Practice and Enlightenment of Cooperation on PTRA for Internship in A & F Economics & Management — A Case of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University

Internship in major, internship in graduation and thesis are essential practical processes in A&F Economics & Management program for undergraduate students. In view of the problems in Internship in A&F Economics & Management, such as insufficient funding, unstable internship place, unsatisfactory effect, and so on, this paper discussed so many years’ practice of PTRA for internship in Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University using the method of case analysis. We concluded that PTRA for Internship in A&F Economics & Management may improve professional knowledge level and comprehensive practical ability of students, enhance professional and practical ability of teachers, overcome effectively the problem of insufficient internship funding, promote the reputation of the university and the major, which may be used as a reference for the internship in A&F Economics & Management in other agricultural colleges and universities.


Introduction
With the reform and development of higher education, more and more universities began to pay more attention to practical teaching and the reform of teaching began to run deeply.Internship in major, internship in graduation and thesis are the essential practical processes in A&F Economics & Management.It is necessary to improve the ability of theory and practice for undergraduate students through integrating the basic theory, professional knowledge and practical application.It is an important mission for the major in agricultural colleges and universities, and also an important part of agricultural education reform to train high quality applied talents facing production practice to serve for agriculture and rural economy in national economic development.Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University has summarized some effective methods, and also got some enlightenment in the practical exploration through integrating internship in major, internship in graduation and thesis and following by the principle of PTRA for practical teaching in so many years.

Challenges of Internship in A&F Economics & Management
In order to adapt to the development of higher education reform, the proportion of practical teaching has been increased in A&F Economics & Management in agricultural university.For example, the credits for practical teaching accounted for 19.84% of the total credits in A&F Economics & Management program in Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University in 2014 (18.1% in and Northwest A&F University and 14.38% in China Agricultural University) and the centralized practical teaching lasted 68 weeks.However, the practical teaching is often mere formality and fails to achieve the expected results due to paying no attention to it, lack of funding and willing of internship bases, and so on (He, 2011).It  expenditure.But because the actual expenditure of the internship could not be met by the funding of the school, it needed instructors and students to pay part of the expense or relied on the help from some internship companies in the past, which affected the enthusiasm of instructors and students and increased the burden of the internship companies.

Internship Effect Can't Be Guaranteed
According to the A&F Economics & Management program, the internship lasts six weeks (30 days).But because the internship funding is insufficient and the internship supervision is exactitude, the internship period is less than 30 days.
During the internship period, most of students go to the enterprises around the school to have a look and there is no substantive content.The effect of internship cannot be guaranteed by time.

Internship Place Is Instable
For students of A&F Economic & Management, it is important to establish stable off-campus internship bases, which guarantees and helps students to get in touch with the society quickly, and transform the theoretical knowledge they have learned into practical application ability, and better understand and analyze the development of agricultural economy.In recent years, the administrators have tried to sign the agreement with different enterprises and institutions, but the contracts often do not maintain a long-term, that is, students come here for an internship this year, but do not sure where they are going next year.On the one hand, it consumes the energy of relevant personnel to search for internship bases every year.On the other hand, students' internship bases are precarious, which has a great impact on the quality of internship.

Integrate Internship in the Major, Internship in Graduation and Thesis
We will take into account the section of internship in the major, in graduation and thesis before the internship is carried out in order to achieve the combination of PTRA.On the one hand, the content of internship in the major is closely related to students' thesis, especially in the investigation section in the off-campus internship places, which is the content of thesis to be completed.On the other hand, internship in the major is combined with that in graduation.In the process of internship in the major, students may practice on duty and they may go to the internship places to complete their internship in graduation when they are senior if the two sides (i.e. companies and students) agree and approve, DOI: 10.4236/ce.2019.104048660 Creative Education and students can also complete their thesis in the internship places.

Implementation of PTRA for the Internship in A&F Economics & Management
In terms of the design of the internship in A&F Economics & Management, the internship process will be introduced through taking the junior students in the sixth semester in 2015 as an example.

Arrange and Organize the Internship
Cooperative Economic area was separated from A&F Economic & Management in the first half year of 2014.So we not only considered students' major and area, but also considered the combination of internship in the major, internship in graduation and thesis, that is, the combination of PTRA in different section.The internship was implemented according to the following steps.The second step was to identify the instructor for graduation thesis.After both way free choice between students and professional teachers of the department, the thesis instructor was finally determined.There were 59 junior students, of which 22 came from cooperative economy area and 12 professional teachers for their choice of which 6 teachers in cooperative economy area.Finally, 4 -6 students were guided by each teacher.
The third step was to determine the topic of graduation thesis and design the questionnaire.The topic was initially agreed between students and instructors.It may come from the scientific research project of instructors, and also be an investigation to some fields and businesses of internship places or some agricultural development issues.After making sure the topic, students should complete the design of their questionnaires under the guidance of instructors in one week.
The fourth step was to group the students.Students were grouped into different internship places according to the topics of thesis and the investigated contents, which were agreed upon by students and instructors.As shown in Table 3. required to enter the VBSE lab to complete training simulation in the first week.

Implement the
In order to ensure learning effectiveness, we selected one trained teacher from the department and hired a professional lecturer from UFIDA Software Co. Ltd to guide students.The lecturer of UFIDA Software Co. Ltd should tailor the relevant business for the students according to the specialty characteristics of A&F Economic & Management.The main businesses involved manufacturing, suppliers, customers, logistics companies, accounting firms, international trade companies, bidding companies, chain retail companies and social resources, in which students could experience the operation of commercial society.Secondly, 22 students from cooperative economy entered Nehe School of Vocational and Technical Education Center before entering the cooperative to carry out investigation in the third week.They completed the whole process simulation of cooperative operation through the guidance of two professional teachers from the school and two teachers from the department of A&F Economic & Management in the cooperative simulation lab of the school.The dean organized the students into the agricultural enterprises, Daqing Yulu Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. to carry out the cognitive practice.Firstly, students visited the enterprise to feel modern agricultural enterprises from the overall scale, facilities and environment.Secondly, students comprehensively understood the agricultural production process through on-site explanations by professional and technical personnel of the enterprises.Thirdly, some students worked on regular post in the enterprise, expe-rienced the working process in agricultural enterprises to achieve the preliminary combination of PTRA.
The Dean appointed 5 professional teachers to lead the students into farms or cooperatives for investigation from the third week to the fourth week.Besides investigation, the students who entered the specialty cooperatives directly participated in the production process of cooperatives.We took the investigation of 13 students into Yinlonghe Farm as an example to introduce the implementation process of the investigation.
It could be divided into three steps in the basic operating procedures.The first step is that the students had an intuitive feeling and understanding of the farm through understanding the development status of the farm introduced by general manager of Yinlonghe Farm, and visiting the farm, including modern agricultural demonstration zone, grain and oil enterprises and a management area.The second step is that the instructor grouped 13 students according to the their topic area, and connected with the farm authorities to understand the relevant topic.As shown in Table 4.The third step is that students walked into households for interviews in terms of the specific problems that they intended to investigate.
We adopted a management model of "centralized-decentralized-centralized" in the organization and management.The instructor organized 13 students a short meeting on everyday 7:30 am to clarify the research objectives of each student, gave the necessary guidance to the students, and helped the students to contact the farmers.Then, students went out for interviews in all daytime.After dinner, 13 students would be organized to hold an exchange meeting.Everyone would share with others the harvest, experience and difficulties or puzzled of the investigation that very day.Everyone would brainstorm and put forward opinions and suggestions to each other in order to carry out the investigation smoothly and effectively the next day.

Effect of Cooperation on PTRA for Internship in A&F Economics & Management
In the aspect of internship bases construction, it provided guarantee for cooperation on PTRA for internship through establishing PTRA off-campus internship bases according to the demands and characteristics of the major and area.In the aspect of internship section, we combined internship in the major, internship in graduation and thesis, which made full use of the internship hours, and also made each student's goal more clearly.In the aspect of internship content, it enriched the internship content and broadened the scope of internship from training simulation to cognitive practice, from field investigation to on-the-job practice.In the aspect of internship operation, it the ensured that the practice was carried out in an orderly manner through step-by-step operation from macro to micro and from centralization to decentralization.In the aspect of internship organization and management, we implemented a management model of "centralized-decentralized-centralized" and focused on discussion, which consolidated the results of the internship, and ensured the effectiveness of the internship.

Improve Professional Knowledge Level and Comprehensive Practical Ability of Students
The cooperation on PTRA in internship in A&F Economics & Management greatly enhanced the consciousness and initiative practice because the practice goals of students were so clear and the sense of responsibility of instructors was so strong.During the process of internship, students obtained direct and indirect practical experience of agricultural production and agribusiness operation and management from managers, professional technicians or workers, which not only deepened the professional knowledge, but also learned the agricultural production knowledge out of school.In addition, the cooperation on PTRA for internship was more effective in training and exercising students' comprehensive is difficult to carry out the internship in the major and in graduation in actual performance.The major mismatches the post in the internship bases selected by students themselves.It is not perfect enough in the infrastructure and project implementation of the internship bases cooperated with the university.In a word, it has become a serious problem to A&F Economic & Management to facing the difficulty of internship and has gradually affected the employment of students and enrollment of universities.The problems are as follow just for A&F Economic & Management in Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University.
1. Establish Stable Internship Bases Based on PTRA Long-term stable internship base is an important place to train the students in DOI: 10.4236/ce.2019.104048658 Creative Education A&F Economic & Management practical ability, scientific research ability, innovative consciousness and innovative ability.It is also an educational platform to strengthen major and society exchange and cooperation, to carry out cooperative education of PTRA, and to expand the training channels of A&F Economic & Management.Firstly, the main factors considered are conforming to the major, helping arrange the accommodation for instructors and students, holding more than 8 students, attaching importance to students' internship and meeting the requirements of the other internship conditions when Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University chooses the internship bases.Secondly, in order to ensure the integrity and coherence of teaching, both on-campus and off-campus internship bases are built at the same time.The construction of on-campus internship base breaks through the old mode of perceptual knowledge and skill training, and makes it a practical teaching place in and off school for comprehensive training in the environment of modem enterprises.In 2014, the College of Economics & Management and the College of Accounting jointly established the VBSE (Virtual Business Social Environment) laboratory, mainly used for students' practical training.While the off-campus internship bases were mainly used to PTRA places based on the long-term stable principles, mutual benefit and prominent characteristics.The youngest internship bases are over three years.As shown in Table 2. 3.1.2.Draw Up a Plan of Internship in A&F Economics & Management The dean of department of A&F Economic & Management in Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University draws up an internship plan for junior students at the beginning of spring semester based on the major program, internship funding and requirements of internship.The plan includes the objectives and requirements of internship, instructors, the internship bases and arrangement, the responsibilities of the instructors and the requirements for students, assessment of internship outcomes, and the internship funding plan.The internship process includes cognitive internship, on-campus internship and off-campus internship.In the process of drawing up internship plan, the emphasis is on the selection and arrangement of the internship places.The internship places are selected from those signed the agreement.At the same time, according to the internship objectives, the internship funding and the current situation of the internship places, internship content and time are arranged and internship are carried out scientifically and orderly.
The first step was to choose internship bases.The dean selected the internship places from off-campus internship bases in terms of student' area, content of internship and accommodation of internship places.She Chose VBSE Lab as a training place, Daqing Yulu Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. as a cognitive place, three farms in Bei'an city as off-campus internship places for non-cooperative economic students, and three specialty cooperative in Nehe city and Nehe School of Vocational and Technical Education Center for cooperative economic students.

Table 1 .
Expenditure on internship in A&F economics & management in Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University in the past six years.
dropped from 630 yuan in 2014 to 336 yuan in 2017, as shown in Table 1.The most basic requirement of the internship in the major is to carry out household survey in rural area for undergraduate students, which needs large S. G. Yang, H. Q. Zhang DOI: 10.4236/ce.2019.104048657 Creative Education

Table 3 .
Groups of the students.
tents of the internship included training simulation, cognitive practice and investigation.Training simulation was divided into two parts.Firstly, all the students were S. G. Yang, H. Q. Zhang DOI: 10.4236/ce.2019.104048661 Creative Education 1 Students from Non-cooperative economic area; 2 Students from cooperative economic area; Source: Department of A&F of Economics & Management, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University.

Table 4 .
Topics and relevant departments in Yinlonghe farm.In addition to students' investigation, on-the-job practice is also one of the important forms of the internship.For example, 5 students specialized in residents' living were assisting in the Resident Community Assistance to Residential Committee to carry out specific work during the internship, and 2 students specialized in livestock would be directly engaged in internship in graduation in the eighth semester in order to continue to do investigation and thesis.