Fluctuations in Human Bioenergy during the Day as Observed from the Evoked Photon

Background: Measurement of the evoked photon is newly introduced method for measuring life activities those amplify weak light emitted from organisms. We examined the relationship of bioenergy fluctuation state in vivo with conventional physical parameters during twelve hours of daytime arousal using evoked photon measurements. Evaluation of metabolic level, one of the bioenergy state, has demonstrated its effectiveness by evoked photon. Methods: The evoked photon, a weak light emitted from organisms, is a new parameter for measuring life activities, which was recorded using gas discharge visualization (GDV) equipment, and the area and intensity of the energy field index from the GDV image glow were correlated to biorhythmic fluctuations, as corroborated by biochemical measurements of secretory-immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels. Result: The area and intensity of the energy field index at the time of awakening were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the values obtained after being awake for 12 h. Conclusions: Thus, the evoked photon reflects the bioenergy of the entire body and can be used as a general indicator of physical health.


Introduction
Before the establishment of modern medicine, the fact that the human body exhibits rhythmicity was well known, and the study of in vivo rhythms has been of ongoing interest in the medical community. The rhythms of the heart rate and breathing are known as immediate bodily activities. Fluctuations in physical functions associated with seasonal cycles were recorded by Hippocrates [1].
In 1729, Mairan [2] detected that the nyctinastic movement of Mimosa pudica leaves continued regularly, even in a dark environment, leading to the discovery of the endogenous biorhythm. Richter confirmed the endogenous rhythm through animal testing in 1926 [3]. Subsequently, Kleitman confirmed this rhythm by employing humans as experimental subjects in 1939 [4].
After it was established that the circadian rhythm was endogenous, Moore [5] and Stephan [6] detected the mammalian biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, leading to the full-scale development of the science of biorhythm in 1972.
Living organisms emit extremely weak electromagnetic waves (photons) during their daily living activities. Extremely weak photons were recently identified and termed "biophotons," combining the term "bio," meaning life, and "photon," meaning quantum of light. This recent finding established the new concept of "biological light" and can provide useful information.
Evoked photons have attracted much attention as an important indicator of life. They are caused mainly by reactive oxygen and free radicals produced from the chemical excitation of biological substances in in vivo oxidative metabolic processes. Thus, this light-emitting behavior has been universally observed in conjunction with activities and physiological metabolism [7].
Gas discharge visualization (GDV) is a quantum physical verification method that observes biophoton variations by analyzing the living body's electron movements. Even in inanimate objects, an increase in excited electrons indicates that the energy state has increased. For in vivo energy activity indicated by the evoked photon, the GVD characteristics need to be understood [8].
In living bodies, these electron movements are the "excited electrons" delocalized in the conjugated protein molecules in the epidermis and hypodermis. This light emission has been reported to be related to the electrons in an excited state in the living body [9] [10]. The GDV technology causes inanimate objects and living bodies to emit light from such electrons as strong electromagnetic fields for evaluating the electrons' energy level. Electrons are accelerated several thousand times to release spontaneous emission, and the luminescence phenomenon due to the combination of particles is captured with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera.
Technologies that can minimize the influence of high-voltage equipment have been used to develop a GDV device that is highly reproducible and can minimize noise [11] [12] [13] [14]. Konstantin Korotkov (Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia) caused the induction of electrons from the skin using an electromagnetic field based on the Kirlian effect. A powerful feature of GDV is the use of arithmetic means of repeated recordings of the glow image areas of all fingers in order to reliably detect stress reactions to at least certain types of external stressors [15] [16]. These excited electrons are closely related to adenosine triphosphate and active oxygen, which are the basis of in vivo energy.
Thus, the complete psychological and biological state can be evaluated through GDV measurements, and this can be regarded as a holistic health index for the body. By utilizing the "area" and "intensity" as basic evaluation indices, a complete interpretation of the mental and physical states needs to be correlated with the external environment. The area and the intensity can be interpreted as physically related to photon energy, and they are defined as reserve energy or con- Research on evoked photons using GDV has primarily been conducted in the United States and Russia, and numerous reports have been submitted to the Applied Physics Society and others [21] [22] [23]. Currently, especially in European and American medical facilities, the use of GDV and evoked photons is spreading for diagnostic purposes. In Japan, only a few studies on evoked photons to biological energies have been published [8], with very few studies being conducted on Japanese subjects.

Purpose
In this study, our objective was to examine the daily fluctuations of the evoked photon parameter indicators and how these reflect the diurnal variation of in vivo metabolic energy.

Experimental Subjects
Subjects were 25 adult men who were evaluated as medically healthy and were within the standard range of the same age for Japanese [24]. Their Physical characteristics were shown in Table 1.
After the aims of this study were explained to the participants in detail, they provided informed consent for living body load examinations. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences of Osaka Prefecture University.

Data Acquisition for the Verification Items
In order to capture the daily evoked photon fluctuations of the subjects, examinations were conducted seven times a day (at 9:00, 11:00, 13:00, 15:00, 17:00, 19:00, and 21:00). The subjects spent most of their time at a desk and were not permitted to partake in any intense physical activity. The examination procedure involved acquiring the following data: secretory-immunoglobulin A (s-IgA)/total protein ratio, electrocardiogram data, oxygen intake data, calorie consumption data, and biophoton measurements.
The evoked photons were measured using a GDV device, Impulse Analyzer EPA (GDV) Compact (manufactured by Kirlionics Technologies International, St. Peterburg, Russia) bioelectrography device [25]. A GDV camera was connected to a computer, and the recorded glow image was digitally transformed using GDV capture software (version 1.9.9.2004). The GDV Analysis and Diagram software packages (both version 1.9.9), as well as the GDV Scientific Laboratory software (version 1.1.5), were used for further calculations and analyses.
During the examination, the subject's fingers were placed on the lens of the GDV device and the images were captured in a specified order (Figure 1). The   (1) is placed on the GDV lens (2), and the electromagnetic field is generated on the GDV lens by the booster (5). Gas discharge (gas discharge between the finger and the lens) (3) arises by the generation of the electromagnetic field due to electrons in the skin of the finger. At that time, the resulting light emission (4) is photographed by the CCD camera (6), sent to the optical system (7), the photographed content is digitized by the video converter (8) and sent to the computer (9).
angle between the fingers and the lens was maintained at 15˚ -40˚ (Figure 1).
The s-IgA/protein ratio was measured by directly collecting a saliva sample from the mouth into a 50 mL centrifuge tube.
The measured electrocardiogram and oxygen intake data were analyzed using a gas analyzer (IX-TA-220, Epson Seiko, Tokyo, Japan) manufactured by iWorx.
The daily heart rate was recorded using a GPS sports monitor (WristableGPS SF-810, Epson Seiko, Tokyo, Japan).

Analysis Method
Evoked photon parameters were applied to the GDV Meridian Analysis and Diagram software (version 1.9.9) and GDV Scientific Laboratory software (version 1.1.5). All GDV programs were developed by Konstantin Korotkov (Saint Petersburg State University). The value of area and intensity was calculated as the energy field index of the evoked photon parameter.
"Area" refers to the area of light emission, so the in vivo energy is high when this value is high. "Intensity" refers to the intensity of light emitted, so the in vivo energy and neural transmission ability are high when this value is high.
For analysis of s-IgA protein ratio, saliva was collected in conical tubes, frozen, thawed, transferred to a 1.5 ml micro tube, centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the obtained supernatant was used as a material. The s-IgA/protein ratio was calculated by measuring the immune protein content using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay and by measuring the concentration of protein in the saliva using the Lowry method [ s-IgA/protein ratio in the saliva = (s-IgA concentration)/(total protein concentration).
If the s-IgA/protein ratio is high, the subject will show high stress resistance. The heart rate was calculated from the electrocardiogram using the GPS sports monitor's Neo Run function for data processing. Calorie consumption was calculated from the relational formula between the heart rate and oxygen intake using the continuous heart rate recording method [30] [31].

Biomedical Statistics
All experimental data were compiled into Microsoft Excel 2016 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA). For statistical analysis of daily fluctuations of the energy field parameters, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized. Tukey's honestly significant difference test was used for multiple comparison assessments. Correlation coefficients were obtained using a t-test. The level of statistical significance in this study was set at 5%.

Level of Daily Activities
The average heart rate and daily calorie consumption of the awake subjects were 75.8 ± 9.2 beats/min and 936.4 ± 87.6 kcal, respectively. The subjects were within the standard deviation of the average Japanese person [24]. The heart rate varia-

S. Tsubouchi et al. Health
bility of Subj. S.N. is shown in Figure 2 as the representative value of subjects.

Daily Evoked Photon Fluctuations for Awake Subjects
The evoked photon energy field parameters of area and intensity were analyzed.

Correlation between the Evoked Photon Energy Field Parameters and s-IgA in the Saliva
There was a significant correlation between the area energy field index and the s-IgA level (r = 0.84, p < 0.05). There was also a significant correlation between the intensity energy field index and the s-IgA level (r = 0.78, p < 0.05).

Discussion
In this study, we used a GDV device to detect the luminescence phenomena of the evoked photons. This served as an in vivo energy state diagnostic marker.  From the above, the energy field indicator by GDV is expected to be a suitable index for quantifying human bioenergy in the fields of health and medicine.
According to Konstantin Korotkov, GDV is the electricity that is released externally because of the change in bioenergy and body tension resulting from exercise or therapy, which is considered to be beneficial to the body. Thus, GDV can be used to evaluate the bioenergetics of the body and human health [8].
In addition to conventional methods, we believe that using continuous body function measurement as one index along with this new measurement index can help provide an individualized health evaluation, although more subjects are necessary for convincing the relationship between the conventional methods and the GDV methods. The numerical value captured by the evoked photon parameter reflects a diurnal variation of fatigue stress, providing a new viewpoint for evaluating human health.

Conclusions
In this study, we investigated diurnal variations in energy fluctuations in human subjects using the evoked photon parameter. This evoked photon results from the weak light emission phenomenon derived mainly from reactive oxygen and free radicals in the living body. We examined the in vivo energy fluctuations during a 12 h period starting at awakening.
Biological information from the evoked photon parameter could be a useful index. The area and intensity of the energy field index showed a significant correlation with s-IgA levels, and it became clear that there was a synchronized relationship. A significant decrease (p < 0.01) was observed in the average area and intensity of the energy field index after 12 h from the initial value at awakening.
In addition, the mean value of s-IgA also showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) with respect to the initial value. A significant relationship was found in the S. Tsubouchi et al.