The New Trend of Trade Protectionism in the Post-Financial Crisis Era and Countermeasures of China

Based on database of trade protection measures of GTA (Global Trade Alert), this paper attends to analyze the new trend of trade protectionism in the post-financial crisis era as well as the protection measures that China faced with. The analyzing results appeal that the number of trade protection measures increase rapidly with several new features, which reflects a new trend of global trade protectionism. China is the biggest victim in face of it. In respond to New Trade Protectionism, the paper proposes countermeasures in five respects.

. At present, the road to recovery of the global economy is not smooth, which determines that the impact of new trade protectionism on China will exist for a long time. Therefore, the characteristics and trends of the post-financial crisis era world and the trade protection measures against China not only help to better cope with the endless and complicated trade frictions, but also formulate coping strategies and help stabilize and expand. China's exports will strengthen the growth momentum of China's export trade during the deep-water period of reform and opening. Based on the Global Trade Alert's Global Trade Database, this paper systematically describes the new characteristics and trends of world trade protectionism in the post-financial crisis era, and proposes China's response strategies accordingly.
The GTA database is divided into three categories for each trade protection measure based on its impact on foreign commercial interests: Red, Amber, and Green. Table 1 shows the three-color coded classification standard interpretation.
After the financial crisis broke out, trade protectionism came back. Table 2 shows that trade protectionism has not converged with the end of the financial crisis, but has remained at a high level in 2009 for several years, peaked in 2015, and then declined. The trend of the number of yellow and red measures involving discrimination against foreign commercial interests is also roughly the same, with more than 1200 tariff lines affected.
It is worth noting that among these measures, the measures coded in red each year account for the majority, meaning that most countries take more proactive measures to violate the interests of other countries to implement trade protectionism rather than passively responding. Trade protection measures in other countries. Table 1. Color coding of protectionist measures in the database.
Color coding Criteria

Red
The measure has been implemented and almost certainly discriminates against foreign commercial interests.

Amber
1) The measure has been implemented and may involve discrimination against foreign commercial interests; OR 2) The measure has been announced or is under consideration and would (if implemented) almost certainly involve discrimination against foreign commercial interests.

Literature Review and Research Method
According to the existing research results, this paper adopts the method of descriptive statistics analysis aiming at accurately analyzing the new trend of trade protectionism in the post-financial crisis era as well as the protection measures that China faced with.

China Is the Biggest Victim
From the data of ten years in Table 4, developed countries are both the leader of trade protection and the main targets for implementation of these measures.

A Wide Variety of Trade Protection Measures
According to the classification of GTA, these measures can be divided into state aid, competitive devaluation, consumption subsidies, export subsidies, export taxes or restrictions, import bans, import subsidies, intellectual property protection, investment measures, local content requirements, immigration measures, public procurement, health and quarantine measures, technical barriers to trade, tariff measures, trade remedies, non-tariff barriers, quotas, trade finance, and others (The 11th GTA Report, 2012) [9].    Table 6 shows interventions in the inspect of department. From the perspective of the industry, trade protection occurs mostly in industries with less global industry linkages. In the era of economic globalization, the international production network has been formed and expanded, making the economy of all countries "difficult to divide". "One glory and one loss" has made trade protection more rational among countries. The frequency of global trade protection in different industries is closely related to the industry's global relevance. In general, trade protection occurs mostly in industries with less global relevance.

Products of Iron or Steel Is the Most Affected Department
The above describes the relationship between industry linkage and trade protection, but further from the perspective of industry, this trend is more obvious.
The office equipment and computer industry, radio, television and communication equipment industries have high foreign intermediate use rates, so the global value chain is highly correlated. In contrast, the basic chemicals industry, the base metal products industry, agriculture and meat the agricultural products industry such as fish, fruits and vegetables have a low degree of relevance.
China is far more than other countries, and the red and yellow measures that in-

Distribution of Trade Protection Measures
From November 2008 to December 2018, China suffered a total of 11,277 discriminatory trade protection measures from 142 countries around the world.

Distribution of Trade Protection Measures
The    Table 9.    To sum up, China must unswervingly deepen reforms and adhere to development, support the establishment and transformation of strategic emerging industries, continuously improve its "hard power", improve its position and voice in the global trading system, and maintain International economic and trade order. In this process, it is inevitable that there will be many obstacles to

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.