Synthesis of Polyacethylenes and Polysaccharides by Mushroom Ganoderma Lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst and Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm

The purpose of the present work was to study the biosynthesis of various compounds of basidial xylotrophic mushroom Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus, which were taken to the pure culture from the fruit body of the mushroom living on hornbeam and beech. Shown, that mushroom can synthesize various substances, which composed includes fractions differing in functionality. Among the found fractions, one relates to the polyacetylene (PA), which are characterized by a high degree of unsaturation, contain many double and triple bonds, and are well absorbed in the ultraviolet range.


Introduction
One of the strategic directions for development of biologically active substances is targeted synthesis of natural compound [1] [2] or their synthetic analogues, and of these natural polyacetylen compounds are the main ones [3].
The development of new methods for the synthesis of natural polyacetylene compounds by chemical and microbiological methods [1] opens big perspective for their use in the targeted synthesis of practically valuable substances, which are actual. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology Now, studies in this direction continue to attract attention of a wide number of researchers, chemists-organists, bioorganists and chemists, as well as different profile biologists [2] [4]. From scientific and applied approaches, this direction is perspective one. Therefore, the development of effective methods of polyacetylen compounds synthesis [5] based on available raw products is an actual task.
It's known that basidomycetes are the source of the whole line of biologically active compounds proteins, lipids, polysaccharide, organic acids, enzymes, vitamins and etc., most of which are biologically active substances and compared to the chemical synthesis products are less toxic and more effective ones [6] [7] [8] [9]. The most expressed ones among them are Polysaccharides (PS) [10] [11] [12] and Polyaccetylens (PA) [5], and the last one consists of a lot of reactions able conjugated double and triple bonds. Use basidomycets as a source of PA compounds and PS is a very perspective way, because it gives a chance for their further use to obtain biologically active drugs, which can be used in medicine [13] [14] [15].
Due to widespread of basidial fungi in Azerbaijan [16], the purpose of this work is studying the biosynthesis of polyacetylen compounds by basidial fungi Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus.

Materials and Methods
During the work, xylothrophic basidial fungi Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus were used. They were distinguished into the pure culture from the fruit bodies of fungi located on hornbeam and beech, in forest ecosystems of Azerbaijan Republic.
Fungi were grown by method of deep cultivation in glucose-peptone medium under 28˚C. Biomass of fungi formed in 7 days, was separated from cultural fluid, crumbled up and extracted by water and acetic acid ethyl ether. Received extracts were analyzed by different methods.

Results and Discussions
Results of EFC and RFAFC researches on water and ether extracts received after processing of biomass of correspondent basidial fungi (Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus) were introduced in Table 1 and Figure 1 and Figure 2.
It was identified that there is a big similarity between results received in case of signed types of fungi. In both cases by characters of RFAFC chromatograms it is possible to consider that analyzed products consist of mix of fractions of two different types of compounds. As the first fraction was fixed simultaneously either by refract meter (curve а and а I , picks 1) and by UV detector with multiplet    identified. For example, content of PA in ME extract reaches to 70% (Ganoderma lucidum), and quantity of oligosaccharides, in this case, reaches only to 10%. In case of water extracts contrary was identified i.e. only 6% of PA fraction is fixed, but to 80% of fraction of PS with different values of M n (Table 1) Thus, the results of researches on the process of biosynthesis identify opportunities of tested fungus to synthesize PA and PS, which can be used for medical purposes. In addition to that, the developed chromatographic condition allows controlling the cultivation conditions, consistently over the composition and structure of the biosynthesis products.

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.