A STUDY ON IMPROVING OF INCUBATING-EFFICIENCY OF INCUBATORS IN ZHEJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA Zhenfeng Ge A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Management) International College, National Institute of Development Administration 2018 A STUDY ON IMPROVING OF INCUBATING-EFFICIENCY OF INCUBATORS IN ZHEJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA

Title of Dissertation A STUDY ON IMPROVING OF INCUBATINGEFFICIENCY OF INCUBATORS IN ZHEJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA Author Zhenfeng Ge Degree Doctor of Philosophy (Management)


LIST OF TABLES
Page        incubators not only set an example in the cultivation of new enterprises, but also play a benchmarking role in promoting the development of incubator industry; more importantly, they can effectively organize market resources, guide entrepreneurs to grasp new business opportunities, and have become an important driving force for a region or country to take the lead in this era.

Research background
Business Incubators are affiliated industries that emerged for entrepreneurial activities. Due to its promotion of the concept of entrepreneurship and the strong support of the growth of new businesses, the Business incubator has become a platform for public policy tools and commercial resources. It has the necessity of independent existence, development and research, and has generated broad market demand.
It is from the historical origins of business incubators and entrepreneurship. As early as in the late Middle Ages in Europe, the word "Entreprendre" appeared in French.
At that time, a time when European feudal society, the development of entrepreneurial activity has been greatly suppressed. Until the 14th century, the emergence of capitalism in Europe, along with the prosperity of commodity trade, the role of entrepreneurs in promoting the development of social productivity is increasingly apparent. In 1912, Joseph Alois Schumpeter proposed "innovation" and its role in economic development in the book "Economic Development Theory" and proposed that entrepreneurs are the concept of creative vandals and the direct promoter of innovation. With the development of economic management theory and the strengthening of free trade and economic globalization, it has greatly boosted the upsurge of entrepreneurial activities. At the same time, however, the cost of acquiring entrepreneurial resources is getting higher and higher. Entrepreneurs need a basic service organization that can obtain more concentrated business resources to help them, accelerate the cultivation of new enterprises, and resist the risks brought by operations.
It is because of this huge market and social needs that the incubator was born, and from the moment of its birth, it shouldered the heavy responsibility of social business infrastructure and resource allocation.
It is particularly noteworthy that the modern concept of incubator originated from poultry hatching in farms and was introduced to the commercial community by Joseph Mancuso, who is an American. In 1959, in Batavia, New York, Joseph Mancuso used the idle office building left behind by Massey Ferguson's bankruptcy to establish the world's first business incubator -the Batavia Industrial Center (An The area of about 850,000ft 2 ), which subsequently created tens of thousands of jobs in the region.
Therefore, Joseph Mancuso is also known as the father of modern incubators.
With the global economy has entered a period of rapid development, accompanied by a sharp increase in demand for new business cultivate, the business incubator industry has entered a golden period. European incubator first appeared in Britain in the 1960s, followed by the introduction of Australia and Asia in the 1970s; the late 1980s, under the impetus of the United Nations Science and Technology Development Fund, the incubator came to China, and has been widespread concern in the government. To make the business incubator better adapt to the characteristics of Moreover，the business model iteration of the incubator began to accelerate, and more and more attention was paid to the incubating-efficiency, whose main contents included resource integration ability, network coordination ability and new business cultivation efficiency in the vertical professional field.
1 Zero2IPO：It is a pioneer in China's entrepreneurship and investment industry and positioned as China's leading entrepreneurial and investment service platform and investment firm.  impacts, and theorizing about incubators-incubation", and it's slow going (Hackett & Dilts, 2004a). With the rapid development of the incubator construction driven by the entrepreneurial activity boom, more and more people begin to pay attention to the research in the incubator field, and gradually approach other research fields of entrepreneurship in terms of the number. This study is based on the methods and results of Zhu Jinwei and Zou Ling (Jinwei Zhu & Ling Zou, 2016)，Database resources, including Google Scholar and Baidu Scholar, were used to re-search high-frequency words related to the incubator study and update the data. The results were shown in Table 1.1 2 and Figure 1.1 2.

Research Significance
This study is of great theoretical significance in clarifying the core incubation elements and redefining the concept and classification of incubators. It provides a new thinking direction and theoretical basis for improving incubating-efficiency and making the incubator development plan for the government. This study provides a new theoretical direction for the development of the next generation of incubators.
Therefore, this study is a supplement and improvement of the research theory of incubation efficiency of incubators.

Practical Significance
Since entering the 21st century, the hot rush of starting business around the world, the number and speed of new business go beyond any period of history. In this round of entrepreneurial growth, incubators create a significant number of new jobs.
According to the OECD member states in the 2012-2017 social employment survey, each member of the new enterprise (employee number less than 9 people) showed considerable achievements, top three, respectively is South Korea, the United States, Turkey, such as Figure 1.1 3 (OECD, 2017). The incubation of the incubator as a service provider to integrate social resources, to channel entrepreneurship, to promote innovation, to incubate a new business, is the most concentrated service platform for entrepreneurial resources, and a core infrastructure of regional or national innovation and new enterprise incubation.  Generally, NE is classified into SEMs, and often need to face numerous crises and risks in the development process. Research shows that the failure rate of a startup is 40% in its first year and 90% in its tenth year(Z. H. Guo et al., 2007).European startups, on average one-third will be in the second year of its existence failed, and within seven years will also have more than half of business failures (Aerts, Matthyssens, & Vandenbempt, 2007).NE face the same situation in China, where the failure rate of entrepreneurs is as high as 90 percent (Pena, 2004).In order to improve the success rate of entrepreneurship, integrate resources, and reduce the risk of new business operations, the incubator has taken on the umbrella of NE. As an important policy tool to enhance regional innovation capability and economic vitality, incubators are promoted, supported and constructed by many national and regional governments (Pena, 2004).
Regardless of economic development or employment protection, promoting the rapid growth of new businesses in the region requires the region to have enough incubation capacity. Or, a basic cultivation platform consisting of a quality incubator is needed. In addition, measuring the incubation capacity of a region depends not only on the number of incubators in the area, but more importantly on the quality of incubation, i.e. the incubating-efficiency. As pointed out by Sean and David: (Hackett & Dilts, 2004b) ： Focusing on the nature of incubation process management and NE development results is to focus on the efficiency of incubation. Therefore, the in-depth study of incubation efficiency has objective practical significance. At the same time, there is a strong market demand for exploring a new generation of incubators and efficient use of incubation factors.

Innovation point in this thesis
The innovations of this research are mainly as follows: 1) By analyzing the resource elements, the effective incubation mode of the incubator is constructed.
At present, much research focuses on the overall cultivation efficiency of the incubator. There is a lack of analysis on the classification of the incubator according to the development stage and the matching of incubation resources, and the research on the business process of the incubator is vague. Based on the analysis of resource matching in different development cycles of NE, this study constructed a hierarchical incubation model, which can effectively optimize the incubation efficiency of existing incubators.
2) The new concept of incubation system was redefined.
The concept of new incubation system is based on the hierarchical model of incubation network, which can promote the sharing of incubating resources and improve the utilization rate of resources in the whole region.

Research scope
This study focuses on the incubating-efficiency of the incubator, and the main points are as follows：

Proposal range
The proposal including that the influencing factors of entrepreneurial activity, regional entrepreneurial environment and incubation analysis of NE, comparison of incubating-efficiency in the same region, and incubating-efficiency improvement strategies;

Research area
The sample is from Zhejiang region of china.

The period of investigation and Date collection
From 2015 to 2017；

Research objective
Based on the analysis of entrepreneurial elements and incubation mechanism, the efficiency of incubators in each incubation dimension is measured, and a new model of layered incubation system is constructed. On this basis, the improvement strategy of incubating-efficiency is put forward.  (Haken, 1978). Synergetic theory mainly includes three aspects: synergetic effect, servo principle and self-organization principle. Synergistic effect refers to the result produced by synergistic effect and refers to the overall effect or collective effect produced by the interaction of many subsystems in a complex open system. For natural system or social system, there are synergistic effects, which are the driving force for the formation of systematic orderly structure. In any complex system, when the external energy or the aggregation state of matter reaches some critical value, there will be synergistic effect between the subsystems. This synergy can cause the system to produce a synergistic effect at the critical point, causing the system to change from disorder to order, and to generate a stable structure from chaos. Synergistic effects reflect the self-organization of the system. Servo principle, that is, fast variables obey slow variables, and order parameters dominate the subsystem behavior. It describes the process of self-organization of the system from the interaction between internal stability factors and unstable factors. It is worth noting that self-organization is relative to other organizations. The hater-organization refers to the organization instruction and organizational capability from the outside of the system, while the self-organization refers to the system under the condition of no external instruction, the internal subsystems can automatically form a certain structure or function according to a certain rule, which has intrinsic and inherent characteristics. The principle of self-organization explains that under certain conditions of external energy flow, information flow and material flow input, the system will form a new time, space or functional ordered structure through many subsystems. As the carrier for the incubation resources, a network of resources around the NE will be finally formed through the linking of all kinds of incubation resources.

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
According to system theory, the resource network of this incubator is essentially a dynamic cooperative network system, which can be regarded as an integrated incubator system. In this system, the related resource provider will take the incubator as the key core of the incubator system. The system is independent, cooperative, competitive and cooperative. All units in the system jointly affect the quality and efficiency of the incubation of NE in the system.
In recent years, synergistic theory has been applied more and more frequently in  (Zhao, 2012).In addition, synergy theory is also applied to incubator financing services. Shan Lu et al. used the synergy theory to explore the key influencing factors of the coordinated behavior of the dominant enterprises and V.C.
institutions, and analyzed the evolution process, revealing the complexity of the synergistic behavior of the two. To provide a reference for further improving the ways to promote the coordinated development of venture capital (Shan Lu & Liming Zhao, 2011).
According to the synergy theory, the synergy in the system has a positive and negative direction. The positive synergy will make the entire incubation system appear in an orderly and efficient state, improving the efficiency of the entire incubation.
Synergistic theory has been widely used in incubator research. The incubation system built by the incubator to obtain the incubation resources and the ability to control the cultivation process of the NE are essential for the effective synergy of the incubation resources. Synergy is one of the main functions of incubator, coordination ability strong and the weak is the basis for efficient configuration of incubation resources.
H1：synergistic ability of the incubator in the process of NE cultivation has a positive effect on the incubating-efficiency.

Enterprise life cycle theory
In 1966  For NE in the first two stages, the production technology is still in the finalization, the products and services are in the experimental development stage, the market share is small, the capital is small, and the management ability is poor. Therefore, it faces a greater risk of entrepreneurship and should be worthy of incubation (David H. Holt, 1992 H2：The ability of the incubator to assess and judge the positioning of the NE development stage will have a positive impact on the incubating-efficiency.

Relevant theory to the efficiency research
To more fully understand the efficiency of the incubator to promote the NE development process. Here, this paper will start with the classic efficiency theory, namely Tomas·G·Rawski's efficiency explain, to more accurately grasp the connotation of efficiency. For business organizations, efficiency primarily refers to economic efficiency, which includes configuration efficiency, dynamic efficiency, and technical efficiency. The movement of point D to point C indicates an improvement in resource allocation; the movement of point E to point C indicates an improvement in technical efficiency (TE); the production boundary curve ADCB accelerates outwards while maintaining the same basic resources, indicating an increase in dynamic efficiency. As shown in Figure 2.3 1.

Figure 2.3 1 Tomas·G·Rawski's efficiency explain figure
Source: (Thomas G. Rawski, 1993) In 1957, Farell proposed that the efficiency of the technical aspects and the efficiency of the price together constitute a production efficiency of the enterprise in the case of constant returns to scale. The combination of these two efficiencies is the Comprehensive efficiency, called economic efficiency. Lau andYotopoulos (1971,1973)gives a definition of relative technical efficiency: Suppose there are two enterprises with the same input factors, and the output of the two enterprises is different, and the high-output enterprises are more technically efficient. Generally，technical efficiency is the potential ability to achieve maximum output or minimum cost under the given technical conditions when input factor conditions are certain. It refers to the availability of existing technologies. From the outside, the more adaptable the business system is to the enterprise, the more efficient the technology, and the higher the output.
In 1978，Fare and Lovell et.al further decomposes the technical efficiency (TE) into pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE). Total efficiency is divided into allocation efficiency (AE), scale efficiency (SE) and pure technical efficiency (PTE). Technical efficiency is the product of scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency. From the perspective of scale benefit, even an enterprise producing on the production possibility curve may lead to a certain loss of efficiency. However, this loss is due to the waste caused by not reaching the appropriate scale. Therefore, efficiency studies need to take scale into account. (Farrell, 1957)(Fä re & Knox Lovell, 1981. Barnum et al. proposed that In the case of input and technological advancement, unit output is determined by its technical efficiency. Technical efficiency is the total technical efficiency including scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency (Barnum & Gleason, 2007). As far as the incubator is concerned, its technical efficiency refers to the maximum output or minimum input of the incubator under the given internal technical level. It reflects the frontier degree achieved by the resource utilization capacity of the incubator.
In terms of efficient. At present, pare to efficiency and X-efficiency theory are the most widely used basic efficiency research theories. Pareto Efficiency 2 Pareto Efficiency means that in the most ideal state of resource allocation, there are situations in which some people can make their situation better without causing the situation of others to deteriorate. This efficiency can be productivity or distribution efficiency.
Production efficiency refers to the efficiency that the resources invested in production are fully used. Distribution efficiency refers to the distribution efficiency of production resources between producers, or between consumers, or within enterprises. Pareto efficiency means full utilization of resources for production and maximum efficiency for allocation. When using this theory, there are three prerequisites: First, the optimization of the exchange. That is, if re-trading, at this time, for any two consumers, the marginal replacement rate of any two commodities is the same, and the utility of the two consumers is simultaneously maximized. Secondly, the improve production.
That is, economic organizations must be on the boundary of their own production possibilities. At this point, for any two producers producing different products, the marginal technology replacement rate of the two production factors that need to be invested is the same, and the output of both consumers is simultaneously maximized.
Finally, the optimization of product mix, that is, the combination of products of an economic organization must reflect the preferences of customers. At this point, the marginal rate of substitution between any two commodities must be the same as the marginal product conversion rate of any producer between the two commodities.
In addition, there are many improved versions and new application methods in the development of Pareto optimal theory. The most famous is the Pareto Rule proposed by Joseph M. Juran, the 80/20 rule. According to the law, the incubator can identify the most promising NE that meet the regional economic development strategy through comprehensive assessment of the development of new enterprises. Combined with the NE life cycle theory and the 80/20 rule, it should be emphasized that the initial investment of NE in resources, improve the efficiency of the allocation of incubation resources, and reduce the cost of resource allocation.
As far as X-Efficiency Theory 3 is concerned from the relationship among production efficiency, resource allocation efficiency and X efficiency, production efficiency can comprehensively reflect the organization's resource allocation and X efficiency. In addition, it should be noted that X efficiency belongs to non-resource allocation efficiency, which is generated by human factors and organizational coordination. It is caused by an organization or motivation, that is, the root cause of X's inefficiency is the inconsistency between individuals and the organization's goals, while the organization fails to take necessary incentives. In the development of X theory, the following main views have been formed: ①for an organization, factors affecting its productivity can include resource allocation efficiency and X efficiency. If the organization adopts reasonable incentives to align individual and organizational goals, it may produce X efficiency and have a positive impact on production efficiency. ② The X efficiency of an organization depends largely on the individual efforts within the organization. An individual's level of effort is not a mechanically determined constant, but a randomly determined variable. ③Different market structure will lead to different X efficiency. In general, enterprises in totally competitive industries are more likely to produce corresponding X efficiency. (Hongjun Yu, 1996).By diagnosing the Xefficiency within the incubator, the rationality of the resource allocation of the incubator can be judged effectively. Youjie Ding et al. applied X efficiency theory to analyze the reasons for the low X efficiency of technology enterprise incubators in Anhui province, and put forward methods to improve X efficiency (Youjie Ding & Ling Dai, 2012).
The x-efficiency Theory has gradually developed into one of the basic theories of DEA research methods. In the practical application of DEA method, enterprise economic efficiency is divided into technical efficiency and scale efficiency. When technical degree is certain, production efficiency depends on technical efficiency.
Technical efficiency based on output is the ratio of the actual output to the most effective possible output, while the input-based perspective is the ratio of the most effective possible input to the actual input. Due to the existence of scale economy, the efficiency between enterprises must consider the impact of scale. Scale efficiency refers to the difference of efficiency caused by the change of scale, which explains whether the input quantity of factors reaches scale economy. Pure technical efficiency refers to the use efficiency of production factors and represents the degree of resource conservation or waste. Technical efficiency is the product of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Samuelson's PPF 4 points out that when the economy is operating on the production possibility boundary, it means maximum production efficiency. The efficiency of an enterprise can be understood from two aspects, the maximum output achieved under the given input resources, or the minimum input achieved under the given output level. In addition, Samuelson also believes that individual production activity is far from the production front, which can measure individual technical efficiency.
Based on the above basic efficiency theory, the incubator should avoid the phenomenon of uneconomic incubation. By building cooperation between incubation organizations and assisting NE to improve their management level, positive X efficiency can be generated in the entire incubation network. In addition, the scale economy of the incubator construction should be considered, because it will affect the performance of the incubating-efficiency. In the long run, the incubator should build an internal competition mechanism to make the NE in complete competition, effectively match the resources suitable for the characteristics of the NE through market means, strengthen business process management, and achieve the Pareto optimum of incubation elements, which will improve the overall incubating-efficiency.
The above analysis of the concepts of efficiency, technical efficiency and incubator technical efficiency is helpful to define the connotation of these concepts accurately and lays a theoretical foundation for the research of incubating-efficiency in this paper.
H3: the implementation of hierarchical supervision on the cultivation process of NE will have a positive impact on the incubating-efficiency.
H4: knowledge resource and service resource have positive effects on the improvement of incubating-efficiency.

Incubator
As the most important research direction in entrepreneurial research, incubator research has not only attracted the attention of management scholars, but also attracted the attention of researchers in other fields. In the research of incubator, many other fields of concept, definition, and theory have been borrowed. The scope is wide, and the system is complex, and many original concepts of concepts change with time and place. Since the first publication of the paper on incubator research in 1985, the connotation of incubator research has not tended to be consistent, and the theory has

What is the incubator concept?
Incubators usually refer to institutions that provide entrepreneurs with a variety of business value-added services and public business facilities; many times, the government also acts as a policy tool to stimulate regional economic development.
Some scholars believe that "business incubator is a controlled environment designed to cultivate new businesses." But so far, the concept of incubators has not reached a unified consensus in the academic world.
During the research of the incubator, many scholars tried to explain "what is an incubator" and gave different definitions. The most representative incubator definitions proposed by Smilor et al. in 1988(Hisrich & Smilor, 1988: The incubator is an organization that helps entrepreneurs to succeed in business with the support of the government and the use of various software and hardware resources. In Growing New

Ventures, Creating New Jobs: Principles & Practices of Successful Business
Incubation, it is pointed out that incubators should provide personalized service support based on different types of internal new businesses and different stages of growth, which can be seen as a Dynamic configurator and resource repository for start-up resources (Rice & Matthews, 1995).Adkins pointed out that technology business incubators provide start-ups with hardware services such as office space and office facilities such as printers, fax machines, computers, etc., and provide specialized technical services and other business support for incubators based on their own resource advantages. Helping NE grow healthily while promoting regional employment and economic prosperity. It has three major advantages: excellent infrastructure and a dynamic and innovative culture, plenty of social resources (management consultancy, investment institutions and other social services), Brand effect established by incubator " (Adkins, 1996).Mian believes that incubators are the mechanism builders to assist and promote the development of technology companies. The university business incubator is a modern enterprise development tool used by universities to provide support for cultivating high-tech enterprises. (Mian, 1996).American incubator expert Lalkaka defines the technology business incubator as follows: Business incubator itself is a system that provides incubation services for rigorously selected innovative knowledge-based businesses until they graduate. And help the scientific and technological innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises to effectively translate into products, and participate in the market competition (Lalkaka, 2003). Hengguang Li proposed that business incubator is an intelligent startup service industry that focuses on institutional framework, scientific and technological resources, intermediary services and financing services. (Hengguang Li, 2007).Jun Su and Zhifeng Yao believe that incubators are senior institutions that serve the government, universities and industries (Jun Su & Zhifeng Yao, 2007).WH Plosila and DN Allen reached the following conclusions after conducting field research on 56 start-ups being cultivated in 12 incubators: Business incubator is a platform specially established for promoting the development of startups. In addition to providing basic services such as physical space, office equipment and property services for NE, it can also provide services such as business management consulting, legal support, financial consulting and financing channels for enterprises.
They believe that the purpose of the business incubator is to help small enterprises to successfully survive the difficult period of the initial business stage and help them to achieve profitability when graduate (Plosila & Allen, 1985).Jianhua Zhou agrees that an incubator is a management agency platform specially designed to provide a centralized The most effective way to communicate the information resources of an incubator is through social networks, that is, building a successful and sustainable communication network has a significant impact on the incubator management (Cooper, Hamel, & Connaughton, 2012).Má s-Verdú, Ribeiro-Soriano & Roig-Tierno et al. agree that the main function of incubators is to motivate entrepreneurs, promote innovation and lead regional economic development (Mas-Verdú, Ribeiro-Soriano, & Roig-Tierno, 2015).
In addition, some researchers have found that the incubator provides necessary start-up support for entrepreneurs and is a tool to accelerate the success of entrepreneurship (Lai & Lin, 2015).
In the actual research, it is not difficult to find that such kind of incubation platform or organization is also diversified. "innovation center", "science and technology business incubator", "high-tech transform center ","University of Science and Technology Parks" etc. belong to the incubator field (Smilor, 1987) (Smilor, 1997).
On the other hand, many international organizations and institutions have given different explanations. UNDP 5 In the report of "Business Incubators in Economic Development-Preliminary Evaluation in Developing Countries". "An incubator is a controlled work environment designed to nurture NE. In this environment, try to create some conditions to train, support and develop some entrepreneurs and profitable businesses. "And propose "Its purpose is to create conditions for supporting, training and developing some future entrepreneurs and for-profit businesses". OECD 6 indicates that "The business incubator should cooperate with different participants to help the incubating enterprise to solve some temporary management needs. "MOST 7 refers that "The emergence of business incubators is due to the social division of labor, which aims to promote and realize the economic organization of high-tech industrialization. Its role is to provide entrepreneurs and start-ups with the necessary resources and services to reduce entrepreneurial costs and high-tech achievement conversion rates." NBIA 8 explain that Incubator for start-ups such as office space and of such as printers, fax machines, computers and other office facilities such as hardware service, and based on the resource advantage of itself to the incubated enterprises to provide specialized technical services and other various funds or consulting help, help start-ups start smoothly and healthy growth, promote employment and economic prosperity at the same time."

OECD
Business incubators should help NE address some temporary management needs and provide necessary support services, depending on the characteristics of the participants.

MOST
Business incubator is due to the social division of labor and it aims to promote and realize the economic organization of high-tech industrialization. Its role is to provide necessary resources and services for entrepreneurs and startups to reduce start-up costs and high-tech achievements conversion rate.

NBIA
As a development support tool for NE, business incubator provides necessary business hardware facilities and consulting services for new enterprises and promotes employment and economic development in the region.

Key findings
Allen & Rehman  An incubator is an organization that provides cheap office space and business consulting assistance to NE.
D. (Smilor & Gill, 1986) Through government support, incubators use their own resources, such as various venues, equipment and policies, to help SMEs and entrepreneurs start successful businesses.
Brooks (Brooks, 1986) The incubator is an organization with many NE, and provides flexible leasing places, business support services and professional management assistance, as well as helping new enterprises to obtain seed investment.
Smllor  Business incubators are not limited to the meaning of hardware, but also an innovation system designed to help NE develop.
Campbell & Allen (Campbell & Allen, 1987) An incubator is a building that provides a nurturing environment for the growth and development of high-tech enterprises.
Udell (Udell, 1990) An incubator is a place that can provide the growth of high-tech enterprises with less than the current market rent. It is characterized by providing Shared and centralized business services and other support services.
Longeneeker  A business incubator is that uses abandoned buildings to provide a cheap office space, administrative services, management consulting and other business support services for start-ups or individuals who want to start a business, so that they can focus on their core business without being distracted from the core business.
In such an organization, the enterprise can develop itself with the help of the resources of the incubator, which has great development potential.
Mian (Mian, 1994) Business incubator is a mechanism to assist and promote the development of technology enterprises.
Mark et al. (Mark, et al., 1995) Business incubator should provide personalized service support to incubated enterprises according to their different types and different growth stages, which can be regarded as a resource allocation center for start-ups. At the same time, business incubator is also a resource distribution center, because it can adjust the various resources required by the start-up in the incubator.
Culp (Culp, 1996) Incubators are an innovative tool used to promote economic fundamentals and foster new economic development. Such a tool creates a very convenient environment for the occurrence and development of innovation activities. The strong support of incubators for innovation has brought about changes in regional and even national economic development models.
Adkins Dinah (Adkins, 1996) Science and technology business incubators for start-ups such as office space and of such as printers, fax machines, computers and other office facilities such as hardware service, and based on the resource advantage of itself to the incubated enterprises to provide specialized technical services and other various funds or consulting help, help start-ups start smoothly and healthy growth, promote employment and economic prosperity at the same time. It has three major advantages: perfect infrastructure, active and innovative cultural atmosphere, enough social resources (management consulting agencies, investment agencies and other social services), and the brand effect established by the incubator. Mian (S.A., 1996) Business incubators are mechanisms to assist and promote the development of technology companies. The university business incubator is a modern enterprise development tool used by universities to provide support for cultivating high-tech enterprises.

S.A.
Sarfraz (Sarfraz, 1996) The business incubator is the role of the deployment center. The entrepreneurial instructor provides advice and guidance and assists entrepreneurs with various talents and resources needed for business activities.
Mark & Jana  Technology business incubator is a kind of enterprise assistant organization. The entrepreneur provides sound suggestion, advice, and services as needed to serve as a switching center for others and resource services.
Jing Junhai (Jing, 1998) The incubator is a system space with the service system for the survival and growth of NE.

Chaoying
In China, science and technology business incubator is called high and new technology entrepreneurship service center, which is a (Zhang & Zhang, 1999) specialized institution promoted by the government under the condition of market economy.
Cao Xiyu (Cao, 2001) Business incubator is a new type of social and economic organization. By providing high-tech enterprises with a place to start their own businesses, an environment, and the support of participating in entrepreneurial management, the risk of new hightech enterprises is greatly reduced, and the survival rate and success rate of new enterprises are high.
Li Gang et al. (Li, Zhang, & Chen, 2001) An incubator is a social service organization that provides commercial support conditions and services through its resources or through the network it builds and specializes in fostering the development of start-up businesses.
Rustam Lalkaka (Lalkaka, Technology Business Incubation , 2006) Business incubator itself is a system that provides incubation services for critically screened innovative knowledge-based enterprises until they graduate successfully and help them effectively transform their scientific and technological innovations into products and participate in market competition.

Ding Kun & Ling
Guoping (Ding & Ling, 2003) Technology Business Incubator is an ideal organization that assists startup organizations in coordinating all kinds of required business resources through various channels and stimulating their potential.
Qiang Lin (Qiang, 2003) An incubator is a socio-economic organization that implements an incubation mechanism.
Jin Jialin et al. (Jin, Li, & Liu, 2004) The incubator is to arrange some enterprises in the entrepreneurial stage to a certain area for unified training. Develop start-ups by providing management expertise, financial support, and key professional resources. Such a region will provide these businesses with the services they need to start the business.
Ming Dajun (Ming, 2004) Technology business incubator is a new kind of social and economic organization. By providing Shared facilities in research and development, production, operation and office, and providing support in policies, financing, laws and marketing, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements can be promoted, the risks and costs of entrepreneurship can be reduced, and the survival rate and success rate of enterprises can be improved.
Rustam Lalkaka (Lalkaka, Technology Business Incubation , 2006) A business incubator is a business unit whose initial development should be supported by the government, such as providing low rent (or rent-free). Incubators generally have buildings and a certain amount of money, are service-oriented, and rely on the help of universities and research institutes. They are closely related to informal organizations such as society.
Hengguang Li (Hengguang, 2007) An incubator is a system space for NE to gather and provide services needed for their survival and growth. It is an intelligent startup service industry that focuses on institutional framework, scientific and technological resources, intermediary services and capital preference. Its fundamental characteristic is system frame, intermediary service system, a kind of intelligence service industry. (Su & Yao, 2007) The incubator is a senior institution that serves the government, university and industry.

Jun Su & Zhifeng Yao
Bergek & Norrman (Anna & Charlotte, 2008) An incubator is an organization that provides start-ups with Shared space, Shared support services, expert advice, business support and network support.  (Cooper, Hamel, & Connaughton, 2012) Business incubation organizations, usually located in a science park and affiliated to a university of science and technology or research institute, provide a platform for collaborative systems to support integration. It has a special role for the country, enterprise, venture capital and society, and it plays a special role in stimulating entrepreneurship. -Verdú et.al. (Mas-Verdú, Ribeiro-Soriano, & Roig-Tierno, 2015) The mission of an incubator is mainly to inspire entrepreneurs, promote innovation and lead regional economic development.

Más
Wen-Hsiang Lai (Lai & Lin, 2015) Some scholars have found that the incubator provides the necessary start-up support for entrepreneurs and is a tool to accelerate the success of entrepreneurship.

Incubator taxonomies
In the development process of incubators, various types of incubators emerge one after another. Currently, the mainstream is divided into four categories:(1)Business incubator: most of these incubators are self-financing and profit-oriented.
(2)Nonprofit-oriented incubator: this kind of incubator is mainly of certain policy significance, industry orientation and public welfare nature, without profit pressure. In 1990, Allen & McCluskey divided the development of the incubator into three stages according to its functional attributes, and then divided the incubation task into two target levels according to its importance. Therefore, the incubator development model has become the recognized model and theoretical basis of the incubator research (Allen & Mccluskey, 1991).
Based on the research of various researchers, this paper obtained the scientific classification of incubator, as shown in Table2.4 2. The definition, connotation and classification of the existing incubator research are combined with the purpose of the research. The new definition of business incubator in this study is: modern business incubator is the concept of a pan-intermediary service organization, which is a platform organization providing a series of services and resources needed for the development of NE. The business incubator is which brings together regional economic resources, policy resources, human resources, intellectual resources, technological resources, to reduce cost of resources integration, and to provide the office space and property, management support, financial support, financial support, the support industry planning, policy support, business network, and a series of training services, and to emphasize the new industry guide, promote trade business resources, promote industrialization of new technology, the formation of innovation and entrepreneurship collaborative business infrastructure platform.
H5：The incubation efficiency of an incubator is related to its funding source and property rights.

Development studies of incubators
The development of incubators is a systematic, continuous process that shifts from monomer incubation to network incubation; from focusing on the services and products of individual incubators to improving the efficiency of research incubation.
Phillips believes that the particularity of the incubator depends on its own characteristics. (Phillips, 2002): ①Incubation is mostly based on high-tech innovative  (Bøllingtoft & Ulhøi, 2005).
Wang Shuilian pointed out that Chinese incubator research mainly focuses on four core issues: the location of the incubator, the business mode of the incubator, the organization of the incubator and the evaluation of the incubator (Shuilian .The incubator has the attributes of public goods in China, so the incubator will have certain advantages in the system. The government will give some support whether it is profitable or not (Fengtao Liu & Lumei Wang, 2005).As the competition in the incubator market intensifies, more and more incubators focus their management on improving the incubating-efficiency of NE and try to form an effective network of incubation resources through the cooperation of incubators.
H6：Whether the incubation resources are layered, and the degree of network connection of the incubator has a positive influence on the incubating-efficiency.
Based on the above research on incubator development, the main functions of the incubator are as follows: 1. Basic business functions: providing low-cost office space, equipment and property services.
2. Functions of startup services: government policy interpretation, startup capital subsidy, capital and talent connection, operation management and industrial financial difficulties will be caused regardless of whether it is funded. It is not enough for an incubator to rely on government investment and financial subsidies. It needs to constantly increase capital to achieve its sustainable development (Yongkun Ma, 2013). In

Incubatee
No matter the nature of the incubator, the comprehensive incubator does not limit the industry of NE.
Publicly-sponsored Ⅰ incubator has a large proportion.
Regardless of the nature of the incubator, the professional incubator should be limited to the industry of NE.

Publicly-sponsored Ⅱ incubator & For-profit incubator has a large proportion.
For-profit incubator will push NE to break up or reorganize and accelerate the scale of NE.

Developing trend
Resource owners translate to resource coordinators.
Emphasis on links and control, not ownership.
Oriented by industry or technology group and combining with community characteristics, it is developing towards regional professional incubator.
Strengthen the incubation network, break through the physical constraints of a single incubator, and become a resource node in the incubation network.
Higher incubating-efficiency is required to improve their profitability and sustainable development ability.
Focus on the cultivation process of NE rather than single financial indicators.

New Enterprise
There are various names for for-profit organizations run by entrepreneurs, and researchers or organizations do not have a uniform standard for such organizations. In general，the start-ups will be called New Enterprise、New Venture、New business、 incubated-enterprise and so on. But they share common characteristics：①It has a plan for starting a business.②It is still in the initial stage of business, but it has formed a team or organization.③Start-ups have been operating for more than a year, but have yet to generate sales revenue (Yuli Zhang & Dan Long & Jun Yang, 2011). Others, some scholars also analyzed and defined the development stage of NE. The organization shall operate for less than 8 years and be identified as a NE, while the organization shall operate for less than 3 years and be divided into its initial stage (Schuster, 2014) (Leung, Zhang, Wong, & Foo, 2006) .
To make the concept of a for-profit organization in the incubation stage of the incubator not cause ambiguity and confusion in the paper, this study identified a forprofit organization by entrepreneurs as start-ups, that is being cultivated in the incubator, and it will be called New Enterprise, Referred to as NE.

CPSED
Prof. Paul Reynolds from BABSON COLLEGE launched PSED 9 in 1998，Is an influential international research project in the field of entrepreneurial research. PSED is designed to enhance the scientific understanding of how people start businesses. The

Review of Incubation & incubating-efficiency
From classical economists to management experts and social managers, entrepreneurial activities are the source of social wealth creation. To effectively promote the economic development of a region is crucial to the basic incubation of NE.
Therefore, the research on incubators has gradually become the foundation and core of innovation and entrepreneurship research.

As an important branch of entrepreneurship research, incubator cannot be explored
without the support of entrepreneurship research. The core purpose of entrepreneurship research is to analyze the characteristics of entrepreneurship and the environmental factors that influence entrepreneurship, to find out its influence on the cultivation of NE by analyzing the influencing factors of the entrepreneurial activity, the efficiency of the incubator can be improved.

The impact of environmental factors on the incubation activities of NE
Davidsson pointed out that the incubator operation is based on the entrepreneurial activity, including the consensus judgment of the process, namely the interactive matching between the four elements of entrepreneur, entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial environment (Da Costa, 2012).
Entrepreneurship cannot be conducted without the specific social environment. The essence of an incubator is to simulate the artificial environment suitable for the growth of new enterprises, and through the adjustment of the simulation environment, make new enterprises interact with the outside world, and finally make new enterprises capable of commercial competition under the pure market conditions. For an incubator, the ability to build an entrepreneurial environment is the key to its competitiveness and the basis for its efficient utilization of environmental resources and improvement of incubating-efficiency. Therefore, many researchers studying incubators and entrepreneurial behavior have analyzed the entrepreneurial environment. It is generally believed that the entrepreneurial environment, which can provide the necessary resources for the entrepreneurial process, mainly includes: The main body of entrepreneurial behavior, entrepreneurial organization, environment and process, various factors that need to be faced and can be utilized in the process, etc. (Gartner, 1985) (Gnyawali & Fogel, 1994) (Specht, 1993).

The influence of risk perception factors on the incubation of NE
The activity level of a region's entrepreneurship activities, to some extent, reflects the degree of support of the region's entrepreneurship environment for the development of new enterprises, and it is also the basis for promoting the circulation of entrepreneurship elements, accelerating the development of incubators and improving the efficiency of incubation. And entrepreneurial activity and environmental risk degree has a certain correlation. Gelderen and Bosma survey findings, People's perception of the macro environment will have an impact on whether to launch entrepreneurial activities. If potential entrepreneurs perceive a higher risk of entrepreneurship and have no way to reduce the risk, they are more likely to give up their entrepreneurial activities.
Start-up capital has a negative impact on entrepreneurial activity. The smaller the startup capital required for entrepreneurial activity, the more likely the individual is to start a business. People in manufacturing are more likely to launch entrepreneurial activities (Van Gelderen, Thurik, & Bosma, 2006). Wagner and Sternberg used REM surveys to find that entrepreneurial risk aversion and higher land prices had a negative impact on entrepreneurial activity. The faster the region develops, the more entrepreneurial activity there is (Wagner & Sternberg, 2004).
The level of the entrepreneur's perception of risk can reflect the confidence in the expectation of success, which is the driving force for the development of new enterprises and one of the important factors to attract external investment. The incubator should focus on reducing the perception of environmental risk of the entrepreneur and the provider of incubation resources and increasing the confidence in the success of the NE while creating a stable cultivation environment. At the same time, it is also the core ability of the incubator to attract various resources to intervene, which is also the foundation of maintaining the incubator with high incubating-efficiency.

The impact of policy elements on the incubation of NE
In addition to the impact of risk perception in the environment, government policies are also an important factor influencing entrepreneurial activities. Study such as Meek, Pacheco and York suggest that, the central system (mainly refers to the policies formulated by the government) or the non-central system (mainly refers to the general norms of the society) has an impact on entrepreneurial activities. They found that both systems played an important role in facilitating the creation of new businesses.
The effectiveness of the government's entrepreneurial support policies on entrepreneurial activities depends on the degree of support from social norms in the environment in which the entrepreneurs are located (Meek, Pacheco, & York, 2010).
After Sternberg and Wennekers studied seven articles from the 2004 GEM research conference, they found that entrepreneurship is a regional activity, influenced by the social network within the region and regional policies. The level of entrepreneurial activity changes at different stages of economic development. There is a u-shaped relationship between the level of entrepreneurial activity and the level of economic development. With the gradual improvement of economic level, the level of entrepreneurial activity declines gradually and then rises gradually. (Sternberg & Wennekers, 2005).Li and many other scholars also pointed out that when the policy environment is supportive to entrepreneurial activities, it will promote the level of entrepreneurial activities in the entrepreneurial environment. When the policy is not supportive, the degree of entrepreneurial activities in the entrepreneurial environment will be suppressed (W. Li, 2002) (Davidsson & Henrekson, 2002) (Kim, Kim, & Yang, 2012).
From the above research, it can be inferred that for a large country like China, when the social, economic, cultural, policy and other environmental factors are quite different in different regions, the rules of entrepreneurial activity should be studied in different regions, rather than. As a base for foster NE, the incubator should help new enterprises obtain policy support to the maximum extent according to the characteristics of regional policies and build policy incubation resources with regional characteristics.

The influence of institutional factors on the incubation of NE
The institutional arrangement of a region is also an important factor influencing the incubating-efficiency. By comparing the degree of entrepreneurial activity in Russia and central European countries, Kontorovich found that the rate of NE creation in central European countries was higher than that in Russia. According to the research of Dean and Meyer, there is a negative influence relationship between market entry barriers caused by unreasonable institutional arrangements and entrepreneurial activities (Dean & Meyer, 1996). The net creation rate of new businesses in Russia has stagnated since 1994, mainly due to excessive taxation, excessive regulation and high barriers for entrepreneurs to enter the market (Kontorovich, 1999). Individual income tax, property tax, inheritance tax, gift tax, etc. (Bruce & Deskins, 2012). This study found that these systems were designed for mature enterprises, not new enterprises. Facing the challenges brought by the institutional arrangement, the prerequisite for the incubator to improve the incubation efficiency is to lower the threshold of entrepreneurship entry and reduce the impact of policy and system fluctuations on the development of NE, which is also the incubator's mission as the entrepreneurship environment regulator and specific public policy tool.

The impact of opportunity factors on the incubation of NE
As the starting point of entrepreneurial activity, the identification and exploration of entrepreneurial opportunities has always been the focus of entrepreneurship research.
As for the incubator, whether it can take advantage of its own resource advantages to explore new entrepreneurial opportunities of NE and make NE achieve explosive development through the resource allocation of the incubator is the key to the improvement of the incubating-efficiency of the incubator. Kirzner believes that opportunities arise from market demand, or identification of market segments and underutilization of available resources (Kirzner, 1997). Through the research on innovative entrepreneurs, a number of scholars have discovered four aspects of entrepreneurial opportunity identification:①No matter whether the entrepreneur has professional experience or not, he/she can identify the entrepreneurial opportunities derived from resource incentives by searching the environmental resource system. ②

Relevant industry experience of entrepreneurs will be accumulated in work out some
Tacit knowledge and related social networks, make they can make full use of their existing resources to identify opportunities; Entrepreneurs with no relevant industry experience mainly find opportunities in the process of solving existing problems or filling unmet needs. ③ The entrepreneurial opportunity of entrepreneurs with entrepreneurial experience is mainly based on problem orientation, while the entrepreneurial opportunity identified by entrepreneurs without entrepreneurial experience is mainly based on resource motivation. ④No significant differences were found in the main methods of opportunity identification for entrepreneurs with or without work experience and entrepreneurial experience, and they mainly relied on

The impact of incubation process management on NE incubation
As entrepreneurship relies on management, the object of entrepreneurship study is NE, which is different from the general enterprise studied in management. The mature management methods of enterprise performance management cannot be directly applied in new enterprises. Therefore, the measurement of NE performance is always a difficult problem in entrepreneurship (Davidsson & Steffens, 2011).For the first time, PSED uses actual sales revenue to measure NE performance. This requires the incubator to pay attention to the dynamic requirements of NE process performance, not only the static indicators of the results. (Brush, Manolova, & Edelman, 2008).In 2008, Liao and Welsh divided the entrepreneurial activity process into four parts: preliminary planning, resource input, marketing activities and legalization activities, and pointed out the importance of resource matching in promoting the development of entrepreneurial activities and the growth rate of entrepreneurial organization (Liao & Welsch, 2008). This also puts forward the specific requirements for the incubator to invest the incubation resources in different stages of the development of NE. It also puts forward some ideas on how to evaluate the performance of the incubation process of NE and improve the overall incubating-efficiency.

Characteristics of entrepreneurial activity in China based on CPSED research
According to CPSED survey, Chinese Nascent Entrepreneurship Prevalence is 4.77%, the number per hundred adults' entrepreneurs almost five people. In terms of the market area served, nearly half of NE serve the local market (47.6%), 22.3% serve the local market or 23.8% serve the national market, and 14.5% of NE are ready to enter the international market. Others, CPSED has also studied the relationship between factors such as entrepreneur, entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurial process and pursue losses that can be borne, rather than maximization of expected returns. The unbearable losses brought by entrepreneurship or the insurmountable obstacles of action lead to the abandonment of nascent entrepreneurs (Sarasvathy, 2001).
From the characteristics of China's entrepreneurial activity, this study believes that the incubator should combine factors such as China's social environment, system and regional policies to provide necessary support for entrepreneurs to overcome obstacles in their actions, including growth constraints such as services, policies and resources, to gain policy space for entrepreneurs. Providing policy makers with real data on new business development; reduce startup losses for new businesses. Providing a relatively stable and continuous entrepreneurial environment for NE is the premise and foundation to improve the incubating-efficiency.

Key findings as above all
Based on the analysis of entrepreneurial activity characteristics, the paper concludes that the influence of entrepreneurial behavior characteristics on the incubating-efficiency is as follows： 1. The characteristics of entrepreneurship are regional, and entrepreneurial policies and services are also regional.
For big countries like China, entrepreneurship research should be done regionally, not nationally. In terms of resource integration, the incubator should also conform to the characteristics of regional economic development and give priority to the construction of incubation resources within the region.
2. The incubating-efficiency is related to the matching degree of resources at the stage of NE entrepreneurial development.
According to the characteristics of the life cycle of a NE, the incubator should allocate resources according to the different development stages of the NE.
By reasonable matching, the incubation process can be accelerated, and the incubating-efficiency of the incubator can be improved.
3. The incubator can establish selection criteria for NE to enter the incubator according to its own resource characteristics, to improve the initial quality of new enterprises' incubation.
Characteristics of the NE and entrepreneurial team: ①with the establishment of a legal entity, the sales income can be achieved within 6 months or more within a year.②Within a year of its establishment, it has been profitable for 6 months or more.
4. According to the trajectory of the entrepreneurial activities of NE, the incubation resources can be designed into four dimensions of resource groups, that is, the incubation resource groups that serve four dimensions: entrepreneur, entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurial process and entrepreneurial atmosphere, to improve the matching efficiency of the incubation resources and the management efficiency of the execution process.
5. Lowering the entry threshold of entrepreneurship, improving the recognition ability of entrepreneurs for entrepreneurial opportunities, and creating a lowrisk entrepreneurial environment to enhance the confidence of external investors are a measure of incubation capacity of incubators, as well as the premise and foundation of improving incubating-efficiency of incubators.
6. Enough NE play a positive role in forming a stable internal incubation environment, promoting the interaction of entrepreneurial resources to build a complete incubation network and resource supply chain, and ultimately improving the incubating-efficiency.
According to the literature analysis and research in this section, Entrepreneurial Factors Analysis(EFA) is concluded in Table 2.5 1.

④ Legalization
To establish and register the organization.

Key Findings
The Deduction The characteristics of entrepreneurship policies, entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial activities show the characteristics of regionalization.
In a big country like China, entrepreneurship research should be done regionally, not nationally.
The integration of incubator resources should conform to the characteristics of regional economic development.

NE:
Realize sales income within 6 months or more within one year after the establishment of a legal entity.
Within a year, it has a profit of 6 months or more. H8 ： The stable cultivation environment of the incubator construction has a positive influence on the incubating-efficiency.

Overview of incubator-incubation
In recent years, the research mainly focuses on the business model and management performance of the incubator. How to optimize the incubating-efficiency of the incubator for NE through resource allocation and path design is the core problem to be solved in these researches. McAdam proposed that the incubator can reduce costs and improve organization operation efficiency for NE by providing public infrastructure, network services and property services (McAdam & McAdam, 2008).
The original need for incubation comes from the need for NE growth. Martin et al.
believed that small scale, lack of growth resources, lack of professional management talent and lack of market access threaten the survival of NE in the initial stage.
Incubators should help NE gain low-cost access to resources and grow quickly (Ruef, resources is an important sign that reflects the incubation capacity of the incubator, and the degree of utilization of resources also reflects the incubating-efficiency. At present, researchers who focus on the incubator incubation field mainly include Gema albort- at the initial stage of production, and the overlapping of identities enables the transfer of legitimacy between populations. It has been found that the similarity with the organization which has been widely accepted is an important channel for the new organization to gain legitimacy, which greatly accelerates the growth of the NE. As the scale continues to expand, existing organizations will occupy more resources. In order to protect their own development needs and avoid too many new organizations crowding out living space, existing organizations will actively set the threshold to inhibit the proliferation of the latter (Ruef, 2000)(J. Li, Yang, & Yue, 2007). In addition, public sector-led incubators, if they do not undergo the transformation of market operation, the government will not formulate normative regulations to give "MFN 13 "to all types of incubators in the region. In addition to the low operating efficiency of the original incubator, it will also, while consuming a large amount of resources, prevent the entry of other high-quality NE, make the incubator in the region produce reverse elimination, and finally maintain the low incubating-efficiency in the region. It is assumed that under the condition of constant short-term resources, the incubatingefficiency of an incubator is the key ability to plunder resources. It is the high incubating-efficiency, the stronger ability to acquire resources, and the lower cost of acquiring resources. Meanwhile, the lower cost of resources acquisition, the richer incubation resources, and the higher the incubating-efficiency for NE. The research also shows that the exchange of resources between the same types of incubator will be easier and more frequent, but the flow of resources between different types of incubators will be more meaningful to improve the incubating-efficiency of the incubator.  It can be concluded from the existing research that the lack of incubation resources is mainly reflected in capital, talent and policies. According to the results of literature sorting, it is shown in Table 2.5 2. From the incubation resources provided by the incubator, from the initial basic services to the full participation today, the incubator and NE are more closely integrated. This 14 FCE: Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method combination is more of operation, capital, market and technology. The growth of NE is not linear, and the incubator needs to complete its orientation of cultivation stage according to the growth stage of NE. Cultivating NE in different stages can make the supply of resources needed for each stage of incubation more centralized, large-scale and professional. This model of incubation resource supply will make the incubator reduce the time cost and operation cost when acquiring the incubation resource. It will also make it easier for an incubator to transform from a single incubator to a network platform organization and make the incubation resources provided by the incubators within the network more professional and timelier for the development stages of NE.
The conclusions are as follows： a) The marketization operation of the incubator is a prerequisite for studying the incubation efficiency.
Encourage the introduction of market-based competition mechanisms.
b) The core incubation resource supply capacity has an impact on the performance of new enterprises.
The resource supply ability is reflected in: The comprehensive quality of the entrepreneur; Ability to assist in developing enterprise strategy; Periodical hatching resource supply and matching ability; Industrial cluster and market network construction ability; Degree education resource supply ability; Commercial capability design capability.
c) The construction of incubator resources by category will affect the incubatingefficiency.
It can optimize resource allocation and improve incubating-efficiency by building five resource categories: infrastructure, business services, incubation network and cultivation, environment and policy, development and market. d) The high-level consulting services provided by the incubator to assist NE in strategic management will have a direct impact on the incubating-efficiency.
Since NE cannot develop development strategies and conduct performance management, the incubator needs to provide advanced consulting training and participate in the development planning of enterprises.
e) The sharing of incubation resources and networking construction are helpful to improve incubating-efficiency.
Single incubator, to strengthen the construction of the incubation network can make hatch resource intensive, resource exchange and collaborative lower cost, better incubation is easier to form the whole industry chain, industry talent and the interaction of the new technology more economy, supporting policies and Suggestions for more directly and matching, new product market of lower cost, and the combination of the regional economy more closely, the NE growth space more sufficient, the business financial efficiency is higher.
From the research on the efficiency of Chinese incubator, there are some deficiencies. Firstly, it does not pay attention to environmental variables and lacks a general analysis of the operational performance of the incubator and its action mechanism. Secondly, the incubator research mainly focuses on the incubation of hightech industries and enterprises, which does not have the universal value of the incubator operation and management. Thirdly, incubation is not regarded as an organic system whole, and there is no systematic theory explanation and analysis of incubatingefficiency. Finally, the research on incubators mainly focuses on the performance assessment of financial indicators, and the research on the incubating-efficiency is still lacking in both quality and specific areas.

Overview of incubating-efficiency
The understanding of incubating-efficiency needs to start from the efficiency itself, mainly borrowing the concept of efficiency in economics. In economics, efficiency means to maximize output on the basis of constant input of resources, or to minimize input under constant output (Jiao Zhang & Qun Yin, 2010). This study determined that the incubating-efficiency of the incubator reflected the comparative relationship between the input and output in the business activities and reflected the ability of the incubator to cultivate NE with the incubation resources. The research of incubator operation management and performance is the research of incubator incubating-efficiency.
There are mainly research methods and Chinese scholars on the incubating-  (Liu, Li, & Zhao, 2014).In terms of incubating-efficiency, PCA, factor analysis and AHP are also mainstream methods. For example, Liang Min analyzed the difference of incubator performance in different regions by using AHP in terms of basic service conditions, comprehensive service functions and incubation economic functions. It is concluded that capital is the key factor in the efficiency and performance of incubator (Min Liang, 2004). In the incubator performance indicator system constructed by Chan & Theresa and the incubation efficiency is measured, the resource endowment conditions, network advantages, funding subsidy capacity, market capacity characteristics and public image are taken into account comprehensively (Chan & Lau, 2005). Lingjuan Xu believes that non-profit incubators take political and social factors into account. The evaluation system was constructed based on political performance, service performance, process performance and economic performance, and the difference of incubating-efficiency was analyzed by PCA(Lingjuan Xu, 2011). As for the research on the incubation efficiency, this paper will analyze the research methods, the construction and network of incubation resources, entrepreneurship finance and the impact of the incubatingenvironment on the efficiency.
As a field of management and economics, efficiency study has many research methods and develops rapidly, among which DEA is the most popular in recent years.  OT line represents a Production function. OS line represents the effective production frontiers. DMUa is on the OT and OS, so DMUa is not only in scale efficiency but also in technical efficiency; DMUb is on the OS but is not on OT. DMUb is a weakly efficient DMU. DMUc is not on the OS and OT, so DMUc is non-efficient DMU.

The impact of entrepreneurial finance on incubation efficiency
From the perspective of investors, entrepreneurial finance is an important carrier for its wealth growth, but there is a greater risk in the investment of entrepreneurial activities. Richard (Rogers, 2009) Studies suggest that entrepreneurial finance refers to financing decisions entrepreneurs. From a portfolio perspective, the cost of capital does not depend on the overall project risk but is determined by the non-distributable risk of the project. The premise of this conclusion is that investors can spread risk at low cost.
Most investors believe that good ideas are not difficult to find, but it is difficult to find a way to invest in effective projects. Therefore, VC is in urgent need of a third-party platform with credit screening capabilities to reduce the risk of investment. From the perspective of the development of NE, the support of funds is self-evident for the growth of NE and is the basis for the collection of many entrepreneurial resources. In the traditional model of entrepreneurial finance, both parties negotiate directly, but the negotiation cycle of cooperation is long, and the transaction cost is high.
However, compared with the involvement of the incubator as a third party into venture finance, the efficiency of completing investment and financing is generally improved.
At present, the construction of entrepreneurial financial resources has become an important work in the operation of incubators and a core factor that directly affects the efficiency of incubation. It is important for the incubator to play the role of matching and supervision of funds and projects, provide a fair and stable implementation environment for venture investment activities, and be an ideal resource interaction intermediary. Entrepreneurial finance has the following characteristics: a) The separation of investment and financing decisions. At present, the research in the field of entrepreneurial finance draws on the theory of financial investment. The theory based on EN and VC is relatively mature, which emphasizes how VC solves agency problems through formal institutional arrangements (Jaffe, Gephardt, & Courtemanche, 1990) (GOMPERS, 1995 (Amit, Glosten, & Muller, 1990). In practice, the VC investment mechanism organically combines supervision, incentives and risk sharing, thus alleviating the agency problem in venture capital. However, the low efficiency of venture investment due to information asymmetry, the principal-agent model alone cannot solve the purpose of adding value to new enterprises through capital during the growth process of new enterprises, and VC institutions can hardly have any substantial influence on the behavior of new enterprises(Wei Zhang & Yanfu Jiang & Yaogang Chen, 2002) (Wijbenga, Postma, & Stratling, 2007). Generally, VC's investment cycle for entrepreneurial projects is 3-7 years, which requires the establishment of a long-term stable relationship and regular communication mechanism. However, if the VC relies solely on the power to force NE's decisions and behaviors, there is no buffer zone. So, cooperation between the two may not be sustainable. In the growth process of NE, there are high uncertainties in technology, products, market and management. Such high uncertainty also leads to the incompleteness of VC investment contracts. It is also unrealistic that the cooperation between NE and VC is completely subject to negotiation contracts. Some scholars specially studied the relationship of trust between investors and investors. According to research such as Sapienza, frequent and adequate communication can enhance both parties' information and improve investment efficiency. According to Social Justice Theory, both parties perceive that fairness is conducive to the establishment of trust. But it is difficult for both sides to perceive fairness through direct dialogue (Sapienza, 1992) (Sapienza & Korsgaard, 1996)(Yanfu Jiang & Wei Zhang, 2010. In addition, empirical studies have found that the fairness between VC and NE is positively correlated with NE performance, while the performance of NE is directly related to the incubating-efficiency. As for the relationship between investment and financing between investment institutions and NE, some scholars put forward that it should pay attention to two aspects, namely ①From the perspective of new enterprise, it carries out research.②Based on the characteristics of the development stage of NE, this paper studies the formation and evolution of multiparty cooperation mechanism and its influence on the performance of NE, so as to influence the incubating-efficiency of the incubator (Yanfu Jiang & Wei Zhang, 2010).
According to the above analysis and synopsis, the incubator can carry out the incubation financial services based on the agent mode, to solve the capital problem in the cultivation of NE and obtain the necessary profits. For VC, participating in this partnership can reduce the selection cost of project investment, improve the perception of investment trust, and make investment more efficient. For new businesses, access to funding from inside the incubator is cheaper and more stable. From the perspective of the effect of cultivating NE, the overall incubating-efficiency of the incubator will be optimized and improved through such symbiotic cooperation. It can be said that the efficiency of the use of entrepreneurial financial resources reflects the incubatingefficiency of the incubator.

Effect of incubating-network on incubating-efficiency
More and more researches show that network cooperation is of great significance for the incubator to improve the incubating-efficiency. Hite pointed out that network plays a key role in the survival and growth of NE from the perspective of relationship and the theory of resource basis. Entrepreneurial network is an important way to acquire resources (Hite, 2005). Entrepreneurial network relationship refers to the relationship established by all participants of entrepreneurial activities (Peng & Luo, 2000). Such interconnections form different degree of networks, from links between organizations to links between resources. For the development of NE, the network connecting the incubation resources is more valuable, which is also the practical demand for the incubator to integrate into the entrepreneurial network. The establishment of network relationship is usually based on business connection and policy (Wu, 2011).The network relationship under business connection can enhance the trust between organizations. The most important contribution is to bring "scale economy effect" to the organization.(Jun Wu & Jianzhong Xia, 2012) (Li Cai & Miaomiao Yin, 2008).In the real society, the network relationship environment is complex and dynamic. The dynamic environment is mainly caused by the diversity of market demand, the speediness of technology iteration and the instability of policy implementation. The dynamic environment will make it difficult for NE to predict the future development trend of the market and increase the cost of starting a business (Kovach, Hora, Manikas, & Patel, 2015). In general, network relationship becomes the resource base needed for enterprise growth and improves enterprise performance ( In the Chinese context, the effectiveness of entrepreneurial networks depends more on the implementation of adaptive governance mechanisms. The implementation of the governance mechanism helps NE to reduce the cost of partner search, improve the efficiency of resource allocation and better accomplish the complex collaborative tasks (Larson & Starr, 1993). Governance mechanism is rich in connotation, the most typical of which is learning mechanism, contract and trust mechanism. The learning mechanism will have a positive impact on NE performance, and the relationship strength can positively adjust the relationship between learning mechanism and NE performance. The application of learning mechanism to manage the relationship between NE and trading partners in the entrepreneurial network can promote the performance improvement of NE. Further, learning mechanism can better promote NE to acquire resources by using transaction relationship, making learning mechanism an important component of entrepreneurial network governance mechanism. However, the independent role of contract and trust mechanism does not help NE performance.
Compared with mature enterprises, NE rely more on the founder's social capital or previous relationships to purposefully contact trading partners. It contains the emotion, reciprocity and commitment between the relationship subject and the entrepreneur, which constitute the main means to maintain the relationship in the early governance process of the entrepreneurial network. The low legitimacy of NE makes trading partners highly evaluate the opportunistic behavior of NE, and NE has no ability to undertake the opportunistic behavior of trading partners. This means that NE may not be able to rely on market-based contractual mechanisms to govern network relationships, as mature companies do. As new businesses grow, the relationship between new businesses and trading partners cannot always depend on entrepreneurs to maintain. The entrepreneurial network must realize the transformation from the entrepreneur's personal network to the inter-enterprise network, which means that trust based on the entrepreneur's personal relationship may not be applicable to the enterprise-level relationship, and trust cannot be transmitted to the enterprise relationship through personal relationships. As Guo Chun & Jane research suggests, the entrepreneurial network of the NE is showing a trend of spreading from the core strong relationship circle to the peripheral relationship circle, which means that the trust function carried by the strong connection of entrepreneurs is decreasing, and the business market operation relationship is gradually becoming Network main body (C. Guo & Miller, 2010). The role of contract and trust mechanism is more manifested in a mixed interaction. There is no substitute relationship between contract and trust, but an integrated relationship that complements each other. In theory, this view responds to the integrated view of Gulati et al. (Gulati & Nickerson, 2008) on the complementary relationship between contract and trust rather than substitution. As the personal network of entrepreneurs is often embedded in the NE relationship network, the trust foundation formed by the individual social capital of entrepreneurs can guarantee the implementation of the network trust mechanism, and then through the high-frequency and high-intensity interaction with NE as the subject, it can further promote the improvement of the trust mechanism. On the other hand, relying solely on trust mechanism will make NE fall into the personal network of entrepreneurs and fail to realize the transformation to corporate network. (Peng, 2003). The incubator should integrate the contract and trust mechanism as effectively as possible, to reduce the cost of the network relationship of NE. Others, the endorsement of the incubator can effectively enhance the trust level of NE, improve the ability of resource acquisition and improve the performance of NE. The NE may also be appropriate to expand the size of its network through the incubator. The incubator's ability to compensate for the gaps in capabilities, credit, and scale of NE can effectively improve the incubatingefficiency of the entire network. Due to the existence of "new enterprise defects", it is difficult to use the value network for growth and development. Therefore, the incubator should use its own resource advantages to provide linkage and guidance services for the incubator network, thereby enhancing the growth of NE(Wei Han & Hongzhi Xue, 2008). In general, entrepreneurial activities rely on the resources of new companies, and the growth of new companies is based on the supply of resources. Most of the NE has poor ability to access key resources. As a result, NE needs incubators to help them get the resources they need to grow. However, the resource acquisition capabilities exhibited by individual incubators vary greatly. Only through the incubator alliance to form an incubation network can enhance the overall resource acquisition capacity of the incubator, thereby greatly improving the incubating-efficiency of the NE.
For the public incubator, it is only involved in the construction of the local incubation network, which plays an auxiliary role in the whole value network construction process of the NE. Due to non-profit characteristics, incubators rarely actively provide NE with coordinated services for key incubation resources. Therefore, the profitable incubator of market-oriented operation is more efficient. The efficiency assumptions thus proposed are: There is a positive correlation between the incubator's ability to master key incubation resources and the incubating-efficiency of new enterprises. In other words, the stronger the incubator's ability to master key resources, the higher the entrepreneurial incubating-efficiency; The degree of the incubator participating in the construction of new enterprise value network has a u-shaped relationship with the incubating-efficiency, that is, when the degree of participation is low, the incubating-efficiency is gradually improved with the degree of participation, but after reaching a certain degree of participation, the incubating-efficiency will gradually decline with the degree of participation(Gangli Liu & Qiangzhi Li, 2014).
The following inferences can be drawn from the above literature: ①The incubators of market operation are the most efficient at present, and their advantages lie in their high power and ability to acquire key resources. These incubators are run by entrepreneurs and professionals with a wealth of practical experience to embed NE into existing value networks. A professional management and service team is the core to improve the incubating-efficiency of NE.②Public incubators are at a disadvantage in terms of incubating-efficiency and lack of initiative to connect resources and integrate into the incubation network. Existing public incubators are more about providing basic services for NE. But relative policy resources and financial resources are enough. It will be Suitable for NE initial stage cultivation. ③Improving the integration ability of key resources and exploring flexible participation mechanism of incubation network are the direction and trend of the innovation of incubation organization in the future. Although various incubation organizations have different resource types, they tend to fuse and share under the market competition.

Effect of incubation resource construction methods on incubating-efficiency
The key to incubator operating costs is the cost of acquiring resources and incubation, industrial upgrading and integration with regional and urban economies (Bo Lv, 2014b). The research on the virtualization and networked operation of incubators to improve the incubating-efficiency has a broad space.

Impact of incubator performance criteria on incubating-efficiency
In the study of incubating-efficiency, an effective performance measurement and evaluation system can promote the improvement of incubating-efficiency, and the simple evaluation of profit indicators does not help the improvement of incubatingefficiency(Lingjuan Xu & Ninghui Liu & Dong Li, 2009). Gerhard suggested that the 4E performance evaluation method of economy, efficiency, effect and fairness be adopted to help incubators improve their incubation efficiency (Speckbacher, 2003).
K.F.Chan and Theresa Lau studied the efficiency of incubators by applying the organization theory and cluster theory, and put forward nine factors influencing the incubating-efficiency, such as resource aggregation advantage, resource sharing, consultation service, public image and network advantage (Chan & Lau, 2005 Li & Zongyi Zhang, 2012). Wang Hongwei pointed out that the incubator service plays a direct role in the influencing factors of enterprise performance and has a role in the influencing factors of NE performance. In order to improve the incubatingefficiency, the incubator should provide services and allocate resources around entrepreneurs, strategy formulation, and phased allocation of resources for NE, network environment construction, educational background education and skills training. At the same time, the research also shows that the service provided by the incubator is a path that influences the performance of NE, then influences the performance of NE, and finally influences the incubating-efficiency of the incubator. Therefore, the conclusion can be drawn that the incubating-efficiency can be improved by strengthening the service and product resource allocation of the incubator(Hongwei Wang, 2008). Xing Lei et al. believe that because environmental factors inside and outside the incubator will affect the difference of incubation performance, it is necessary to carry out the research from the micro perspective of NE (Marlow & Mcadam, 2012). In the research of performance on the incubating-efficiency, although the perspectives and conclusions are different, they all emphasize a common view, that is, in the research, it is necessary to examine the interaction between the internal and external factors of NE and incubators, as well as the important influence of such interaction on enterprise performance and incubating-efficiency. This also reflects the importance of process and dynamic management for the improvement of incubating-efficiency.

EO impact on incubating-efficiency
In recent years, many researchers in the field of incubating-efficiency have conducted analyses around EO. Li Yao et al. believed that EO has a significant impact on improving incubating-efficiency and improving startup performance (X. Li, Yao, & Wang, 2010) (Hu, Zhang, & Niu, 2009). The significance of EO is that it reflects the ability of NE to make development plans and implement strategic plans, which has a very important impact on the innovative growth of NE and the synergy of incubator resource allocation (Covin, Green, & Slevin, 2006) (Stam & Elfring, 2008). Some  Yu & Guofeng Wang, 2013). Most of these researches focus on the intrinsic mechanism of performance by influencing certain innovative behaviors or abilities from EO (Zahra & Garvis, 2000) (Raikes, Taylor, & Field, 2009). The EO of the NE is an attribute feature owned by it. In the "EO-Performance" relationship study, EO is analyzed concept. Generally, the resource endowment of NE can be divided into two categories: technology driven, and market driven. According to the growth characteristics of NE, EO can be divided into two categories: creation type and discovery type. Therefore, the incubator should consider the classification of EO when matching incubation resources, so as to make efficient use of resources(Rui Xing & Guohong Wang, 2015). From the related research literature of EO, it can be known that the incubation environment constructed by the incubator is more conducive to the survival of NE. The incubator should help NE to adopt the EO strategy to improve their innovation performance. The incubator should make full use of the EO effect of the public sector and other organizations on NE, and help NE share the entrepreneurial risks in a highly dynamic environment through the leverage effect of entrepreneurial finance, so as to enhance the willingness of NE to innovate; And should strengthen the resources of incubators in the construction of infrastructure, business support, innovative cooperation platforms and external exchange platforms, improve the supporting environment for incubation, and optimize the incubating-efficiency.

The relationship between efficiency and performance
The incubator, as a commercial infrastructure for business incubation, has its own attributes and is consistent with the general rules of business operations. Research incubators can start with their most essential operational management. The most typical management method of modern enterprise management is performance management, which is also the central topic of enterprise management.
In general, the company's priority is to pursue the best performance. Performance is the unity of benefit and efficiency. There are connections and differences between the two. When a company's return on investment is not as good as the bank's interest rate for savings over the same period, it is better to deposit the funds (occupied) into the bank. Benefits are the result of the conversion of resources used by enterprises. If value-added is realized, positive benefits, that is, profits, and negative benefits, that is, losses, are achieved. Therefore, a company must have benefits, otherwise it is wasting resources. A company must also be efficient. To make a company profitable or profitable, it should make its operations efficient. Efficiency means getting as much output as possible with as little investment as possible. Measuring the efficiency of resource use, such as time resource efficiency, can be reflected in the amount of work done in a unit of time, or the time spent on the same workload. The same thing is to do one thing. The efficiency is different, and there are differences in the creation of benefits. Sometimes the difference is very large. Therefore, improving labor productivity, improving operational efficiency, and improving resource allocation efficiency have always been the fundamental ways for enterprise management to reduce costs, increase output, and improve competitiveness. For managers, the organization of the implementation process should be completed as efficiently as possible. Because no process, no results, and no efficiency, no benefits. In a successful organization, high efficiency and high benefit are complementary, while poor management is usually inefficient and low-benefit.
Efficiency in an organization refers to the relationship between input and output, that is, the output created by unit inputs. Efficiency measurement is generally taken as the reference index of performance management. Efficiency improvement and optimization are the premise and foundation of performance management. Overall, efficiency = result/cost; Performance = results/behavior.
For the incubation organization, work around efficiency to reduce operating costs and improve incubating-efficiency by simplifying management operations. The emphasis on efficiency is also the foundation and premise of performance management. Therefore, the incubating-efficiency concerned in this study can better reflect the core competitiveness of an incubator.

Research Overview of Entrepreneurship & Incubators in Zhejiang, PRC
In June 2016, China's first incubator complex, GENESIS ARK, was officially settled in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, which also marks that Zhejiang province has been leading the nation in the construction of incubator. The incubator complex is similar to a comprehensive large supermarket, which gathers the main incubation resources at present, enabling NE to obtain the necessary entrepreneurial resources in one stop.
As early as 1990, the entrepreneurship center of Hangzhou high-tech zone, which was transformed into a state-owned enterprise, became the first technology enterprise incubator in Zhejiang province, which officially kicked off the development of the accounted for about 95% in incubating；The proportion of NE or entrepreneurial teams of less than 20 people is about 90%;Entrepreneurs have 5 to 10 years of work experience, and about 50% of those ages are 31-35 years old; Bachelor degree or above accounted for about 78%;The NE receives about 50% of the financing of 600,000 to 1.2 million (CNY), and the average government support fund is 220,000 CNY；Others, the survey also found that the average number of entrepreneurial training and consulting services for NE was only 7.2 times, and the training support capacity was rather weak.
The incubator performs well in basic support services such as taxes, office space expenses, property, and finance. The NE has obtained a good external financing environment, government financial support and a convenient internal entrepreneurial environment through the incubator, which has greatly reduced the cost of starting a business. According to the research of the literature in this study, the incubator in Zhejiang should help the entrepreneurial team to improve the talent structure, improve the entry threshold of the NE, and strictly control the source, to lay a good foundation for the improvement of incubating-efficiency.
From the perspective of the operation mode of incubators in Zhejiang in recent years, they are mainly concentrated in four types: ① Entrepreneurial coffee; Emphasizes the creation of a business atmosphere, which helps NE accumulate certain network resources and brand benefits through activities. For NE, they can conduct business through flexible leasing stations, all expenses are settled monthly, and the funds that occupy too many new businesses are avoided to the greatest extent. The main market segments are young entrepreneurs or start-up teams. ②Industry incubator; emphasizes the professionalism of incubation resources and the linkage of industry chains. This type of incubator focuses on industry characteristics, providing professional angel investment, industry entrepreneurial tutors, upstream and downstream industry resource docking, industry information and entrepreneurship counseling. The general incubation period is 18 months. ③ Incubator complex; emphasizes the integration of multi-party resources, and could manage government guidance funds, paying more attention to capital guidance and review of entrepreneurial projects. This type of incubator has a high concentration of resources, and has a wide range of radiation areas, and is supported by strong investment and financing resources, and is usually combined with commercial real estate. It is the core node of the entire incubation network and the typical infrastructure for regional entrepreneurship, often representing the highest level of development of a regional incubator. ④Characteristic towns; the formation of industrial agglomeration through industrial alliances, thus promoting the development of entrepreneurial activities. More emphasis is on the combination of talent, policy, industrial development, investment and financing. It is mainly based on government guidance and government financial investment and is an important place for the implementation of government industrial development plans.
But the essence is the same as the industry incubator, and it has expanded in connotation.

Related Policy of Entrepreneurship and incubators Overview
According to the NBIA research report, for every POS 19 invested in the incubator, tax revenue of about $45 can be generated in one year. In terms of employment, incubators create an employment opportunity cost about 1/9 of non-incubator. It will also drive new jobs in the region, which is about half the number of jobs created by incubators. At present, to improve the incubator in the region and improve the incubator In addition, the government still focuses its support on investment and merchant attraction. The management thinking has not changed, nor has it fundamentally improved the business environment to guide the incubator to improve the incubatingefficiency. According to the policies and regulations related to incubator. Construction in Zhejiang region (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016), the results is summarized as Table 2.6 1.

Government support funds for the construction of business incubators in Zhejiang
Amount/period 300 million Yuan (CNY) per year.
One operation cycle in 5 years.

Subsidy object
The first round of supporting subsidies and performance appraisal awards.
The proportion of subsidy First aid accounts for 25%.
Performance appraisal bonus 20% not more than 45%. The supporting funds account for 20% of the total amount of new product development of NE in key industries, and no more than 12% of NE in non-key industries.
For the talents (mainly doctors) introduced by the incubator, policy support, such as household registration service, tax, housing, social insurance and living allowance will be given； Other government support policies focus on rent subsidies for office, production sites and equipment.

Spatial contradiction
Overall, there are plenty of incubators in the region, but the incubators are mainly in central cities, and the CBD area is crowded.

Strategic contradiction
The incubator focuses on attracting investment but ignores the cultivation of NE in the incubator.
There is no gradient incubation between incubators.

Resource contradiction
The supporting policies of the government-dominated incubators are intensive, and the acquisition cost of various resources is low. However, the cost of acquiring resources is higher for non-government private incubators.
Investment policy and resources, but NE incubation related resources are insufficient.
Type imbalances There are many comprehensive incubators and there are few professional incubators closely related to the special industry.

Incubating-efficiency
Focus on the introduction of NE, lack of high-quality cultivation, the overall incubating-efficiency is low.
The single incubator is the main one, which does not form the whole incubation network and the circulation of incubation resources.

Summary Analysis of Knowledge Graph about Incubator Research
In

Chapter summary
The conclusions of this chapter are summarized according to the literature and related research.

This article literature summarizes
As for the research opinions of major researchers on incubating-efficiency, the government's evaluation standard of incubator efficiency and the insufficiency of incubator services are shown in Table2.8 1. The important field of modern management study is interdisciplinary.
The incubator operation is based on the entrepreneurial activity, and the incubatingefficiency is also based on the resource element allocation of the NE.
The incubator uses abandoned buildings to provide centralized, cheap and flexible rental places for NE to conduct research, development and office work. (Adkins, 1996(Adkins, ) (S.A., 1996  An incubator is not limited to the meaning of physical hardware, but also an innovation system to assist the development of NE, an innovation system designed for the development of high-tech enterprises, and an enterprise supporting institution.
It provides the necessary start-up support for entrepreneurs and is a tool to accelerate their success. The mission of an incubator is mainly to inspire entrepreneurs, promote innovation and lead regional economic development. The incubator should pay attention to the regional situation in the selection process of NE and improve the incubating-efficiency through collaborative innovation of incubation network.
The tendency of diffusion of entrepreneurial network from core strong relation circle to peripheral relation circle.
The incubator should take advantage of its own resources to provide the connection and guidance service of the incubator network, to promote the growth of NE. TRM was used to analyze the incubation network, and the four stages of network formation were defined, and the influence of the incubation network on the incubating-efficiency was obtained.
Liu Xiaoying et al. Gerhard used the 4E evaluation method to improve the incubating-efficiency.
In the research of incubating-efficiency, the author used the theory of organization and cluster to put forward 9 influencing factors, such as resource aggregation advantage, resource sharing, consultation service, public image and network advantage.
The cultivation of professional talents is an effective way to improve efficiency. The service provided by an incubator can affect the performance of NE, then affect the performance of NE, and finally affect the incubating-efficiency.
Improve the incubating-efficiency by strengthening the service and product resource allocation of the incubator. Growth support

Summary of Standardized Evaluation of Incubation-efficiency of Incubators
The ratio of management service area to total area, the ratio of incubation fund to incubation area, and the income of incubation service.
Social benefit NE accumulated tax amount, employment number, number of intellectual property rights.

Zhejiang Region
Incubation capacity Incubation funds, incubator space, professional technology and public service capabilities, human resource service capabilities.

Growth support
Employee qualifications and age structure, management service area and total area ratio, number of cooperative funds.

Social benefit
Number of employed people, number of intellectual property rights, talent support level.

Lack of Investment
Insufficient investment funds for NE development.

Lack of professional investment institutions.
Difficulties in government guiding funds.

Lack of Policy Support
Lack of individual social welfare funding policies for entrepreneurs.
Lack of tax support for NE.
Policy support is not systematic.

Lack of Nurturing Support
Lack of entrepreneur training.
Lack of professional skills training.
Lack of management and strategic training.
Based on the literature review, the measurement indexes, factors and the relationship between the incubating-efficiency and performance adjustment were obtained. As shown in Table 2.8 2 and Figure 2.8 1.

Policy support capacity
The proportion of incubator investment in government public investment. Per capita fiscal expenditure. Supportive policies for entrepreneurship. The total amount of special support funds for government start-up funds and incubators.

Regional environmental carrying capacity
Regional per capita GDP Regional per capita consumption; Regional innovation index. Proportion of regional foreign investment in GDP. The number and total amount of venture capital funds. Annual venture capital amount.

Intellectual support capacity
The number of regional universities and research institutions and their proportion in the country. Proportion of education graduates. The number of regional patents and their proportion in the whole country. Number of professional incubator employees.

Network collaborative maturity
The total number of incubators and the number of classified incubators. Scale of entrepreneurship association. Number of annual startup activities and project reviews.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This study uses a mixture research moth of quantitative and qualitative.

Quantitative Research
In the part of quantitative research, this paper uses DEA model to measure the incubating-efficiency of incubator.

Research Framework
The purpose of this study is to improve the overall incubating-efficiency of the incubator. The emphasis is on the analysis of the internal and external environment factors and incubation resource elements of the incubator that affect the incubatingefficiency, and the incubation resource allocation model based on its own positioning and industrial characteristics is found out. The main factors affecting the incubatingefficiency, the efficient layered incubation model and the strategy to improve the incubating-efficiency are proposed.

Hypothesis
The basic assumption of this paper is as follows: in the incubation process of NE, the intensity of incubation resource investment and incubating-efficiency have positive effects; The incubator property and funding source had no effect on the incubatingefficiency. Specific assumptions are as follows: H1：The synergy capacity for the incubation process has a positive impact on the incubating-efficiency.
H2：The incubator's ability to locate the N.E.'s life cycle will have a positive impact on the incubating-efficiency.
H3：A hierarchical regulation of the incubation process for a N.E. has a positive impact on incubating-efficiency.
H4 ： Knowledge resource and service resource have positive effects on the improving incubating-efficiency.
H5：The incubating-efficiency is related to the funding source and ownership of the incubator.
H6：Hierarchical incubation resources and incubator network connection degree has a positive effect on incubating-efficiency.
H7：The sales of N.E. can reflect incubating-efficiency levels.
H8 ： The stable cultivation environment constructed by the incubator has a positive influence on the incubating-efficiency.
In this paper, I.V. has 3 dimensions for a total of 5; D.V. has a total of 2, as shown in Table 3.1 1.

Population
The total sample size of this paper is 59 incubators included in national statistical monitoring in Zhejiang province.
It is the overall distribution of incubators in Zhejiang province. By June 2017, Hangzhou, Ningbo and Jiaxing accounted for about 60% of the total number of incubators in the province. According to the distribution of incubators in Zhejiang province, they are mainly located in Hangzhou, Ningbo and Jiaxing, accounting for about 76.76%. The above data comes from Association of Zhejiang Province science and technology business incubators.
In this paper, 15 representative national incubators will be selected from the total sample.

Sampling
In this paper, the snowball sampling method in the non-probability sampling method is used. Snowball sampling refers to the process of collecting samples from the total samples and then recommending new samples based on the selected samples. In this paper, three typical incubators in Ningbo that researchers are most familiar with were first selected from the total samples. Selection criteria for these three incubators: ①Comprehensive, ②Established long time, ③scale. Based on the recommendation of the sample incubator, the incubators with high recognition in Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Jinhua and Wenzhou were selected for investigation. The advantages of this sampling method are low cost, good sample stability and relatively high sampling efficiency. At the same time, because of peer recommendation, avoid too much research in the subjective selection.

Samples
According to the distribution of the overall samples of incubators included in the statistical monitoring in Zhejiang province, 15 incubators in more concentrated areas such as Hangzhou and Ningbo will be selected as the samples for efficiency measurement. Hangzhou, as the provincial capital, has a relatively concentrated sample with a long operation time, and 7 typical incubators are selected; As a city with municipalities with independent planning status, the incubator policy and statistical data are calculated separately, which is not included in the statistical scope of Zhejiang province, and 4 representative incubators are selected；Jiaxing is in the northern part of Zhejiang province, bordering Shanghai. In recent years, the construction and development of incubators have been rapid, with prominent geographical advantages, and two typical incubators have been selected. There is Yiwu commercial and trade area in Jinhua city, with obvious economic characteristics, numerous NE, and one representative incubator is selected. As the most developed private economy in China, Wenzhou is also a region where SMEs and entrepreneurs are concentrated. It selects one representative incubator. The specific units to be measured are as follows：

Research Instrument
This paper will carefully select and study the tools of quantitative research based on the characteristics and research purposes of incubating-efficiency measurement.

Design about the Model, Algorithm, and Measure-index of DEA
Incubating-efficiency mainly refers to the research on the relationship between resources input and output, that is, whether the resources in the process of cultivating NE are fully utilized, which is an important condition for measuring whether the incubator has sustainable development value. Now, the evaluation of efficiency is based on the theory of microeconomics and depends on the calculation of production function. Among them, gross production function or frontier production function are two main efficiency measurement methods.
The gross production function describes the relationship between social output, employment and capital. The frontier production function is developed on the basis of random leading-edge row number. As it is closer to the actual operation, the application of this theory has been rapidly developed, and it has become the mainstream method of efficiency measurement at medium and micro level of enterprises and industries.
According to the different methods of determining the frontier theory, the technical efficiency calculation is divided into parametric method and non-parametric method.
The classification of efficiency measurement method is shown in figure 3.1 2.

Figure 3.1 2 Classification of Efficiency Measure Methods
All the methods have advantages and limitations. There is no unified conclusion about which method is used in the actual research. Due to the strong applicability of non-parametric method in solving practical problems, it can effectively avoid the dependence of parametric method on model, which has been increasingly favored by relevant researchers. Jing thinks that non-parametric methods have the trend of gradually replacing parametric methods and become the direction of research development (Wang Jing, 2012).
Combined with the nature of the research problem, sample acquisition and data structure, this paper uses DEA method in non-parametric method to measurement the incubating-efficiency. The main advantages of DEA model in efficiency measurement are as follows： 1. Different types of data can be processed synchronously without pre-dimensional data processing.
2. There is no need to determine the index weight. According to DMU data DEA, the optimal weight will be automatically calculated. With the development of DEA model measurement technology, many improved models have been evolved. From the characteristics of entrepreneurship activities and the incubators' cultivation of NE, it is easier for the incubators to grasp the resource elements at the input end, that is, compared with the output results of incubation, it is easier to control the input elements. In addition, in actual operation, the incubator is in the state of variable return on scale, which is a dynamic management process for the cultivation of NE. The incubating-efficiency is affected by the incubator scale, coordination capacity, external environment and other factors. Therefore, the nonoriented DEA Model (input-prioritized) is selected to analyze the incubating-efficiency.
According to the CCR Model proposed by Charnes et al. (Charnes, Cooper, & Rhodes, 1978).The basic operation of the model is assumed to be in n DUMs. The input and output of each DUM are m and p, respectively, and then ℎ is its efficiency index.

Formula(1)
Formula (2) is the relative efficiency of the 0 th DUM. Where is known statistics; with the weight coefficients ， as variables; the efficiency index ℎ of all DMUs is a constraint. In the DEA calculation, the efficiency of the 0 th DMU is relative to other DMUs, which is a relative concept.

Formula(2)
As shown in Table 3.1.6 about DMUs and its input-output relationship.  (Banker et al., 1984).Assume ：1≤j≤m, Indicates the j-th output variable of the k-th incubator, and m is the number of incubator output variables； ：1≤i≤s,Indicates the i-th input variable of the k-th incubator, s is the number of input variables of the incubator； 1. TE ： Comprehensive technical efficiency, that is, the maximum output capacity obtained under given input.
2. SE：It reflects whether to operate under the most appropriate investment scale.
3. PTE：It reflects the production efficiency of an enterprise due to factors such as management and technology.
According to the development status and operation characteristics of the incubator industry in Zhejiang province, this paper adopts the radial distance calculation of some indexes in the model parameter setting, and the other indexes is the mixed algorithm of non-radial measurement. The model planning formula is as shown in Formula (4).

Formula(4)
Based on the above DEA Model comparison, the technical efficiency and pure efficiency of sample incubator incubation were measured through the non-oriented DEA Model (input-prioritized), and the incubating-efficiency grade and influencing factors were analyzed on this basis. Provide information support for future in-depth interviews.

Data Collection
According to the requirements of the non-oriented DEA Model (input-prioritized), the data in this paper will be quantitatively studied by adopting normative official statistical data. In this study, the statistical yearbook of the ministry of science and technology, the government of Zhejiang province and the national torch center were consulted, and relevant government policies and documents were interpreted to collect important data needed for the evaluation of the incubator efficiency in Zhejiang province. The 2017 China Torch Statistical Yearbook is the main data source.

Data Analysis
For the analysis of collected data, data processing and efficiency measurement analysis were conducted by using DEA analysis software MaxDEA, and effective DMU of efficiency measurement was obtained. When the key factors of data were extracted, the HAC analysis and calculation were carried out by SPSS software, and the factors affecting the core incubation resources of the incubator were obtained.
Specifically, multiple input and output indicators need to be determined when studying the efficiency of an incubator using the DEA model. Therefore Province (Wang Jing, 2012). According to the characteristics of the incubator, it will start from the hatch resource input indicators both material resources and services resources: Material resources include investment in incubation funds and space of incubation sites; service resources include the scope of incubation services, the number of entrepreneurial instructors, and access to external investment and financing. As a commercial infrastructure and public policy tool, incubators should consider social benefits, in addition to economic benefits in the setting of output variables. Therefore, the number of employed persons and the total income of the incubator are included in the selection of output indicators. The Non-output index system of incubatingefficiency of incubators is as shown in Fig.3.1 3.

The Reliability and Validity in Quantitative
In this paper, uses the data from the government statistical yearbook in the quantitative research section. The yearbook data has the characteristics of stable structure, high credibility and scientific method. Moreover, the Non-Oriented DEA Model (Input-Prioritized) is used in the research and analysis. According to the characteristics of the DEA method, DEA is a linear programming method without dimension and pretreatment, which is widely used in related efficiency research.
Therefore, the quantitative research part of this paper does not need to be tested for reliability and validity.

Qualitative Research
In the qualitative research part, this paper mainly uses the literature research method and the deep interview method and cooperates with cluster analysis.

Research Objectives
The qualitative research part of this paper is to be included in the survey of

In-depth Interview
This article will conduct an in-depth interview with a total of 21 people, that is, each incubator management staff, a total of 9 people; each incubator service object 1 each, a total of 9; incubator supervision of a government official; incubator researchers 2 name. The list of interviewees is shown in Table 3

Research Instrument
This study will first design an outline of in-depth interviews, and in the interviews mainly based on the outline questions and control. At the beginning of the interview, the background of the research will be done and the necessary communication with the interviewees will be carried out to alleviate the concerns of the interviewees and guide the interviewees' opinions on relevant issues to be fully expressed. At the same time, interviewees are encouraged to provide information about relevant research, allowing interviewees to talk about what they are interested in. After the interview, cluster analysis will be carried out with SPSS. The outline of the in-depth interview is shown in AppendixⅠ.

In-depth Interview Questions Collection
The interview is dominated by face-to-face in-depth interview, which will be assisted by remote video if the face-to-face interview cannot be reached. The interview content is recorded in the form of audio recording or interview notes. The interview is executed according to the interview outline designed in advance. Usually, the interviewee will make an appointment with the interviewee one week in advance, and the interviewee will be informed of the topics of this interview in advance, so that the interviewee can prepare. The time of each interview is limited to about 60 minutes, and the interview location is mainly confirmed by the interviewee. To keep the interview from interference, the interview is usually conducted in a quiet and private place. The process and structure design of the interview refer to the research of Kvale (Kvale, 1997). In the first stage: introduce the main purpose and significance of this study to interviewees and understand their thoughts and basic judgments. The focus of his work is to enhance mutual understanding and make interviewees understand interview boundaries, terms and some basic concepts, to lay the foundation for the next stage of work. The interview process in this stage is open; In the second stage, the interviewees were interviewed semi-structured according to the interview outline. The focus is to understand the allocation of incubation resources, business process of incubator, new enterprise, and other substantive issues related to research.

Data analysis
After the interview, the research will sort out the interview data and conduct qualitative research based on the literature and theory, and finally form the interview report. For the analysis of qualitative research materials in this paper, KJ method is mainly used for induction and summary. Main process: material summarization → information analysis, KJ processing → induction → summary.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this Chapter，paper will present the research results, findings and discussion.

Overview of Research Results
Based on the relevant data of Zhejiang provincial department of science and technology, the present status of incubators in the region and the characteristics of incubation efficiency were obtained. non-profit organization's subsidies, and in terms of property rights, it belongs to government departments or social groups. Therefore, the pressure on the incubator to make profits is not high, which leads to the more traditional thinking of the incubator operation and management, and the efficient use of resources loses its power. Others, the access to resources and market development are not all dependent on market channels.
The second, the incubator industry in Zhejiang province is not in a completely competitive market, and administrative barriers to some extent cause the reverse elimination mechanism of the incubator industry. In recent years, with the acceleration of industrial iteration brought by technological changes, regional competition for talents and new technological resources has become increasingly fierce, thus changing the external environment of incubator operation. This results in the optimization pressure of the external environment on the efficiency of the incubator industry, that is, the market environment shapes the demand for efficient incubators, thus forcing the incubating-efficiency of the entire region to have the external power of optimization.
Finally, based on the development characteristics of incubators in Zhejiang province and regional industrial structure, the distribution of measured samples selected by this research is shown in Table 4.1.

Analysis and Results
In this section will present the details of research results and findings.

The Measure-index Construction of DEA Model
The standardized operation of the efficiency measurement index is to better reflect the incubating-efficiency evaluation accuracy of the incubator. The operating principle is set as follows：

Scientific Principle
Indicators are research services, usage specifications. Reference materials should be authoritative and stable.

Representativeness Principle
It follows the 80/20 theoretical principle, that is, it reflects the efficiency characteristics of index construction and avoids the overlapping of index connotation.

Feasibility principle
Data collection should be available and economical, and the applicability of the measurement model should also be considered.

Simplicity principle
The indicators should be set directly to the purpose of the study, in terms of presentation and structure to strive for conciseness.

Dynamic and static combination principle
The indicators are static, and the changes and development continuity of the incubator should also be considered.
In accordance with the above criteria selection principles, the establishment of the incubating-efficiency indicator system will be considered from two aspects: input and output. In terms of input, it will start from human and non-human resources; In terms of output, as the incubator is different from traditional business organizations, the setting of output indicators will consider both economic benefits and social benefits.
This paper combines the development status of the incubator in Zhejiang province with the factor demand for the development of NE and the hypothesis of incubatingefficiency in pre-sequence research and builds the measurement indexes of DEA model around the incubation environment and incubation capacity.

Environmental factor
Any organization will be constrained and challenged by various environmental factors in its daily operation. This paper will extract corresponding DEA efficiency measurement indicators by focusing on the resource elements needed for the growth of NE and combining with the internal and external environmental factors of incubator operation. To be specific, the measurement index of incubating-efficiency will be constructed from the dimensions of basic service capacity, supportive service capacity, policy support environment and investment and financing environment of the incubator. The external environment is composed of investment factors and government support factors, and the indicators mainly reflect the ability of the incubator to obtain external resource support.

Incubation capacity
The strength of incubation ability will directly affect the incubating-efficiency, and it is also the embodiment of the core competitiveness of the incubator. Incubation ability mainly refers to the ability of the incubator to supply the resources needed for the NE to grow in a certain period, including software support, hardware resource input, and the incubator's own management level. These capabilities are combined to reflect the number of entrepreneurial instructors who can provide entrepreneurial coaching and support in the incubator, as well as the number of incubator staff per capita. Therefore, in terms of incubating ability, this paper will build the measurement index of incubating-efficiency based on the number of entrepreneurial tutors and the scope of service.

Incubating-efficiency
The incubating-efficiency is mainly reflected in the final output of the incubator.
In addition to the economic benefits of other organizations, social benefits are also included in the results. For any organization, profitability is an important indicator of economic performance, which can well reflect the sustainability and stability of organization development. At the same time, the social benefits of the incubator as a public policy tool are well evaluated. The paper considers the output of the incubator from the aspects of economic benefit and social benefit. Based on the dimensions of social contribution and sustainable development ability, it will construct the evaluation index of incubation efficiency. The sustainable development ability mainly refers to the survival ability of the incubator itself, which is mainly reflected from the financial indicators.
The specific incubating-efficiency of the incubator DEA measurement index is shown in Table 4.2 1.

The Operation of DEA Model
The data of Table 4     Moreover, from the results of incubating-efficiency is effectiveness. In general, TE value can be used to determine whether the production capacity of an organization is fully released, that is, whether there is possibility of improvement in DMU. At the same time, it can also judge the overall incubating-efficiency of the incubator, namely the strength of the incubation capacity (Wang Jing, 2012). When TE<1, the incubator did not make full use of all the incubation resources it input, resulting in the output value lower than the input value, and the incubating-efficiency of the incubator was low. When PE=1, the incubator is at the production frontier, which indicates that the incubator has made full use of the input resources and has achieved the optimal output at the present stage.

The Operation of HAC
To deeply understand the difference of efficiency between incubators in Zhejiang province, better analyze the causes of the difference, and provide basis for the optimization of incubator incubation path and improvement of incubating-efficiency.
In this paper, the results of DEA measurement are analyzed by HAC.
TE reflects the overall technical efficiency of the incubator, while AE reflects the unit allocation efficiency under the known conditions of the input price of incubation resources. The two reflect the efficiency of the incubator from different perspectives, but any indicator is not comprehensive enough to describe the incubating-efficiency of the incubator. To make the incubating-efficiency of all incubators more comprehensive and balanced when quantified, this paper takes TE, AE as the basis, and refers to the efficiency values of PTE, SE and CE as the analysis basis of HAC. Furthermore, in the process of data processing, HAC has been verified that the calculated results after standardization of original data are consistent with the direct application of original data analysis. When the HAC is configured for the category, two results are generated, which are divided into three categories and two categories. However, due to the small difference between the clusters of DMUs classified into three categories, and the overall conclusion is no different from the two categories, to effectively find out the main factors affecting the incubating-efficiency, this paper is divided into two categories after comparison and consolidation. The calculation is completed by SPSS 24 software, As Shown in Table 4.2 11.  A.E. and T.E. take square Euclidean distance and inter-group connection as the algorithm basis of HAC analysis, and the clustering pedigree chart formed in the process is shown in figure 4.2 3.

Qualitative research on incubating-efficiency based on interview
As for the research on incubator efficiency, this paper not only uses DEA model to start with quantitative analysis, but also conducts field research on the operation and management of the incubator. Through in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders of the incubator, this paper further clarified the incubation status of the incubator in Zhejiang province, and verified the role of indicators in the DEA model that had an impact on the incubating-efficiency in the actual operation of the incubator, and the hypothesis of the impact on the incubating-efficiency. From the perspective of qualitative research, this paper reviews the incubator status of Zhejiang province and the improvement path of its incubating-efficiency.

In-depth Interview
The researchers conducted 22 in-depth interviews with incubator's managers, N.E.
managers, researchers and Supervisor from administration department of Government, by face-to-face, all of who were drawn from six cities: Hangzhou, Ningbo, Jiaxing, Jinhua, Hongkong, Tianjin. Table 4.2 14 illustrates the respondents in this research of interview. However, a random survey has been taken with the in-depth interview.

The Key Opinions of In-depth Interview
The In-depth interview program is shown as Appendix Ⅰ. The key results were found from in-depth interviews; the meaning was considerable as the previous research.
During the interview these members of researchers and experts focusing the field of incubators and entrepreneurship co-incited that the incubator needs to solve the problem of resource allocation and incubating-efficiency. At the present stage, the distribution of incubation resources in Zhejiang province is consistent with the development stage of the incubator. In addition, it is proposed that the incubator needs to evaluate the NE development stage and provide corresponding incubation resources targeted support, to improve the incubating-efficiency of the existing incubator. They stated in the interview as follows: This is also the reason why the overall incubating-efficiency of Zhejiang incubator is not high. In addition, she also proposed that the foundation and premise for the incubator to develop in a professional direction is to make a more accurate judgment on the incubation of NE or teams, and to help NE to find the stage of development.
Only in this way can the incubation resources be allocated effectively, and the overall incubating-efficiency is improved. J.Qin pointed out that the incubator in Zhejiang province is still too dependent on government or public sector subsidies, and its own profitability is not strong. does not indicate the profitability of the enterprise, nor can the incubation capacity and efficiency of the incubator be judged from the NE income alone. The concern of incubating-efficiency is reflected in the targeted allocation, effective utilization and sustainable development of incubation resources of NE. This is different from the mature enterprises outside the incubator. From the perspective of the business process of incubator, seemed to lack the standard requirement of the exit, in Zhejiang province are most of the incubator for NE to enter certain examination or review, but for graduation or exit is not restricted to specific standards, which makes the NE growth to reach level or incubator graduate quality are difficult to compare or quantitative. It also brings difficulties for NE to develop independently after they exit the incubator. The "Policy support is critical to the incubator industry. Good policies can promote the development of the incubator industry, but inappropriate policies can also be the bottleneck of the development of the incubator industry. From the support policies of Zhejiang province for entrepreneurship and incubator construction, the current support mainly focuses on tax and direct financial subsidies, and there is no professional industry-leading support policy, nor is there any incubator support policy for regional industrial upgrading. As the policy is mostly at the macro level, it also brings inconvenience to the incubator management departments in actual operation. In the end, they can only simply implement tax and direct economic subsidies. Such policy implementation will promote the duplication construction of regional energy incubators, including the types of incubators and industries that support the development of NE. As a result, the market allocation of resources is ineffective or unable to form complementarity, which leads to the lack of synergy in the allocation process of hatching resources. Therefore, the incubator efficiency of Zhejiang province generally has room for improvement. Furthermore, he said the government should provide more human resource policy support and transparency of resource information such as talent, science and technology and government affairs. The allocation of incubation resources mainly relies on policy guidance and market competition and no longer emphasizes the control of property rights or the subsidy of direct funds. This is also to reflect the survival of the incubator and improve the incubating-efficiency, which requires the government to change the management philosophy and method.
Finally, he said that the government is more concerned about whether the incubator can better improve the employment rate in the region, especially to solve the employment of graduates. In the next phase, the government will pay more attention to the professionalism of the incubator; this professionalism includes the structure and level of the incubation service professionals, the industry focusses of the incubator and its positioning in the industry value chain, and the incubation resources that match the industry of interest. Configure concentration. It is also hoped that the incubators in various regions will form a large incubator network with complementary advantages, and the incubators in the region can develop in dislocation and strengthen cooperation.
Government authorities act as coordinators of information, resources, talent, and technology exchanges in incubating network relationships, rather than poverty alleviation of individual incubators." To the result mentioned around the supporting of operation and management during the incubating period. Interviewees, who are all from the N.E. or the operator of incubators, stated as follows: "The main profit point of the current incubator is still from the traditional rent and government subsidies. In recent years, the income from additional services such as talent introduction and project declaration has begun to increase. The increase in these additional services is also dependent on the government's guidance and entrepreneurial activities. Incubator managers have expressed the need to strengthen technology services on the current basis, expand external market links, and strengthen cooperation with other organizations to form a gradient incubation industry chain. Some incubator managers said that they need a lot of resources to invest in talent introduction and scientific and technological achievements, but they should be controlled in hardware facilities such as space. Incubator managers feel that there is a lack of professional entrepreneurial management talent resources, and mature patent conversion and application support services are still lacking. Although the current incubator can obtain relatively stable and sustained government subsidy income, this part of the income has become a fund for maintaining the operation of the incubator itself, and can no longer be invested in the cultivation of NE. The ability to connect to the external venture capital market is an urgent bottleneck for the incubator. They also said that when the NE industry category fostered by the incubator is more concentrated, the easier it is to build and configure their entrepreneurial resources, which means that the incubatingefficiency will be higher. If there are the same industry incubators in the region, but between the different incubators have the resources focus is different. Through cooperation and communication, it can also promote the rapid growth of NE. The incubator's ability to evaluate the accurate positioning of the NE's development stage is conducive to the later management convenience and will also help to provide targeted incubation resources. This aspect is also the consensus reached by the Zhejiang incubator industry." "The entrepreneurs in the incubator generally feel that the administrative color of the incubator is strong at present, the market competition is insufficient, and the allocation efficiency of the overall incubation resources is not high. They said that incubators are more supportive in taxation and hardware facilities and that start-up funds such as small interest-free loans are more convenient and provide a lot of basic business services. However, the continued support for the growth of NE is not enough.
Many incubators lack professional entrepreneurial instructors to provide professional advice on the development of NE. Moreover, the NE categories in the incubator have different differences or homogeneity, and they do not form an effective internal collaborative environment, and even compete with the same platform and resources.
The NE in the incubator are not closely connected with each other and have not formed a good communication channel. This also exposes the current lack of capacity for the construction of the incubator environment in Zhejiang incubators. However, incubator managers and governments are more concerned about the business income and jobs provided by NE, and have less support for NE development strategies, talents and market channels. Although there are some specific industry-oriented incubators in Zhejiang province, overall, they are still large and comprehensive, and they do not make good use of the industry advantages. What NE need most is the financial resource support in the market development stage and the talent resource support in the research and development stage. It is also hoped that the incubator can simplify the cycle and process of project approval, entrepreneurship guidance, investment and financing, and improve the efficiency of NE in utilizing the incubator resources. NE operators also say that if incubators can build a stable professional incubation environment and support incubation at different stages as their businesses grow, it will have better results and the graduation cycle of NE will speed up. It is also hoped that the direct involvement of industry resources will form a controllable difference in the environment of the incubator. When new businesses choose an incubator, they are more concerned about whether it can provide strong financial support. At the same time, it is also hoped that there will be more cooperation between the incubator and the industry so that NE can integrate into the large resource network through the incubator as the window of resource link. If the incubator can provide a personalized customized solution, mainly based on the development needs of the NE, and the step-by-step resource package selection will attract more high-quality NE." In additionally, common opinions stated with interviewees as follows: "At present, the incubator does not form a transparent and standardized business operation norm for the entry threshold of NE; the incubator does not make a suitable assessment for the development level of NE; the financial support services for NE are not active, most the situation is that the NE actively proposes the passive organization review of the incubator after the application; for the talent support, which is mostly the regular cooperation policy, there are few human resource solutions for the needs of the NE. These problems can cause the inside of the incubating environment is unstable, difficult to reflect the fairness or effectiveness of resource allocation, making NE growth slow, the incubation period is longer. This is also the reason why the overall incubator efficiency of incubators in Zhejiang Province needs to be improved. In addition, within the incubation network composed of the same incubator or multiple incubators, the more the number of NE, the more diverse the development stages of NE, the greater the value of incubation and the overall utilization of resources."

Generalizing the In-depth interview as above context by KJ
Through the association of interview materials, research hypotheses, related content, opinions, suggestions and ideas of incubation a factor, the KJ method is used to classify and merge, and the factors affecting incubating-efficiency and the direction of improvement are analyzed. The standard operation procedure is as follows: In the summary of the interview content, to make the expression clearer, the main body of the incubation activity will be combined, that is, the operation manager of the incubator and the NE operation management personnel are collectively called the Incubating Activities Direct Participants.

Discussion of the Research Findings
The findings were found from the DEA model and In-depth interview survey as table 4.3 1. And the author's comments will be presents in the discussion.

The discussion of findings as environment factor
The environmental factors on which the development of the incubator depends can be divided into internal and external; at the same time; it can also be analyzed from the aspects of policy, market, internal cultivation and external network. However, there are strong links and intersections in all aspects, not independent of each other. Therefore, this article will discuss the incubation environment factors of the incubator from the perspective of the regulator.
First, for the government, the subject of regulation, at the macro market level, the government should create a business environment with transparent laws and regulations and let the incubators participate in fair competition. With the adjustment of the market to the allocation of resources, high-quality incubation resources will be concentrated in more efficient incubators, so that mergers and reorganizations will occur between the incubators, and less efficient incubators will be eliminated, to improve the efficiency of regional resource allocation and improve the incubating-efficiency of the incubators.
Second, in terms of supportive policies for incubator development, government authorities need to act as a good coordinator, rather than conducting poverty-alleviation control on individual incubators. At the current stage of the development of incubator industry in Zhejiang province, the government should provide more information resources in the fields of talent, science and technology, government affairs, law and finance, and avoid extensive property rights control or direct tax subsidy. Further transform the function and mode of supervision and become the basic service provider and policy firewall for the incubation industry development.
Thirdly, policy orientation is an important factor to promote the rapid development of an industry. Inappropriate policy guidance will cause the incubator industry to fall into the bottleneck of development, resulting in repeated construction and dilution of important resources. Therefore, the government should combine the regional resource structure and industrial planning to pay attention to the professional construction of the incubator, which includes the structure and level of the incubator service professionals, the focus of the incubator itself and it is positioning in the industrial value chain, as well as the concentration degree of the incubator resource allocation that matches the industry concerned.
In addition, as for the incubator operators, they would like to separate the basic services such as business registration, license representative and financial personnel agent from the operation and submit them to the specialized basic incubation platform for centralized processing. And its resources to focus on science and technology service, professional knowledge training, financial innovation and help NE and the external market docking, create their own unique brand image, and by strengthening the multilateral cooperation to build a network of external resources, including incubator and incubator, governments, universities, enterprises, investment institutions, industry associations and other groups formed by the link. This external network is not only an important source of incubation resources, but also the basis of establishing a layered incubation system.
Finally, it is necessary to guard against the emergence of systemic risk in environmental factors due to supportive policies and incubator management capabilities. From the internal and external environment of the incubator, if there is no effective incentive mechanism and elimination mechanism for incubator supervision and new enterprise cultivation, then more incubators will meet the regulatory requirements to obtain continuous support policies and subsidies. Requirements, which led to the false prosperity of the entire industry, but this has squeezed the opportunity for high-quality organizations to obtain resources, undermining the synergy benefits of the incubation network, leading to the withdrawal of the head incubator companies, and eventually forming a systematic system in the region. Reverse phase-out mechanism.
To this end, government regulators and incubator managers should strengthen the introduction of external venture capital institutions, appropriately limit public investment (government support funds), increase the incubating-efficiency through competition, and prevent systemic risks of "reverse elimination mechanism".

The discussion of findings as incubating ability
The strengths and weaknesses of incubation resources are a direct manifestation of the incubator's ability to incubate. The construction of incubators in Zhejiang Province should focus on the utilization of resource stocks, focus on the introduction of professional resources based on scale of control, and strengthen the links between various organizations to form an effective network of incubation resources and increase the capability of incubation. Among them, the channel construction of professional venture capital and the recruitment of high-level talents is the most important factor in the construction of many incubation resources, which is also an important reason for many NE to choose to settle. Judging from the current level of talent service in Zhejiang incubators, it is more conventional to cooperate with the implementation of government policies, and there are few services that provide human resource solutions for the needs of NE.
The quality assessment of the new enterprise itself is an important means for the incubator to improve the quality of the NE, which will directly affect the efficiency of the incubation. If the NE itself is not competitive enough, the resource utilization capacity of the incubator will be insufficient, increasing the cultivation cost of the incubator. When the incubator can accurately assess the development needs of NE, invest in resources that are comparable to the growth level of NE in stages, and improve the incubating-efficiency. For example, for NE in the mid-incubation period, incubators need to pay more attention to their market operations and product services, helping NE to scale up and reduce costs.
In addition, incubating ability is also reflected in the structure of the internal environment and entrepreneurship education for NE. Effective entrepreneurship education and a stable small environment can prevent NE from being disgusted by other mature companies at the beginning of their establishment, helping NE to survive the most vulnerable infancy and promote the rapid growth of NE. At the same time, good internal environment will also generate new inter-enterprise contacts to form network synergies of resource allocation within the incubator, to further enhance the value of the unit of resources. The orderly management of the incubation environment and entrepreneurship education for NE is an important responsibility of entrepreneurial tutors. Therefore, the incubator's ability to incubate depends to a large extent on the strengths and weaknesses of the entrepreneurial tutor resources.
Finally, the strength of the incubator is also reflected in the attractiveness of the incubator to the client, that is, the ability to obtain quality NE. The cultivation of NE is the fundamental value of the existence of incubators. The output of incubators is based on the output of NE. The allocation capacity and incubating-efficiency of incubator incubation resources are also reflected by the growth of NE. Therefore, modern incubators should pay attention to the introduction of new enterprises while doing a good job in resource construction. Through the development of its own brand building and market activities, we will try to expand the number of high-quality NE and pay attention to the distribution of NE industrial structure. This is also the basis for the incubator to be able to specialize.

The discussion of findings as output factor
The incubating-efficiency will be expressed by the output of the incubator. For an incubator that is a profit-making organization that participates in market competition and is also a policy-adjusting tool, its output depends not only on economic benefits but also on social contributions.
At present, the supervision and evaluation of incubators in Zhejiang Province overemphasizes the tax revenue and turnover generated by NE. It is not reasonable for process cultivation and industrial guidance. This is unreasonable. This paper believes that when judging the efficiency of an incubator, it should pay more attention to the contribution of its society, such as the employment impact of the region and the leading ability of industrial development. The object of the incubator service is the NE. The NE is different from the mature enterprise and is not competitive in terms of operational stability and profitability. However, the government can implement corresponding economic policies through incubators, guide NE to carry out industrial layout, optimize industrial structure, and improve employment. More importantly, it can form a highland of talents, capital, technology, and information, so that relevant industry resources can gather and radiate around the incubator. This has extremely important social value for the sustainable development of a region.
From the results of model calculation and discussion and analysis, there is still much room for improvement in the overall incubating-efficiency of incubators in Zhejiang Province, especially the scale efficiency is low. In addition, the survey also validated the research hypothesis, and confirmed the path of incubator efficiency improvement based on literature theory and hypothesis and the feasibility of constructing a new efficient incubation model.

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION
This chapter presents a conclusion of the study which based on the data presented, analyzed and interpreted. In addition, the chapter presents a policy recommendations and ideas for further research.

Overall Research Overview
This The research on incubating-efficiency of incubators has great historical significance for China in economic transformation and has important social value for meeting regional economic growth and promoting technological innovation. The importance of incubating-efficiency is reflected in the sustainable and stable development of society, mainly in solving regional employment problems and improving innovation capacity. Employment and innovation are the driving force for regional economic development and the embodiment of regional competitiveness. This again shows that research in the field of incubation efficiency will have far-reaching significance for the development of the incubator industry and will become the mainstream in this field. The research in this area can accumulate preliminary research experience in the future breakthrough research results in the field of incubators. Which combined with the new tiered system incubator concepts and models proposed by the Institute of Chapter III was at this stage incubator incubating-efficiency optimization practice to provide a theoretical support.
Any mechanism innovation process must contain a breakthrough in the original system, the birth of a new model must be the result of grafting or reform the old system, and in line with the development of industry trends. The market requires enterprises to improve the efficiency of their own resource allocation, so as to compete in a fair environment, has reached the Pareto optimality of social resource allocation. This paper studies the improvement of incubating-efficiency, which is in line with the identity of the incubator as a market participant and the social interest of regional development.
Through the sampling survey and research on the incubator in Zhejiang, the most mature economic development in China, it provides practical evidence for the optimization strategy of incubator incubating-efficiency and provides a theoretical basis for the innovation of incubation model.

Signification Findings and Consequence
For the incubator, it is necessary to assume the social responsibility of the policy tool as the regional business foundation, but also to reflect its own business value. No matter how the external environment changes, it has the commonality of social responsibility and sustainable development needs, which also leads to Different incubators have the same incubating-efficiency attributes and similar influencing factors. Based on the cluster analysis of DEA calculation results of sample incubator, this paper classified and combined the difference of incubating-efficiency and influencing factors of incubator in Zhejiang province, further discussed the influencing factors of incubating-efficiency of sample incubator through in-depth interviews and verified the research hypothesis of this paper.
This paper finds that the incubator in Zhejiang province has a positive effect on promoting regional employment. The incubation of the incubator for the NE is roughly the regional economy. It also incorporates the economic base of Zhejiang province, the ability to innovate, the level of education, the structure of the resources, the basic needs of the region's employment, finance, and industry upgrades. From the distribution of the incubation capacity, there is a problem with the imbalance, which is that the incubation of ability to attract NE, there are very large differences in the inner regions of Zhejiang province. Considering that the operation fund sources of the incubators in Zhejiang province are relatively single, mainly from the subsidies of the government or public institutions, the concentration density of regional incubators and NE supported by policy funds is obviously high. Such a single source of funding also makes the incubator subject to certain administrative interference, and its operation loses the significance of market competition, resulting in increased operation management and supervision costs, decreased incubating-efficiency and NE guidance, and greater room for improvement in incubating-efficiency. In addition, the policy support mode of capital subsidy also hinders the generation of competitive impetus, making the overall improvement of the incubating-efficiency in the region more and more difficult, and gradually forming the anti-elimination mechanism. These defects are the side effects of supporting policies, hindering the free circulation of incubation resources and the process of the complete marketization reform of the incubator industry. The incubatingefficiency can neither be optimized well nor be generated by industrial synergy. At the same time, the immature market environment makes the incubator industry with systematic risks and hinders the independent generation of competition and cooperation between the incubators, which makes it difficult to build the incubation network system, and it is also difficult to have an efficient X-efficiency within. The policy change is the key to break the bottleneck of incubating-efficiency optimization. It is also the prerequisite for establishing a fair and orderly competition environment and the best way to avoid systemic risks.
As a region with developed private economy and high marketization degree in China, Zhejiang province can reflect the status quo of China's incubator industry development, the difficulties to be overcome in optimizing the incubating-efficiency and the ideas to improve the incubating-efficiency. The innovation of incubator model in Zhejiang province provides practical basis and theoretical support for Chinese incubator to improve incubating-efficiency. Through the whole hierarchical incubation and efficiency improvement model system proposed in this study, the existing entrepreneurial resource allocation mechanism can be optimized, current incubation support policies can be improved, the systematic risks generated by policy guidance of the incubator industry can be reduced, and the overall incubating-efficiency of a region can be improved. At the same time, the design of the new layered incubation and efficiency improvement model has been confirmed by the industry and professional researchers in the qualitative research. Combined with the purpose of this study, through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the research conclusions are summarized, as shown in Table 5.2 1.

Recommendations and Further Research
This study provides an idea for the construction of a new incubation model, provides an optimization strategy for the improvement of incubating-efficiency, and provides policy Suggestions for the construction of incubators.

Recommendations for Practice and Policy
The new model of layered incubation and efficiency improvement proposed in this paper (as shown in Fig5.2) has a positive effect on reducing the operating cost of the incubator, forming an organic incubation network, sharing basic incubation resources and ultimately optimizing the incubating-efficiency. It can be concluded from the research and analysis in this paper that the key to improve the incubating-efficiency lies in the re-sorting of the business process of the incubator. The core is to distinguish basic incubation resources from professional incubation resources and provide targeted configuration services. This puts forward a new requirement for the participants of the incubator industry construction. On the one hand, the government needs to change the thinking of the incubator industry construction planning, strengthen the construction of business environment, change from financial support to policy guidance, and build public incubation resource platform in the form of virtual incubator, or through selfbuilt or entrusted. Incubator itself, on the other hand, should become the main body of market, strengthen the awareness of the organization's profit rather than as a subservient to the organization or industry, actively participate in market competition, and by providing high-end custom services and specialized resources configuration to promote the growth of NE, through the strip foundation of generic class service to reduce operating costs, thus promote incubator incubating-efficiency. Others, NE should take the initiative to conduct market docking at the incubation stage of the incubator and take the concentration degree of the incubation resource industry and the industrial docking service capacity as the basis for selecting the incubator, further optimize the resource allocation of the entire region and improve the incubating-efficiency.
Suggestions for improving incubating-efficiency mainly focus on the following points: 1. To improve the supporting mode of incubation to improve the incubatingefficiency from the perspective of reducing the management cost of the incubator.
The improvement of incubating-efficiency is not only the result of the efforts of the incubator itself, but also the change of the whole incubation environment. The government department of the incubator director plays an important role in advocating the change of the incubation environment, especially in the creation of the external environment. The government should transform from a manager to a service provider, avoid administrative intervention in the operation of the incubator, and build an orderly business environment, so that all the incubators in the region can participate in the competition in accordance with the conventional enterprises, and use market rules to adjust the survival of the fittest.
Most importantly, laws and regulations related to the management of NE and incubators should be established as soon as possible, instead of temporary documents issued by multiple departments, so that all incubators can operate under a unified legal framework and reduce the management cost caused by obtaining supportive policies.
We will abolish the cash subsidy as the main form of support and replace it with the management mode of strategic development policy guidance and resource allocation market competition. In addition, government authorities or incubator associations should undertake the work of basic incubation services. Establish a virtual incubator for resource sharing and information disclosure, provide a zero-entry public incubation service, help more new companies in the initial stage, reduce the pressure on the incubator's entrepreneurial foundation services, and enable the incubator to focus on industry incubation and innovation. Promote the efficiency of the entire incubating-area of improvement.
2. The way to improving the allocation of resources is to improve the incubatingefficiency from the perspective of avoiding repeated construction of the same type of incubator, reducing waste of incubation resources during the allocation process and developing entrepreneurial financial services.
Incubation resources are the foundation of the incubator and the source of development. The structure, quality and quantity of resources in an incubator incubation resource pool will directly affect the efficiency of the incubator for the cultivation of NE. The level of incubation resources reflects the incubator's ability to incubate, and it is also the key to improving the incubating-efficiency.
The incubator only divests the basic low-end service business, focuses on resource integration in the professional field, strengthens the connection with the industry, and pays attention to the development of industrial development and innovation factors.
The comprehensive incubator needs to clarify the resource categories according to the business department model and establish an exclusive resource pool. And strengthen collaboration among management division. At the same time, the incubator should pay attention to the construction of resource channels, integrate itself into the entire incubation network, and reduce the cost of resource construction or allocation through coordination with other institutions, so as to make the cultivation of NE more industrialized and the high-value-added market docking and innovation activities more frequent.
To carry out the incubation activities, the incubator must strengthen the capacity of entrepreneurial financial services and transform from the work mode of mainly obtaining subsidies to the introduction of more qualified venture capital institutions. It is also necessary to strengthen the construction of its own startup fund, which can be financed by the government, Banks, investment institutions, self-raised funds and NE within the incubator.
3. To improve the evaluation criteria of NE to improve the incubating-efficiency from the perspective of providing targeted services and allocating development resources.
The core of entrepreneurship policy and incubator work is centered on the cultivation and development of NE. Therefore, the objective evaluation of the development level of NE is the foundation of the incubation work, and it is also related to the degree of the incubator resource allocation. Therefore, the incubator should establish a dynamic evaluation system throughout the entire incubation process according to its own resource characteristics. This incubation process mainly involves the background and service demand investigation before the entry of NE; Assessment of development level in incubation and investigation of resource demand; Stage evaluation and development advice before graduation; And after graduation, information, talent, financial docking and other links.

Ideas for the Future Research
Although some important conclusions have been made on the research of improving of incubating-efficiency, this paper is of certain practical significance for improving of incubating-efficiency of the incubator and formulating the industrial development plan of the incubator. However, due to the limitations of research conditions, research time and knowledge structure, there are some deficiencies in the research process and conclusions, which need further in-depth discussion and research in the future research: Firstly, research will be the improvement of sample data.
The sample data in this paper mainly comes from the statistical yearbook of Zhejiang provincial science and technology department and Zhejiang incubator association. The sample area belongs to the Yangtze river delta region where the market economy is developed, and the entrepreneurial activity is carried out early. It doesn't involve the Midwest. In addition, to study feasibility and consider the accuracy of data acquisition, the samples were mainly incubators subject to national statistical supervision, and no new incubators or small featured incubators were collected.
Therefore, the conclusion in this paper has certain limitations, and whether it is applicable to other regions remains to be continuously observed. In the future, the number of samples should be increased, and the sample structure should be further balanced to ensure scientific, objective and comprehensive research conclusions and enhance the adaptability of research conclusions.
Secondly, research will be the improvement of the study variables.
The improvement of incubating-efficiency is complex system engineering. The incubating-efficiency has a long-term influence on the growth of NE and even the development of regional innovation, talents and economy. This study only selected the static sample data, but the dynamic continuous incubator operation panel data calculation has not been realized. In addition, in the impact of the incubation network on improving incubating-efficiency, this paper did not conduct in-depth discussion and analysis. The establishment of more dynamic and rich research variables is the premise and basis for in-depth discussion of these issues. The next step should be to pay attention to the role of cultural factors in the improving of incubating-efficiency and add some adjustment variables in the direction of cultural factors to strengthen the continuity and universality of the research conclusions.
Thirdly, research will be the improvement of research methods.
While expanding the number of samples, strengthening the sample structure and improving the quality of variables, the improvement of research methods should also be paid attention to and strengthened in the future research on the incubating-efficiency.
Although this paper makes a preliminary study on the causes and improvement way of the incubating-efficiency of the incubator and builds a new layered incubation system model by using scientific methods. In addition to referring to many literatures and materials, qualitative and quantitative methods were used to conduct in-depth interviews and calculation of relevant statistical data. However, the samples and variables selected in this study can only answer the objective situation of incubator operation and the subjective perception of participants. The whole process is relatively inelastic. At the same time, it does not take care of the entire incubation cycle of the incubators in the entire region. The cultivation of new enterprises by incubators is a dynamic evolution process. The analysis of sample data in this paper is relatively static, and the evaluation of a certain static time point is adopted, which affects the accuracy of the research conclusion to some extent. In this regard, in the next step, some longitudinal research should be carried out to collect relevant data on the evolution and development of industrial clusters, establish a continuous database, and better explore the influence of incubators on the growth of NE. In addition, horizontal regional comparisons should be added to compare the incubation characteristics and efficiency characteristics of incubators in different regions, so as to find out a more widely applicable improvement and improvement scheme for incubating-efficiency and build a more adaptable and systematic optimization model for incubating-efficiency.
Fourthly, research will be the further exploration of the application of basic theory in the research of improving of incubating-efficiency.
Introduce the concept of management entropy; observe the relationship between the generation of entropy and the flexibility of the incubator strategic planning and management. And find out the impact of X-efficiency theory and synergy theory on entropy production in incubator operation. At the same time, the new model of hierarchical incubating system proposed in this paper was further tested under the condition of introducing management entropy research, and the operation model of the next generation incubator and the incubating-efficiency improvement strategy were demonstrated, that is, the application of distributed organization collaboration protocol and dissipative structure in the incubator management.