Mine Gas Emission Prediction Based on Grey Markov Prediction Model

This article puts forward the gray markov prediction model to predict mine gas emission by combining grey system theory and markov chain theory. And GM (1, 1) model is established in the first place for grey data by the model. To eliminate the error, and improve the prediction accuracy of the model, secondary parameters fitting was done on the basis of GM (1, 1) model. And we get second parameter fitting for trend prediction. Then using Markov state transfer probability matrix prediction method to do quadratic fitting for its predictive value, which can improve the prediction precision of the volatile random variables. It proves the prediction results of the model are satisfactory by analyzing history data of gas emission prediction. This conclusion broadens the application scope of grey forecast model and provides a new method for mine gas emission scientific forecast.


Preface
Gas disaster is one of the most serious disasters in coal mine, the prevention and control of gas has been the focus of every country coal mine safety.Precisely predicting the amount of mine gas emission has important practical significance for guiding the design of mine and production safety.Mine gas emission prediction methods can be divided into mine statistical method, the point source prediction method, the gas gradient method, the mathematical model of coal bed gas content and gas geology, and so on at present [1]- [7].The above each method has its own application conditions, their prediction processes are static, without considering gas emission is a complicated nonlinear dynamic system [8] [9] [10] [11], so they have difficulties in mine gas emission prediction.Based on this, in view of the mine gas emission prediction has a trend and the characteristics of randomness at the same time, this article analyzes the mine gas emission by using grey model and markov prediction model for random process, thus puts forward the gray markov prediction model.

Solution of the Second Parameter Fitting Method of GM (1, 1) Model
Grey system was firstly put forward by Deng julong in 1982 [12].Grey system refers to the system of information incomplete and uncertain, which is between white and black system.It is used to solve the incomplete information system.
Furthermore, it is a combination of automatic control and operational research, and it has penetrated into many fields such as agriculture, economy, transportation, and meteorological and shows a broad application prospect in short more than ten years development.Based on the thought of the known data related to the time combination, which according to certain rules, grey forecasting forms a white model and finally improve the bleaching degree of grey module by some rules.Grey prediction can be divided into season series forecast, disaster forecast, disaster forecast, topological prediction and forecast system whose characteristic is using few data to establish model, but the accuracy is lower the forecasts for stochastic volatility series fitting is poorer.
Single sequence 1 order linear model, one of the series forecast, short for GM (1,1).We set the original observation sequence as . And make a accumulation: ( )  We can establish an albino form: In the formula, a and U are undetermined constants.
Then, solving the parameter by means of least square method: ( ) In which, At the same time, B T is the transposed matrix of matrix B.
Grey prediction equation of ( ) Equation ( 4) is the time response of GM (1, 1) model equation.There are large amount of data proved that original data will produce error if we use Equation (4) to fit.In order to improve the fitting precision and prediction precision, we do secondary parameter fitting to Equation (4) [13] and change it into, According to the first estimate of a value a and estimation of original series ( ) x to α and β.

Markov Forecast Model
Markov prediction is a kind of forecast method based on markov theory, suitable for stochastic volatility forecast problem.According to markov chain, the data sequence is divided into several states, 1 2 , , , n E E E  to represent.According to time sequence, we will transfer time off for 1 2 , , , n t t t  , probability of sequence, which By E i after k step into E j , expressed by ( ) state E i after the number of k step into E j , while N i represent the total number of occurrence of state E i .So, state transition probability matrix of K steps is By means of state transfer probability matrix, we can determine the sequence in the variable of the state and its maximum probability , and iden-tify the next step of the variable.Then, according to the turning probability, we modified the forecast value by means of markov [14].If the maximum probability of the matrix R (k) in the first k lines, have two or more than two same or similar, changes in relative gas emission are hard to be predicted by R (1) , so it is need that we investigate in such matrix like R (2) , R (3) and so on, until it can determine the future changes in relative gas emission.
Because of the markov state transfer probability matrix has the ability of tracking variables random fluctuations and ineffectiveness, we combine the State transfer probability matrix and the organic combination of GM (1, 1) model to realize the complementary advantages, thus the prediction precision of the model can be improved.

The Establishment of the Model
There is a mine gas outburst seriously in Huaibei mining group Co., LTD whose safety is very serious, so that we cannot ignore the prediction and prevention of the mine gas.The relative mine gas emission from 1996 to 2008 is shown in Table 1.
And we analyze the model on the basis of the table.
The second parameter fitting for grey GM (1, 1) model is At the same way we can also figure out residual error and relative error, which can be seen in Table 2.
2) The model needs to be test with posterior error and qualified one can be used in extreme value forecast.After Markov correction posterior ratio c = 0.022 and p = 1, which can be seen in Table 3.So, the model with high precision proved that it can be used in forecast.And the Grey Markov fitting curve of coal mine gas emission in 12 months has been shown in Figure 1.
3) We divide quadratic fitting error of GM ( Then, transfer probability matrix can be obtained and tested by known data either.At last, the one who with high coincidence rate can be chosen as transition probability matrix.In this case, residual sequence can be divided into four intervals.And its probability has been shown in Table 3.
The state of the residual sequence is shown in Table 4 in this case.
4) After the trend values can be obtained with quadratic fitting of GM (1, 1) model, we do Markov correction for the residual and get second fitting values.
Next, we can get the second residual error and relative error, as shown in Table 2.

Markov Forecast Model of Relative Coal Mine Gas Emission
Mine gas emission in 2017 could be forecast by using the grey Markov model.
And according to Equations ( 9) (10) and Table 4, we can get one step transition probability matrix of relative coal mine gas emission:

Conclusions
In this paper, we established a grey Markov model to forecast the relative gas emission in Huaibei coal mine.And we got the conclusion as follows: 2) We combined grey system GM (1, 1) forecast model and Markov chain to supply a new way to understand the characteristic of gas emission.Its advantage is the historical data can be fully used, and weakening many uncertain factors.So it can extend the application of grey system prediction and Markov chain prediction.
3) The proposed mine years relative gas emission prediction model also can be used to forecast different depth excavation working face gas emission and gas emission in the process of working face.And it has strong portability.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Mine years relative gas emission measurement and prediction chart.
(8)]is example uses the optimal algorithms when solving the state transition probability matrix[15]: At first, taking a set of critical value sequence generation whose residual has already been known into the Equation(8).
1, 1) forecast model according to different state and establish markov model.Because of the uncertainty of the Y. Wang et al.DOI: 10.4236/ojg.2018.810056943 Open Journal of Geology state boundaries

Table 1 .
The mine gas emission inventory.

Table 2 .
Prediction of grey markov model.

Table 4 .
State of the residual sequence.
lishing model to forecast overall trend but also suitable for volatile random sequence forecast.The accuracy of new established model is significantly higher than the grey system GM (1, 1) model and the second parameter fitting of GM (1, 1) model.
1) We combined grey forecast model with Markov model, and established grey Markov model to forecast mine gas emission.New model both has the advantages of grey model and Markov model.We can not only use less data estab-Y.Wang et al.DOI: 10.4236/ojg.2018.810056945 Open Journal of Geology