The Evolution of Theisms: The Four Technological Revolutions and the Four Theistic Revolutions

This paper posits that in the evolution of theisms, the main function of theism is to pacify enlarged social structure derived from technological revolution. Therefore, the four technological revolutions (the Upper Paleolithic, Agricultural-Bronze, Iron, and Industrial Revolutions) produce the four enlarged social structures (linked egalitarian bands, decentralized union of hierarchical states, mega centralized empire, and global human community, respectively) whose internal conflicts to be pacified by the four theistic revolutions (the Egalitarian Band, Pluralistic State, Top-down Imperial, and Bottom-up Community Theistic Revolutions, respectively, for the egalitarian band, pluralistic state, top-down imperial, and bottom-up community theisms, respectively). This paper deals with the evolution of theisms in accordance of a biological understanding of evolution in terms of natural selection. For natural selection of the evolution of theisms through individual human innovations, theism better adapted to their environment, mainly, the technological revolution, tends to survive and propagate. In conclusion, biological evolution, the evolution of theisms, and bottom-up community theism are bottom-up processes involving bottom-up organisms’ efforts.


Introduction
In the Robert Bellah's religious evolution [1], the stages of religious development follow the evolution of societies moving from the less to the more complex. However, the Bellah's religious evolution does not specify the mechanism of evolution as in biological evolution. According to Ernst Mayr [2], biological evolution is a two-step process consisting of genetic mutation to produce genetic variants and natural selection to select well-adapted genetic variants. For natural selection of biological evolution through individual genetic mutations, organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. Therefore, in accordance with a biological understanding of evolution, religious evolution requires natural selection to select well-adapted religions throughout history. In "The Emergence and Evolution of Religion: By Means of Natural Selection" by Jonathan H. Turner Alexandra Maryanski, Anders Klostergaard Petersen, and Armin W. Geertz [3], in addition to Darwinian natural selection, which can explain the biology and neurology of religion, the book outlines a set of four additional types of sociocultural natural selection that can explain the origin of religion and the evolution of religion over the last 200,000 years of societal evolution. In "Religious Speciation: How Religions Evolve" by Ina Wunn and Davina Grojnowski [4], the evolution of religions is described as the adaptive modification of religions in accordance of a biological understanding of evolution.
These two books describe the evolution of religions and sociocultural environ- Revolutions). Therefore, in this paper, the three main objects are the evolution of theisms, the four technological revolutions, and the four theistic revolutions.
This paper deals with the evolution of theisms in accordance of a biological understanding of evolution. This paper posits that in the evolution of theisms, the main function of theism is to pacify enlarged social structure derived from technological revolution. An initial social structure with simple technology is converted into a transitional social structure with complex technology through technological revolution. Complex technology induces enlarged network for the production-marketing of complex technology, and produces technology driven enlarged social structure. The enlarged social structure as the combination of small social structures inevitably produces internal conflict from conflicting small social structures, resulting in disordered enlarged social structure. Such internal conflicted is pacified by pacifying theism derived from theistic revolution as in Equation (1 Like the evolution of biological species based on biological genes, the evolution of theisms is based on theistic genes. For biological gens in terms of DNA, the four bases are four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). The order of the positions of these chemical bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism. This paper posits that the four mental bases for theistic genes are instinct (the instinctive mental protection system) [5], empiricism (observation-experience), theistic imagination (theistic theory of mind), and rationalism (rational system). The mental bases are classified in terms of priority: strong (high priority), medium (middle priority) and weak (low priority). Different theisms have different order of mental bases in terms of priority. The mechanism of evolution is natural selection. For natural selection of the evolution of biological species through individual genetic mutations, organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. For natural selection of the evolution of theisms through individual innovations, theism better adapted to their environment, mainly, technological revolution, tend to survive and propagate as in Table 1.
Like in biological taxonomy, theistic taxonomy has kingdom, phylum, class, Table 1. The evolution of biological species and the evolution of theisms.

The Four Bases in the Theistic Genes
In this paper, the four based in the theistic genes are instinct (the instinctive mental protection system) [5], empiricism (observation-experience), theistic imagination (theistic theory of mind), and rationalism (rational system). The mental bases are classified in terms of priority: strong (high priority), medium (middle priority) and weak (low priority). Different theistic species have different order of mental bases in terms of priority.

The Instinct: The Mental Protection System
The instinct is based on the mental protection system consisting of the social brain and the mental immune system to protect members of society and self, respectively, from harm [5]. The social brain consists of sociality for intragroup relations and worldview for intergroup relations. In the social brain, sociality for  Interdependent relation benefits vulnerable specialists against handicaps by forming specialist group from specialists whose relations dependent on existential division of labor [10] [11]. The early hominins formed the interdependent specialists groups consisting of the forest group of homemaker-forager for women and children and the woodland group of explorer-forager for men in the mixed forest-woodland habitat. The handicap was the feet which were still suitable for climbing trees, and not suitable to walk long distance and run fast on the ground especially for pregnant women and small children in woodland area. Later, the division of labor became gatherer-hunter in open savanna habitat. Generativity relation benefits future generations by forming multiple-generation group whose relations depend on legacy [12] [13] [14] [15]. Unlike great apes, infertile women have long life after menopause allows multiple generations to live together. The caring of infertile women after menopause for their grandchildren and great-grandchildren is the base of legacy. The four sociality relations are collectivistic relation from kin-friends to benefit vulnerable children through commitment, individualistic relation from allies to benefit vulnerable individuals through reciprocity, interdependent relation from specialists to benefit vulnerable specialists through division of labor, and generativity relation from multiple generations to benefit vulnerable future generations through legacy as in Table 3.
In the social brain, worldview is for intergroup relations based on ingroup and outgroup. In ingroup, individuals have similar interests and outlooks, and produce the feeling of connection among them [16]. Individuals in outgroup outside the boundary of one's own group are different in interests and outlook, and produce the feeling of zero-sum competition toward outgroup. The proper behavior as morality toward ingroup is cooperation, whereas the proper behavior toward outgroup is zero-sum competition [17]. Such ingroup-outgroup boundary instinct appears even in infants at few months old [18]. Worldview relations include territorial relation for ingroup-outgroup intergroup with clear boundary between ingroup and outgroup, competitive relation for outgroup-like intergroup without clear boundary between ingroup and outgroup, and cooperative relation for ingroup-like intergroup without clear boundary between ingroup and outgroup as shown in Table 4. Open Journal of Social Sciences The immune system is a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to provide countermeasures against harmful invaders (pathogens). Different immune subsystems provide different countermeasures against different harmful invaders. The balanced immune system has the immune system regulators to balance the activities of the immune system. As the highly imbalanced immune system without the proper immune system regulators, the overactive immune system causes allergies and auto immune diseases as physical disorders against ubiquitous harmful and harmless detected invaders. In the same way, in the mental immune system [5], the different mental immune subsystems provide the different countermeasures against different adversities. The balanced mental immune system has the mental immune system regulators to balance the activities of the mental immune system. As the highly imbalanced mental immune system without the proper mental immune system regulators, the overactive mental immune system causes mental allergies and auto immune diseases as personality-mental disorders against ubiquitous harmful and harmless perceived adversities. The instinctive mental countermeasures in the mental immune system include comforter against hardship, hyperactivity against danger, and phobia and rationality against unfamiliarity-uncertainty. Each countermeasure has its regulator to avoid excess countermeasure. The excessive countermeasure without balancing by the regulator leads to the personality disorder. The mental immune system is instinctive, because it is mediated by neurotransmitters as in Table 5.

Empiricism and Rationalism
Empiricism maintains that human knowledge comes from experiences gathered through the five senses. According to empiricists, our learning is based on our observation-experience. Empiricism is an important part of the scientific method because theories and hypotheses must be observed and tested to be considered  year ago when theism started.
Rationalism maintains that some human knowledge is gained through a priori (prior to experience), or innate idea as distinct from sense experience. Rationalism and empiricism are the direct opposite of each other. Rationalism is the belief in innate ideas, reason, and deduction, while empiricism is the belief in sense perception, induction, and that there are no innate ideas.

Theistic Imagination
Theistic imagination is the imagination about supernatural which has its own mind. Theistic imagination is based on theistic theory of mind that imagines a supernatural with its own mind. Theory of mind is to recognize (imagine) that the others exist to think for themselves. Theory of mind is the evolutionary origin of religions. According to Kapogiannis and Deshpande in the functional MRI study of the brains of both self-declared religious and non-religious individuals, individuals with stronger theory of mind activity were found to be more religious [19]. Autism with the deficits in theory of mind is linked to lower belief in God [20]. Thinking about God activates brain regions associated with theory of mind [21]. Robust religion is unique to humans, because robust theory of mind is unique to humans [22]. According to Maurice Bloch [23], the first widespread human religion was derived from the imagination to produce imaginary female figurines and imaginary cave paintings to helps them to survive under existential pressure at the time of the Upper Paleolithic Revolution [24].
As shown in the previous paper [24], theory of mind was not evolved origi-

Irreligious Pre-Theism, Egalitarian Band Theism, and Pluralistic State Theism
The evolution of theism starts with the initial social structure, egalitarian band

Irreligious Pre-Theism: Egalitarian Band
The evolution of theisms starts from pre-theism with the band social structure around 200,000 years ago to the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic Period about 40,000 year ago. A band society of hunter-gatherers is the simplest form of human society. A band generally consists of a small group ranging from 30 to 50 people [28]. Their power structure is egalitarian. The cooperative behaviors in a band, however, are not entirely derived from kin relation. Hill and colleagues found that the bands in their dataset are not composed mainly of close kin [29].
Bands are mainly composed of individuals either distantly related by kinship and/or marriage or unrelated altogether. In their sample of 32 societies, primary kin generally make up less than 10% of a residential band. They found that hunter-gatherers display a unique social structure where 1) either sex may disperse or remain in their natal group, 2) adult brothers and sisters often co-reside, and 3) most individuals in residential groups are genetically unrelated.
Therefore, in terms of the social brain, individualistic sociality to form alliance group is much more important than collectivistic sociality to form kinship group for the human band social structure. The human social brain can manage the social group size of about 150 people (Dunbar's Number) [30], so people in a band from 30 to 50 people can deal with several bands at the same time.
The theism is irreligious pre-theism with no evidence for extensive religious practice [31]. In terms of the four mental bases, pre-theism had strong instinct, strong empiricism, weak theistic imagination, and weak rationalism. Instinct and empiricism were good enough for their survival without significant theistic imagination and rationalism. The pre-historic band society may be similar to the modern Bushman in African's Kalahari Desert as described by Marshall Sahlins' "The Original Affluent Society" [32]. It is egalitarian and peaceful. The hunt-

Egalitarian Band Theism: Linked Egalitarian Bands
The

Pluralistic State Theism: Decentralized Union of Hierarchical States
The Agricultural-bronze technology is much more complex than hunting-gathering technology, resulting in enlarged network for the production-marketing of agriculture-bronze. Such enlarged network for the production-marketing of agriculture-bronze brought about agriculture-bronze technology driven enlarged social structures such as small tribes and city states. The social structure of tribe or city state was hierarchical, while the social structure of linked egalitarian bands was egalitarian. Egalitarianism from egalitarian band theism became the cause for the internal conflict of small tribes and city states, resulting in disordered enlarged social structure. The disordered social structure was pacified by hierarchical state theism, including ancestor worship and high gods. Ancestor worship is defined as belief that the spirits of ancestors remain active in another realm where they may influence the living, and can be influenced by the living [42]. Ancestor worship allowed the hierarchical social structure to be inherited.
"High gods" is defined as single, all-powerful creator deities who may be active in human affairs and supportive of human morality [43]. Ancestor worship and high gods appointed hierarchical social structures. Each tribe and city state had one dominant ancestor or high god.
A single tribe or city state was in the agricultural-bronze technology driven enlarged social structure containing many other tribes or city states. The result was the decentralized union of hierarchical states. The union could be the alliance of states or a mid-size overlord empire with a number of client states. At that time, no single state was strong enough from available technologies to centralize the powers in the union. The lack of centralized power was manifested in pluralistic state theism with polytheism which could be natural polytheism with many natural objects as deities or personal polytheism with many person-like deities. Therefore, the social structure enlargement to decentralized union of hierarchical states derived from the Agricultural-Bronze Revolution was pacified by pluralistic state theism which had hierarchical high deities to pacify the internal conflict due to egalitarianism from egalitarian band theism as in the Equation below.  [46]. In terms of the four mental based in the theistic genes, pluralistic state theism has medium instinct, medium empiricism, medium theistic imagination, and weak rationalism.

Top-Down Imperial Theism: Mega Centralized Empire
The Iron Age (the Iron Revolution) started between 1200 BC and 600 BC, depending on the region. Iron is tougher and lighter than bronze and was used to make much better sharp objects like spears, swords, and sharp tools than bronze.
The source for iron was much more abundant than bronze. Through the Iron Therefore, the social structure enlargement to mega centralized empire derived

Personal Monotheism: Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
For personal monotheism, the simulated top-down mega emperor in mega centralized empire is the top-down mega supernatural leader. The earliest mega centralized empire with top-down imperial theism is the Persian Empire (550 -330 BC) with personal monotheism which is monotheistic Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism was found by the prophet Zoroaster traditionally dated to the 6 th century BC in the Iron Age after and during the time of the mega centralized neo-Assyrian and neo-Babylonian empires. Polytheism did not work well in mega centralized empire, resulting in the rise of personal monotheism. Zoroastrians believe in one God, called Ahura Mazda (meaning "Wise Lord"). He is compassionate, just, and is the creator of the universe. Zoroaster placed less emphasis on ritual worship, instead focusing on the central ethics of 'Good Words, Good Thoughts and Good Deeds'. The creator became the simulated mega benevolent emperor. The failure of polytheism as the alliance of deities for the alliance of states led to the development of personal monotheism in Israel and Judah. In 722 BC, Israel was defeated by the mega Assyria Empire which was strong enough to defeat various states with enormously destructive army and iron weapons. Israelites witnessed the failure of polytheism with the alliance of deities for the alliance of states. No alliance could defeat the mega Assyria Empire who looked down at all local deities. To some Israelites, the only salvation was to convert the local deity of Yahweh into the mega universal deity of Yahweh who had the power over all earthly empires. The mega universal deity of Yahweh was the only answer to oppose the mega emperor of the mega Assyrian Empire [49]. The mega universal deity was monotheism. Some of the refugees who fled from Israel to Judah brought with them the Yahweh only monotheism to Judah, and convinced some very influential people to believe in monotheism replacing polytheism. Several kings in Judah became the strong supporters of monotheism. To the believers of monotheism, the practice of polytheism by Israelites was the reason for the defeat and suffering of Israelites as the punishment by monotheistic Yahweh. However, Yahweh, the universal deity, would not abandon Israel-Judah, and one day Israel-Judah would rise again under monotheistic Yahweh. Judaism is very restrictive with various rules and traditions. Christianity with much less rules and traditions is basically a broaden Judaism appealing to all people, and maintains monotheism to appeal to mega centralized empires. Eventually, the mega centralized Roman Empire adopted Christianity as the state religion. Islam is another personal monotheism suitable to mega centralized empires. Among the four mental bases for personal monotheism, the strongest base is theistic imagination with theistic theory of mind that images the universal deity with its own mind. Consequently, instinct for the instinctive mental protection system (the social brain and the mental immune system) is medium, and empiricism for observation-experience is weak. Rationalism base is medium to form a rational system for the universal deity. The 10 commandments in the Bible are as follows.
1) You shall have no other Gods before me 2) You shall not make for yourselves an idol 3) You shall not misuse the name of the LORD your God 4) Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy 5) Honor your father and your mother 6) You shall not murder 7) You shall not commit adultery 8) You shall not steal 9) You shall not give false testimony 10) You shall not covet The first four commandments are derived from theistic imagination. The fifth commandment is in collectivistic sociality for kin group in the instinctive social brain. The last five commandments are in individualistic sociality for alliance group in the instinctive social brain. In personal monotheism, God becomes heavenly parent for individual believers. In the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), God is assumed implicitly or explicitly as heavenly parent, while the believers are God's children. In the Abrahamic religions, the mental immune system of adult believers relies on heavenly parent as that the mental immune system of dependent children relies on parents. To dependent child, committed parents are the protector against danger, the authority against unfamiliarity-uncertainty, and the love against hardship. To the adult believers in the Abrahamic religions, heavenly parent provides the protection against danger, the authority against unfamiliarity-uncertainty, and the love against hardship. The heavenly parental protection in the form of miraculous salvation is the religious hyperactivity as The heavenly maternal-like love is the religious comforter as the countermeasure against hardship. For the Abrahamic religions, God is love. Whenever the believers face adversities, the believers seek relentlessly for the heavenly miraculous salvation against danger, the heavenly authority against unfamiliarity-uncertainty, and the heavenly love against hardship. As for small children, the religious immune system in the Abrahamic religions started with the unregulated immune system without any delayed gratification. The impatient believers want the religious countermeasures at once. There are many stories about such unregulated religious countermeasures in the Abrahamic religions. For examples, in the long journey from Egypt to the Promise Land, Israelites frequently complained, and wanted immediate miraculous salvation without delay as what infants normally do. Inevitably, God taught Israelites to wait for the right time with delayed gratification. God the heavenly parent introduced the heavenly providence (wisdom) as the religious regulator to regulate the religious immune system. The heavenly providence prevents overactive religious countermeasure against ubiquitous perceived adversity as in personality-mental disorders. Believing in the heavenly providence, a believer in the heavenly miraculous salvation looks beyond prevailing danger to the coming of the divine salvation, resulting in the elimination of the overactive religious hyperactivity against ubiquitous perceived danger. Believing in the heavenly providence, a believer in the heavenly authority looks beyond prevailing unfamiliarity-uncertainty (sins) to the coming of the heavenly authority, resulting in the elimination of the overactive religious phobia against ubiquitous perceived unfamiliarity-uncertainty. Believing in the heavenly providence, a believer in the heavenly love looks beyond prevailing hardship to the coming of the heavenly love, resulting in the elimination of the overactive religious comforter against ubiquitous perceived hardship. Essentially, the Abrahamic religions follow the natural regulated immune system for children. The religious mental immune system for the Abrahamic religions is in Table 6.

Impersonal Rational Theism: The Greek Philosophy, Hinduism, and Daoism
During  Daoism [52] emphasizes living in harmony with the impersonal Dao (literally: "the Way") which is the rational system of everything that exists, so Daoism is impersonal rational theism.  Confucius was three years old, and Confucius was raised by his mother in poverty. The states were at war with each other, and high government officers within a state were at war with each other. The politics in China was complex and individualistic. During this Hundred Schools of Thought era, many schools of philosophy offered rulers advices to govern the states. Confucius travelled to many states to offer advices, participate in government, and educate more than three thousand people. The Four Books in Confucianism are comprised of the Great Learning, the Doctrine of the Mean, the Analects, and Mencius [57]. The first book to read is the Great Learning attributed to Confucius with nine commentary chapters by Zengzi, one of the disciples of Confucius. It is a guide for moral self-cultivation. In the Great Learning, the sequence of learning starts with empiricism as investigation. "Things being investigated, knowledge became complete. Their knowledge being complete, their thoughts were sincere. Their thoughts being sincere, their hearts were then rectified. Their hearts being rectified, their persons were cultivated. Their persons being cultivated, their families were regulated. Their families being regulated, their states were rightly governed. Their states being rightly governed, the whole kingdom was made tranquil and happy (the Great Learning 1:5)."

Empirical Theism: Buddhism and Confucianism
The second book to read is the Doctrine of the Mean attributed to Confucius' grandson Zisi. It is to demonstrate the usefulness of the middle way (mean) to maintain balance. The first chapter of the Doctrine of Mean from Confucianism describes how to maintain mental balance. "When joy, anger, sorrow and pleasure have not yet arisen, it is the state of equilibrium. When they arise to their appropriate levels, it is the state of harmony. The state of equilibrium is the great base of of all-under heaven. The state of harmony is the universal path to be pursued. When the states of equilibrium and harmony are actualized, Heaven and Earth are in their proper positions, and all things are nourished." The goal of the balance in the balanced mental immune system is to reach the state of equilibrium without arising emotion and the state of harmony with arising emotion to balance adversity-fortune. Whenever one thinks too much about adversity, think about possible fortune after adversity. Equally, whenever one thinks too much about fortune, thinks about possible adversity after fortune. Such thinking helps to nurture the normal instinctive mental system which is regulated to maintain balance.
The Great Learning is about the sequence of learning starting with investigation as empiricism. The Doctrine of Mean is about the middle way (mean) to maintain balance. In the Analects and Mencius, the good society based on the proper social behaviors of the individuals at home and in broad society is the base of the good government with the proper relationship of the government and the citizens. The Analects is a collection of Confucius' teachings and discussions with disciples. The Analects emphasize the importance of good The proper social behaviors help to nurture the normal instinctive social brain consisting of sociality for intragroup relations (collectivistic sociality, individualistic sociality, interdependent sociality, and generativity sociality) and worldview for intergroup relations (cooperative worldview, competitive worldview, and territorial worldview). Collectivistic sociality is for kin group whose principle is commitment. In Confucian morality for kin group, parent-child relation involves care and teaching from parent and filial piety from child. Husband-wife and elder-younger siblings show respect, responsibility, and loyalty for each other. Individualistic sociality is for alliance group whose principle is reciprocity.
The Confucian morality for alliance group involves ren (benevolence), yi (uprightness), xin (faithfulness), shu (reciprocity), and li (propriety). Interdependent sociality is for specialist group whose principle is division of labor. The Confucian morality for division of labor involves the specific responsibility of each specific role. Duke Jing of Qi asked Confucius about government. Confucius replied: "Let the ruler be a ruler, minister be a minister, father be a father, son be a son." (Analects 12:11) Generativity sociality is for multiple-generation group whose principle is legacy. The Confucian morality for generativity is ancestor veneration to keep the memory of many generations. For intergroup relations (worldviews), Confucianism encourages cooperative worldview. Cooperative worldview is expressed as harmony. "In practicing the rules of propriety, it is harmony that is prized." (Analects 1:12) Harmony is prized among the differences. Confucius said: "Noble persons seek harmony but not sameness. Petty persons seek sameness but not harmony." (Analects 13:23). The Confucian mental protection system is listed in Table 7.

Bottom-Up Community Theism: Global Human Community
The printing, and autonomous vehicles [59]. The fourth industrial revolution allows highly individualized global production-marketing-information. In the Industrial Revolution, the dramatic increase in productivity lifted most people from the poverty. Intense existential environmental pressure in the agricultural society has been greatly reduced in the industrial society. Without intense existential environment pressure, people get less religious, and irreligion without definite belief in theism has become more common in the industrious countries such as in the industrious and relatively homogenous European countries without high existential social pressure [60]. Top-down imperial theism and bottom-up community theism are two different belief systems. In terms of initiation, execution, and direction, top-down imperial theism believes in theistic initiation and top-down revelation-direction. The conflicting top-down revelation-directions from the conflicting theisms in top-down imperial theism become problematic in the interdependent global human community, because top-down revelation-direction cannot be changed, and the conflicting top-down revelation-directions cannot be resolved and pacified. On the contrary, bottom-up community theism believes in theistic initiation and bottom-up effort-direction. (In atheism, initiation is random without any theistic involvement.) To bottom-up community theism without top-down revelation-direction, the conflicting theisms can be resolved and pacified by bottom-up effort-direction to form the global multilateral human community.
The fourth industrial revolution not only individualizes global production-marketing-information but also individualizes virtual reality creating an individualized digital avatar for immortality and the afterlife [61] [62]. The combination of bottom-up community theism and the individualized virtual world produces the additional theistic initiation for the afterlife, where an individual transits smoothly from the biological family-community to the bottom-up familiar virtual family-community instead of top-down strange pre-determined heaven-hell, reincarnation, or impersonal form. Such bottom-up transition to the afterlife is quite popular among people without strong top-down religious doctrines. Even in the Hebrew Bible for Judaism, the death of an individual is to return to the individual's ancestors regardless of the behaviors of the individual. This Jewish belief in the afterlife was shared by the other religions in Canaan [63]. Since everyone has families and communities, the bottom-up familiar virtual family-community in the afterlife can be considered as the common sense afterlife.
In bottom-up community theism, a person's biological life is converted into the person's virtual life in the afterlife with the virtual mental protection system consisting of the virtual social brain and the virtual mental immune system. A virtual mother in the afterlife still concerns about her child on earth, and still wants to be her child's champion and guardian. A virtual mother is happy when her child on earth remembers her. Without the biological desire involving biological human body, the virtual mental protection system is peaceful and coop-

Conclusions
In summary, this paper deals with the evolution of theisms in accordance of a biological understanding of evolution. This paper posits that in the evolution of theisms, the main function of theism is to pacify enlarged social structure de- The mental bases are classified in terms of priority: strong (high priority), medium (middle priority) and weak (low priority). Different theisms have different order of mental bases in terms of priority. The mechanism of evolution is natural selection. For natural selection of the evolution of theisms through individual innovations, theism better adapted to their environment, mainly, the technological revolution, tends to survive and propagate. Theism species follow theistic taxonomy in terms of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Initially, the stable egalitarian band social structure of hunter-gatherers with the small social group size instinct of about 150 people (Dunbar's Number) had irreligious pre-theism without significant religious practices. The social structure enlargement to linked egalitarian bands derived from the Upper Paleolithic Revolution for complex tools was pacified by egalitarian band theism (animism, afterlife, and shamanism) which linked egalitarian bands through theistic imagination to pacify the internal conflict due to the small social group size instinct from pre-theism. The social structure enlargement to decentralized union of hierarchical states derived from the Agricultural-Bronze Revolution was pacified by pluralistic state theism which had hierarchical high deities to pacify the internal conflict due to egalitarianism from egalitarian band theism. The social structure enlargement to mega centralized empire derived from the Iron Revolution was pacified by top-down imperial theism (personal monotheism, impersonal rational theism, and empirical theism) which has top-down mega deity to pacify the internal conflict due to the conflicting deities from pluralistic state theism. The social structure enlargement to global human community derived from the Industrial Revolution is pacified by bottom-up community theism with bottom-up effort-direction and afterlife to pacify the internal conflict due to conflicting theisms from top-down imperial theism. The summary of the evolution of theisms is listed in Table 8.

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.