“Made in China”: Building Chinese Smart Manufacturing Image

This paper sets out to analyze how China makes best of its late development advantage (LDA) to change global image of “Made in China” to “Chinese Smart Manufacturing” by demonstrating recent technologies and advances in China. In literature review, the author compares Recommendations for Im-plementing the Strategic Initiative Industrie 4.0 [1] (hereinafter referred as Industry 4.0) with Made in China 2025 [2] in priority development domains and paths of actualization. To examine how the term “Made in China” has changed in both its connotation and value worldwide, the author analyzes China’s Late Development Advantage (LDA) by seeking evidences in contemporary economic and technological advances in Section three. Chinese government makes the best of LDA to develop its economy and implement policies such as Supply-side Reform and Belt and Road Initiative, which eventually changes the connotation and image of “Made in China”. China is guiding the world to value more for “Made in China” products, services and technologies.


Introduction
"Made in China" is a label attached to the products manufactured in China.
Owing to the advantages of rich labor resources and raw material resources in China, products made in China are well-received in the world on account of their competitive price and quality nowadays, although quality may be a controversial word for many "Made in China" products in early manufacturing development. Lack of innovation and technologies in the design and production the guidance of Made in China 2025, Chinese economy is experiencing a profound and swift reform and innovation and has achieved preliminary yet remarkable accomplishments to surf in the fourth global industrial revolution tide [3].  [4]. It is a decade strategic manufacturing plan targeting "China smart manufacturing power". Due to the continuity of time and the homogeneity of the large background, it is regarded by some as the Chinese version of Germany Industry 4.0. But is it really a simple mimicking literature of Germany Industry 4.0? In comparison, differences in framework is shown in Table 1.
It can be obviously seen above that Industry 4.0 pursues a new production mode in industrial revolution with industrial network and smartness as the main characteristic. As the traditional world leading power in manufacturing, Industry 4.0 in Germany is no longer specific in developing technologies, it aimed to establish a new production system, to optimize production management and to guarantee production safety and higher level of manufacturing automation by professional employee training. Whereas Made in China 2025 focuses mainly on manufacturing industries, most of which were announced in 2010 as strategic emerging industries. German manufacturing is already a symbol of leading automation and Industry 4.0 does not only target at achieving revolutionary breakthrough in manufacturing technologies, but also lead to profound changes in the way of production organization and social economy. Therefore, it is a macro-level guideline.
As can be seen from Table 2, the goal of Industry 4.0 is to lead the fourth industrial revolution and to ensure the future of German manufacturing industry as always in the leading position. Made in China 2025 is the plan to strike three decades efforts to bring China to the forefront of world manufacturing power.
In strategies, Industry 4.0 emphasizes intelligence, network and system in manufacture. It aims to build the Central Physical System (CPS) with Internet of things (IoTs) and services widely used in the manufacturing sector, to complete process module integration and digitization in products manufacturing process, to build a highly flexible and characteristic production mode ensuring standardization, organization work and availability of the products in the implementa-

International Research on Late Development Advantage
Alexander Gushenkron, the 20th century economic historian studied the industrialization process of Germany, Italy and other European countries and put forward "Late Development Advantage (LDA)". He pointed out that compared with relatively developed countries, the backward countries has an inner urge to speed up the pace of the industrialization resulting in system reform and technological introduction and innovation, while at the same time taking advantage of local resources rationally and making up for the inadequacy of prerequisites [5]. After that, Philip Levy, an American economist, went from perspectives of resources, capital, labor, technology, system and demonstrated the existence of the late development advantage [6]. He proposed a "leapfrog" model based on the technology development of late development advantage [7].
Late development advantage is now a term in Development Economics referring to a country or region's backward developing economic status that may receive faster economic growth rate if given certain stimulating factors.

China's Research on Late Development Advantage
In addition to the main points mentioned above, many scholars in China have studied and summarized late development advantages, but most of them are mainly related to the following major factors, i.e., resource advantage, cost ad-

What Is the China's Late Development Advantage?
As analyzed above by economics home and abroad, a country or region's late development advantage lies in the absorption and introduction of advanced technologies, system, labor, etc., to skip certain traditional economic developing stage to gradually catch up with or even overtake advanced economic bodies [12].
Chinese economist Lin, Zhang established an endogenous growth model to illustrate that the less developed countries with lower technical level and wages determined by comparative advantages, can enjoy a faster growth rate than developed countries as long as the less developed countries are able to gain introduce advanced technology from developed countries and to adapt into technology changes faster than developed countries [13]. They analyzed that less devel-   This paper applies mainly archival research method by analyzing key information and extract data from social media, news reports, journal articles and government documents. The purpose is to answer the above two Research questions by sufficient evidence and to support the research findings with data of reliable sources and illustrated with tables and graphs. Throughout the paper, The author first compared the Germany Industry 4.0 with Made in China 2025 using inductive and descriptive methods in literature review. To answer the first research question, the author collected and analyzed the major epoch-making events in China from 2015 to 2017 including key disruptive technologies. The events are presented in Table 3. When answering the second research question, a descriptive and deductive method is applied to analyze Chinese government policies in regard to change "Made in China" connotation and value and build Chinese Smart Manufacturing image. In Discussion and Conclusion, the author tried to support the findings with data from either a inductive or comparative manner.

China's LDA under Implementation of Made in China 2025 and Its Preliminary Achievements: Emerging Technologies and Advances Since 2015
Under the guideline of Made in China 2025, Chinese government increased significantly investment of R & D in many key sectors, the world is witnessing a great deal of magnificent changes in China along with the emerging technologies.      First, the security technology is more advanced. "Renaissance" is equipped with intelligent sensing system, and has a strong security monitoring system.

"Renaissance": Technological Innovations of CR400 Trains
The whole train is deployed with more than 2500 monitoring stations and able to operate in various altitudes and remote mountainous regions, bearing extreme temperatures. It provides all-round real-time monitoring the temperature of cooling system, brake system status, carriage environment etc. The China standard emu has also added a collision absorbent device to improve the passive protection of the motor vehicle group. In order to adapt to China's vast territory and complex environment (−40 Celsius degree to +40 Celsius degree), long distance, high strength operation needs, "Renaissance" Chinese standard mu trains were designed according to the highest standards with designed life of 30 years, 15 million kilometers, able to operate for a distance of 600,000 kilometers which is higher than European average standard of 400,000 km).
Secondly, the ride experience is more user friendly than previous CRH trains.
Passengers can not only charge their electronic devices with 220 V power sockets in the train but also have Wi-Fi access. The "Renaissance" China standard emu car has fully covered Wi-Fi network. The train conditioning system fully considers the influence of the external pressure wave and reduces the discomfort of the ear when passing through the tunnel or the intersection. The train has a variety of lighting control modes, which can provide different lighting conditions according to the passenger demand. The China standard "Renaissance" locomotive system has also adopted a variety of anti-vibration and noise reduction measures, improved the facilities for washing and gargle, and are equipped with barrier-free facilities to provide passengers with a better ride experience.
Thirdly, the sensing system is more intelligent. When encountered with abnormal speed the train is designed to automatically stop. Chinese standard "Re-

Evidence in New Energy Vehicles
Chinese government has been pioneering in the R & D of new energy vehicles and advocating environmental protection. There will be a decreasing use of traditional gasoline and diesel engine automobiles in China. Chinese Police Bureau has announced that by the end of 2017, new automobile licenses for clean energy use will be applied with green color instead of the traditional blue color, serving as a kind reminder of environment care for citizens' well-being. China is committed to building a smart, efficient, comfortable and convenient

Evidence in Shared Economy
The concept of "shared economy" originated in the United States by Marcos and Joan has been enriched and developed in more than 30 years of business practice [17]. Based on scattered social idle resources, shared economy is applied to improve the efficiency of resource utilization. In recent years, the shared economy has developed in a global scale, promoting the matching of scattered supply and demand to unleash economic vitality.
China has now formed a $62.5 billion shared economy volume, and kept a 54% of high-speed growth in 2016. By the year 2018, the total volume is expected to reach $230 billion, covering 44% of the global share [18]. China's development of shared economy has certain foundation and conditions:  China's resource per capita is low and resources are unevenly distributed.
Huge gap between supply and demand can be seen in the society and shared economy can improve resource utilization rate  Mobile internet technologies and applications rapidly infiltrates into resi-

Supply-Side Reform
As the 13th five year planning policy, Chinese government put forwarded 5 specific strategies to reform economic structure to adjust into global smart manufacturing trend. All five strategies were designed to improve "Made in China" brand quality. There is a substantial undeveloped domestic demand potential to pull China out of the Global Financial Crisis. Chinese government then spared no effort to apply technologies into manufacturing and improved the quality of Chinese products and services to the maximum extend so as to attract its own citizens consumption and at the same time, gradually changing the world's impression on "Made in China" products and services. Five strategies for Supply-side Reform are: addressing over capacity; lowering production cost; reducing inventory; DE-leveraging and bolstering areas of weakness for an all-in-one development.
In specific, cutting housing inventories, tackling debt overhang, eliminating superfluous industrial capacity, cutting business costs, streamlining bureaucracy, urbanization and abandoning the one-child policy are all examples of supply-side reforms.

Belt and Road Initiative (66 Countries Involved)
With quality-improved products and services, China finds a way to export more.

Discussion
This paper mainly applies archival research method and may be supplemented with other research methods. The author conducted an analysis of Chinese government polices to restructure manufacturing industry, to improve Chinese products and Services quality and to promote best quality Chinese products and services to the world market. The author concluded that China has successfully changed the image of "Made in China" into Chinese Smart Manufacturing by both innovation and application of technologies. The supportive Chinese government polices played a crucial role in improving "Made in China" connotation. However, the feasibility of a detailed image survey of "Made in China" among foreigners is suggested and approved in the further study, which serves a way of collecting data and supplementing research method on the topic.

Conclusions
The Graph 5 below shows the change in Sino-US goods and services imports and exports volume in percentage.
The above graphs illustrates that China surpasses US in both Export and Imports volume in almost all years from 2010 to 2019 (as estimated by IMF) except for year 2014 and 2015. It is a truth acknowledging by the world that China is not only the world second biggest economy, its international influence and power has been growing as well. China is committed to satisfy its comprehensive modernization dream by keeping up with the fourth Industrial revolution tide and adhering to the principles and policies for the next decades of peaceful and To conclude, under the circumstances of the fourth Industrial revolution which technologies innovate substantially and rapidly, Chinese government takes an active and cautious role in designing economic policies for all industries and implement reform in all sectors to keep up with the disruptive trend. It is therefore safe to predict that China will continue to take full advantage of emerging technologies in designing Internet of Things (IoTs) in all industries and will engage globally in a leading role of analyzing and applying Industrial big data to embrace a thriving and sustainable all-in-one development in the fourth industrial revolution era.