychological development. The outdoor activity space of the community is one of the space types with the highest accessible for children, while the outdoor space of Yulin community lacks suitable places for children's recreation and entertainment. In addition to the above design suggestions for the centralized space, children's place identity for the community should also be constructed at the psychological level [9]. Some self-management environment should be reserved for children to enhance their sense of place identity. For example, free toys are placed at children playgrounds for their free entertainment.
Encouraging the public participation of children and empowering them with the right of environmental management for the enhancement of their place identity.
As a designer in the new era, it has been our continuous goal to focus on and strive for the children's psychological needs and design a community public space which will safeguard the safety use of children. As a designer in the new era, it has been our continuous goal to focus on and strive for the children's psychological needs and design a community public space which will safeguard the safety use of children.

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.