Research on Venture Capital Investment Exit in China

With the continuous improvement of China’s capital market, China’s venture capital investment has also grown, regardless of the number of institutions or the size of funds managed. The exit from venture capital is the last and most important part. This paper sorts out the way and performance of China’s venture capital investment projects by sorting out the historical data. It is found that although the number of venture capital investment in China con-tinues to grow, it is still close half of the projects withdrawn with lost. Although IPO exits have the highest revenue, it does not have a higher proportion than repurchase and mergers and acquisitions because of its long time and difficulty. In the case of relatively high repurchase and mergers and acquisitions, repurchase is a loss in most cases.


Introduction
Venture Capital is known as venture capital investment. According to the history of China's venture capital development, there are about three main stages of development in China's venture capital: The first stage is from the 1990s to 2000, investing mainly equity Investment in Domestic Growth Enterprises; The second stage is from the beginning of this century to 2005; most of venture capital institutions have closed down except that a small number of them strive. The main factor is the impact of the US Internet stock bubble, but it also shows that the local venture capital institutions are still immature; The third stage is from 2005 to the present. With the completion of the share-trading reform of the securities market, the successful launch of the GEM and the introduction of relevant policies and regulations that promote the listing of mature enterprises in The venture capital step is divided into raising funds-screening projects-formal signing of agreements-investment-exiting, and venture capital exit is the final step in venture capital activities, but it is also the most important link. First, a sound venture capital exit mechanism can maintain the stability and continuity of venture capital. Second, the exit mechanism is the key to ensuring continuous access to venture capital. This paper will study the exit performance of Chinese venture capital enterprises from the aspects of exit mode and performance.

Literature
Ren Heda [1] pointed that the important reason for the slow development of China's venture capital industry is the lack of effective exit mechanism. Zhengke and Zheng Xiaoqi [2] discuss the main practical ways that China's venture capital exit can be adopted through the comparative analysis of the exit channels of venture capital. According to Brau [3], the premium level of venture capital projects when they exit through IPO is 22% higher than when they exit through mergers and acquisitions. Nahata [4] pointed out that to make investors convinced of attractive returns and then to raise additional capital, successful exit is the key. The choice of exit means is determined by both factors of the enterprise and venture capital. A well-performing venture company can not only bring a more successful exit (IPO or acquisition), but it is also possible that in both exit situations, a relatively good performance is more likely to go public rather than sell to the acquirer. Armin [5] used the exclusion method to analyze and compare the three exit methods of equity transfer, initial public offering and bankruptcy liquidation, and constructed a survival risk analysis model to determine the risk exit method based on the exit cost and return. Chen Demian and Cai Li [6] through the analysis of the feasibility of China's current venture capital exit and the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of venture capital exit methods, pointed out that the exit channel more suitable for China is mergers and acquisitions. Zhang Xiaolei [7] determined the best choice for IPO by means of research and analysis of venture capital related exit timing. Wang Bo [8] pointed out that the existing domestic venture capital exit channels mainly include backdoor listing, acquisition and merger, share repurchase, overseas second board listing, and exit through regional property rights trading market. Li Qian [9] obtained through quantitative analysis: the return rate of the VCs in the exit channel is from high to low in order of public offering, stock repurchase, acquisition, and liquidation. However, she pointed out that not all venture capitalists can choose to go public for listing and exit when venture capital exits. Wang Hankun [10] believes that the development of venture capital funds in China faces certain difficulties. It is due to the imperfect investment exit method, excessive dependence on public listing, and the over-the-counter market is underdeveloped, making many companies closeable. There are too few channels.
To this end, many companies have gone public abroad, thus realizing their investment in listed financing and private equity investment funds. Liu Zhixiong [11] pointed out that due to the insufficient development of China's capital market; the exit channel for venture capital is limited. In the past, it mainly used equity transfer to achieve exit. With the launch and continuous development of the GEM market, public listing will be it will become an important way for China's venture capital to withdraw. Yanglei [12] analyzed the various factors that may be affected by the exit of venture capital from the micro and macro aspects and the empirical test. Xuxin and Xiayun [13] studied deeply the influencing factors and economic consequences of the exit of venture capital IPOs based on the description of the exit characteristics of venture capital investment of China's GEM companies from 2009 to 2013 and found that after the listing of enterprises, China's venture capital showed a feature of one-time complete exit and less discontinuation are deeply studied. Zhao Xiaohui [14] pointed that IPO exit is the exit method with the highest return on risk investment, but it should be considered in combination with the risk enterprise development plan and the market environment at the time of exit. Wang Wei [15] comparatively analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of several exit mechanisms. Shilin et al. [16] pointed that knowledge specialization and positive exit are positively correlated and knowledge specialization negative adjustment relationship embedding and successful exiting inverted U-type relationship. Chensu [17] shows that the greater the quality of the investment country and the Chinese law, the greater the possibility of successful exit of cross-border venture capital, and the higher the performance of cross-border venture capital, but this does not affect the time required for exit. And the time required for a successful exit depends more on the host country's own capital markets and technological developments. The focus of venture capital institutions has turned to the GEM, and more and more venture capital projects have been exited through the GEM, and the exit rate of return is considerable. So this is the most important way for VCs to exit.

Mergers and Acquisitions
Corporate mergers and acquisitions mainly include mergers and acquisitions, which is an important way for companies to conduct property rights transactions. When the invested company develops to a mature stage, the invested company is integrated into a major project by the venture capital institution, and then sold to strategic investors in order to achieve capital exit, and ultimately obtain higher investment income. For various reasons, some venture companies can not obtain the listing conditions, and then withdraw, so these venture companies generally achieve the exit of venture capital through mergers and acquisitions. Although this exit method does not give investors the highest rate of return, it is a relatively flexible model.

Corporate Repurchase
Enterprise repurchase refers to the way in which the employees of the invested company and their management acquire the shares of the company that are issued, thereby achieving the exit of venture capital. This exit method is an alternative to the general venture capitalist, not a mandatory exit method. In addition, from the repurchase implementation body, the repurchase can be divided into: employee stock ownership fund (ESOT), that is, the venture capitalist purchases the shares held by the venture capitalist through the employee stock ownership fund, so that the employee will hold the risk investor. The management buyout (MBO), that is, the management of the venture capital is used by the management of the company to recover the shares of VCs. The payment is usually made by other shares held by the management, cash from the bank, etc. The use of options to buy and sell, mainly includes stock options and stock options. However, this is also a kind of exit channel with the nature of "double-edged sword". It is to acquire its own shares from the company, and the risk investors will withdraw the capital and affect the shareholders' rights and interests.

Liquidation
Liquidation is the dissolution or bankruptcy of an enterprise due to mismanagement, etc., and then its debts and property must be cleaned up and disposed of, and venture capital must be withdrawn. There are two ways to liquidate: one is bankruptcy liquidation, that is, the enterprise cannot repay the debt when it expires, so it is declared bankrupt according to law, and the liquidation group is to obtain the expected return on investment, it will choose to immediately withdraw from the invested enterprise. The way is not only to avoid continuing losses, but also to recover funds to invest in new projects.

China's Venture Capital Investment Accounted for Different Ways of Exit
According to statistics, a total of 583 exit transactions were disclosed in 2016.
According to the exit channel, a total of IOI projects in venture capital investment companies exited through IPO, which was generally flat compared with 2015, but the proportion increased slightly, reaching 17.32%. This is mainly the source of the capital market in 2016 is relatively stable. Relatively speaking, the M&A transaction is still the main channel for exit, and the number of exit projects has reached 173, accounting for 29.68%. In addition, the exit rate of the project in 2016 is generally weak, and the proportion of repurchase and liquidation is higher than that of 2015 (Table 1).

China's Venture Capital Exits Overall Performance
As can be seen from the data in Figure 1 and    becoming the highest point in recent years. The exit rate of the whole industry accelerated, the investment project time was shortened, the average exit time was only 3.92 years, and the overall annualized income reached 32.39%. However, the exit performance of China's venture capital investment fall to 225.73% and the average exit time increased to 4.13 years.
In the specific project income, according to Table 2, although the overall income for the whole year of 2015 is more than twice, but still half of the exit projects are loss, accounting for 48.9%; project income 0% -15% of the total. The ratio is 12.1%; the proportion of income is 15% -20% is 3.5%, the proportion of this interval is the least; the proportion of income exceeding 100% is 16.2%, close to the peak of previous years. Table 3 shows that the overall performance of different exit ways each year. In general, the overall performance of IPO withdrawal is the highest, with an   The performance of repurchase also changed from a loss of 34.43% in 2014 to a profit of 19.01%, while the loss of liquidation also decreased by nearly half.

Research on the Performance of Different Exit Modes of China's Venture Capital
However, the yield from the New OTC Market has declined. In general, VC benefited from the capital market situation in the first half of 2015.
From Table 4, we can conclude that the overall market volatility from 2015 to

Conclusions
This paper sorts out the data of China's venture capital investment exit projects in the past ten years. Through the average, it is found that in the exit mode, the proportion of repurchase and mergers and acquisitions is relatively high, accounting for 37.68% and 28.32% respectively, followed by IPO. It is 24.92%. This is because IPOs are difficult, time consuming, and costly, and it is difficult for companies with venture capital to grow to this stage. In the IPO project, most companies choose to list in China, and only 6.8% choose to list overseas. Most of the projects listed in China are listed on the GEM, accounting for 36.12%.
In terms of exit performance, the project can achieve good returns from the overall perspective of the venture capital project, but this is the average result. In the early years, the mutual damage project reached 60% -70%, which has been W. J. Fan