The Concept of Landscape-Ecological Nodal Structures of the Development of the Regions of the Pacific Landscape Belt of the Landscape Sphere

For the first time, the concept of landscape nodal structures is considered for the development of regions in the Pacific landscape belt of the landscape sphere that are promising for the development of territories. Landscape nodal structures are presented as a natural foundation for economic, social, ecological, and other forms of activity, which will enable us to consider tools of scientific and practical planning that are harmonized with the nature of forecasting economic, social, ecological and other geosystems. It is recommended, for the practical implementation of the concept, the compilation of new maps of nodal structures, as natural bases for creating models for the development of the territory. The cartographic separation of the landscape nodal structures as a whole will contribute to solving the problems of optimizing the natural environment of the regions.


Introduction
On planet Earth, the practical activity of society is carried out mainly in its near-surface part at the border of interaction between the layers of the geographic shell-the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. The latter most intensively interacts in the landscape sphere named F.I. Milkovo-biological focus of the Earth. The very term landscape sphere was proposed by Yu.K. Efremov in 1950. The landscape sphere is a narrow part of the geographic shell, that is, that part of it, on the preservation of whose properties, attention is taken into account when solving local and regional nature management problems. At the same time, the landscape sphere is considered as a complex space-time dynamic system of poly-scale elements of inorganic and organic nature, resulting from the interpenetration, interdependence, and interaction of different geospheres.
The complexity of the elements of the sphere determines the special relationship to the question of the significance of the objects of study, to the materials of the internal content of its components and vector-layered landscape structures, as well as their indication and structuring in terms of identifying the most favorable or not favorable for the development of structures.
At the same time, the landscape-ecological nodal structures of development are understood as the most favorable landscape morphological structures with natural characteristics that meet the requirements of society for conducting economic, social, ecological and other forms of activity necessary to meet the needs of society, i.e. they represent the natural foundation of the practical (economic, social, environmental, etc.) activities of society. However, to date, the question of nodal landscape-ecological structures for the development of geographical space has not previously been considered and is being put forward for the first time. During the development of territories it is negative that there are no cartographic materials on such structures, i.e. structures which, due to their favorable internal content, may be primarily involved in development. The absence of such cartographic documents, in turn, leads to negative consequences during the development of territories. Therefore, the study of the nodal landscape structures of the development of the regions of the Pacific landscape belt of the landscape sphere is relevant. D Grodzinsky, G.E. Grishankova and many others. This article presents, taking into account the general landscape bases, the results of the author's field and theoretical studies in the field of landscape geography, which is considered a common methodological scientific basis, and its separation is a strategic landscape science and, in general, a landscape approach using geosystems. The work aimed at optimizing the development of the territories of the landscape sphere, the practical implementation of the landscape approach in solving production problems, examines the results of geological, geographical and geographical re-   . Its peculiarity is not only in paleogeography, but also in the continental-oceanic dichotomy, the law of the fundamental dualism of land and sea, pairing in organization and functioning, unity and opposition of maritime and continental landscapes and geosystems. Landscape geosystems of the zone are considered in the field of mountain landscape science developing in recent V. T. Starozhilov Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection decades. The landscape belt is a mountainous country, according to the landscape taxonomy there are no classical platform plains, and the available areas are parts of the mountain moving belts, rift structures.

Materials and Methods
On the basis of an in-depth component analysis in recent years, a landscape classification has been developed, a basic landscape map of Primorsky Krai M 1: 500,000 and a legend to it (Starozhilov et al., 2008;Starozhilov, 2010Starozhilov, , 2011 has been compiled, the Sakhalin landscape classification has been developed at a scale of 1:500,000 of the region (Starozhilov, 2016), landscape research continues in other territories of the marginal continental part of Pacific Russia. For the first time, features of the formation of the foundation of landscapes of the Pacific landscape belt are shown on the basis of the author's concept of its accretionary geodynamic evolution, based on the study of the petrographic composition and structural-tectonic position of sedimentary and other lithocomplexes (Starozhilov, 1990(Starozhilov, , 2004a. Identified with examples of individual territories, features of the structure and organization of landscapes, a systematic analysis of their location over the territory, taking into account spatial-horizontal and high-altitude differentiation. A statistical assessment of the spatial distribution of landscapes and their quantitative parameters is given (Starozhilov, 2015b).
The medium and large-scale mapping of the territory, the use of regional-typological classification, correlated with landscape regionalization (Starozhilov et al, 2009a), allowed to reflect the features of geosystems in different parts of their ranges, and the description revealed the properties and degree of difference between them. In particular, in the structure of landscapes of Primorye, by analyzing the contingency and interrelationships of the components, 2 classes of landscapes, 4 subclasses, 12 genera, 94 types of landscapes and 3043 areas are mapped .
Our research, which is based on the mapping of landscapes and their structures, evaluating data on the changing properties of landscapes and their spatial-area distribution, is considered not only as basic for a comprehensive assessment of anthropogenic transformations of the natural environment, optimization of environmental management, a constructive start in ensuring environmental safety of environmental management, but and as basic concepts of landscape-ecological nodes still not developed in Pacific Russia, and in general Russia new structures for the development and optimization of the natural environment of the regions in the Landscape Sphere (Starozhilov & Zonov, 2009;Starozhilov, Kovaleva, & Derbentseva, 2012).
In addition, as the basic basis for the consideration of landscape-ecological nodal structures of development, we used materials from previously performed studies of the practical implementation of the landscape approach using landscape indication in various areas of environmental management (Starozhilov et al., 2009b;Starozhilov, 2004bStarozhilov, , 2018: 1) an integrated establishment of the landscape status of environmental facilities in the existing landscape system of the region; 2) regional identification and assessment of environmental and environmental 3) features of possible anthropogenic transformations of landscapes during nature management; 4) the strategy of practical implementation of the landscape approach in the field of tourism and recreation, urban planning, organization of agricultural enterprises to create a production base in the mountain-taiga landscapes, forest management, planning and design of environmental management (Starozhilov, 2009).
When considering the concept of landscape-ecological nodal structures, materials from the previously considered component, morphological, areal and other landscape indications were used (Starozhilov, 2015a(Starozhilov, , 2017b, which often serves as the basis for choosing the main direction or even the management strategy (Starozhilov, 2017). The materials of the previously developed concept of the poly-scale landscape indication were also used (Starozhilov, 2017a

Results and Discussion
As a result of the synthesis, analysis and evaluation of landscape materials in the Pacific landscape belt of Russia (an example of a landscape sphere link), complex differentiation of landscape systems was established at the level of tracts, localities, species, genera, subclasses, classes, types, districts, provinces, regions, belts.
Each of the landscapes of the territory under consideration is characterized by its internal physiographic content and they can be favorable or unfavorable for development, basic (natural foundation) depending on the internal content when planning and forecasting industry production. Allocation of favorable basic landscape structures for the development of natural systems was carried out using the example of synthesis, analysis and assessment of the morphological structures of landscapes and materials for the location of production of the Primorsky Territory (Vostretsov et al., 2008), as well as those noted above results of practical implementation of the landscape approach in various areas of devel- to planning, forecasting and drawing up development projects. As a result, for any type of development, natural conditions will be taken into account and the task of industrial development of territories harmonized with nature will be performed using digital mapping.

Conclusion
Identification of landscape-ecological nodal structures of development, as the most favorable landscape morphological structures with natural characteristics that meet the requirements of society for economic, social, environmental and Pacific landscape belt of Russia and the landscape sphere as a whole will contribute to solving the problems of optimizing the natural environment of the regions. At present, the FEFU Pacific International Landscape Center is developing a conceptual methodology for digital mapping of hub landscape-ecological structures and the possibility of using these materials in developing the territory of Pacific Russia. We hope that, over time, the application of the proposed concept of landscape-ecological nodal development structures will take a worthy place in the Government's policy in the development of Pacific Russia and other regions of the Landscape Sphere.

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.