Optimization of Temperature Drop Formula for Annular Gathering Pipeline in High Water Cut Oil Region of Central Hebei Province

In order to respond to the national policy of energy saving and consumption reduction, the temperature drop formula of annular pipeline should be established to optimize the water mixing temperature and water mixing flow. The traditional temperature drop formula applies the high water cut actual situation to 13.7%. On the basis of the traditional Schulhof temperature drop formula, the influence of hydraulic friction on the oil flow temperature is calculated by the calculus idea. The heat transfer coefficient of the pipeline under the complex condition is obtained by the inverse algorithm, and the water mixing flow and water temperature are simulated with MATLAB. The function surface diagram of the degree and the back station temperature. The actual error can be reduced to 4.8%, and the return station temperature can be optimized by 7 degrees.


Introduction
East oilfield going most of the oil gradually stepped into the stage of high water cut exploitation (moisture content of 90% or more), most of the oil collecting process adopted cricoid watered oil gathering process, and the energy consumption of oil collecting part take up little 65% -80% of total energy consumption, for countries to provide energy at the same time, and consumes a lot of energy, as the national energy conservation and consumption reduction policy enforce-Journal of Power and Energy Engineering ment, annular watered oil gathering process saving energy and reducing consumption a difficult task, and in the annular oil gathering process in the past, water temperature and water flow are two key parameters adjusted by production supervisors with artificial experience, now need to through the establishment of theory of pipeline medium temperature drop formula, To calculate the optimal water blending temperature and water blending flow value, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction.
However, in the traditional theoretical equation of temperature drop of pipeline media, the schuhof temperature drop formula is usually adopted [1].
Second, in the pipeline buried underground, it is necessary to consider the heat dissipation effect between fluid and pipe wall, wall with thermal insulation layer between the heat dissipation effect, thermal insulation layer and soil between the cooling effect and so on the many kinds of complicated conditions, the total friction coefficient of pipe in the traditional engineering manual already does not apply to the complicated working condition.

Mathematical Model
In the process of annular oil collection, the change of heat is mainly reflected in the two processes of pipeline heat dissipation and single well fluid mixing during linear transmission [2].Straight pipes of heat mainly adopts the revised ShuHuoFu temperature drop formula, and in the process of single well output liquid mixture, were it not for the heat loss by the collision, the temperature of the oil pipeline is the starting point should be for a period of piping within the medium mixed with oil well produced fluid temperature, after finishing the conclusion: For the heat capacity of the mixed liquid of J/(kg•˚C), for mixed fluid flow kg/s, as the temperature of the mixed liquid ˚C, for the well produced fluid flow kg/s, as well the heat capacity of the produced fluid J/(kg•˚C), for the mouth of the well produced fluid temperature ˚C.

Modify the Schuhof Temperature Drop Formula
In the process of transmission line, the traditional model using ShuHuoFu temperature drop formula, namely from the starting point of the fluid temperature L, starting point for the temperature, the temperature of the surrounding medium for D m pipe diameter, pipe length L, m, pipe quality of oil-water mixture flow G kg/s, pipeline total heat transfer coefficient KW/(m 2 •˚C).0 0 ( ) But in practice, due to the process of crude oil in pipe flow, with the inner wall of pipeline caused by friction, along the pipeline pressure is reduced, to reduce the pressure will be converted into friction heat and fluid inside the pipeline Journal of Power and Energy Engineering heating [3].The heat loss caused by pipeline hydraulic friction is not considered in the traditional schuhof temperature drop formula.
Revised ShuHuoFu temperature drop formula, is the premise of considering the friction heat, assuming a pipeline diameter D, G throughput and the temperature of the surrounding medium for, take the oil temperature in dL infinitesimal section is T, take for hydraulic grade I, crude oil temperature drop for dT produced on the dL.Under stable conditions, the heat balance equation of dL segment is: The left part of the equation above is the heat dissipation from the pipeline to the surrounding medium, and the right part is the sum of heat release from oil flow temperature drop and heat of friction resistance [4].As dL goes up, dT goes down, so minus sign is introduced [5].After the above equation is deformed, the sukhoff temperature drop formula considering friction-heat generation can be obtained, that is, the modified sukhoff temperature drop formula is:

Fixed the Total Heat Transfer Coefficient of the Pipeline
Most of the gathering and transportation pipelines are buried pipelines, whose heat transfer is divided into three parts: heat dissipation between the fluid and the inner wall of the pipeline; Heat conduction between the outer wall of the pipe and the insulating layer or the insulating layer; Heat dissipation between the insulation layer and the surrounding environment.The total heat transfer coefficient of crude oil pipeline can be expressed as: ( 1) where K is the total heat transfer coefficient of the pipeline W/(m 2 •˚C); 1 α , the heat release coefficient W/(m 2 •˚C), 2 α , between oil flow and pipe inner wall, and is the heat release coefficient W/(m 2 •˚C) I γ , between pipe wall and soil.Is the heat conduction coefficient W/(m 2 •˚C) corresponding to each layer, and D is the calculated pipe diameter.If there is no insulation layer, the pipe outer diameter can be directly adopted.If there is an insulating layer, the inner diameter of the insulating layer m is adopted.D is the inner and outer diameter m of steel tube and asphalt insulation layer; Is the pipe outer diameter m.However, in the actual production process, due to complex field conditions, the heat transfer coefficient K calculated by the above formula has a large error compared with the actual heat transfer coefficient [6].In order to reduce this error, the inverse algorithm is usually used to calculate the heat transfer coefficient K of the pipeline.Journal of Power and Energy Engineering R T as the section temperature ˚C, Z T as section temperature ˚C, R L for the section length m.

Model Validation and Analysis
In order to verify the accuracy of the models and applied, the use of Huabei oilfield third production plant is high moisture content of the annular watered oil collecting data (month 12, water temperature, water flow rate, back to the station temperature, pipe diameter size, etc.), and the simulation of temperature drop data and compare [7].First, use Pipesim to draw the well location diagram, as shown in Figure 1.
According to the ring of the outbound parameters such as temperature, the temperature of back to the station, the inverse calculation formula to calculate the total heat transfer coefficient K, each output of the well fluid flow, temperature, pipe parameters, buried temperature constant coefficient substitution model, the water flow rate set for x G, water blending temperature T is set to y, back to the station temperature as the dependent variable is set to z.After the mesh treatment of the model with matlab, the relationship between the return station temperature and water incorporation rate and water incorporation temperature is obtained, as shown in Figure 2.    2) Get a more accurate temperature drop model, generally known crude oil freezing point of 35˚C, considering the safety of 3˚C temperature coefficient, the optimal back stand temperature for 38˚C, and now back to the station temperature 45˚C.In the annular watered oil collecting the existing process, through the model can further adjust the water flow and water temperature, finally can also be made back to the station 7˚C to 38˚C temperature drop, so as to further reduce energy consumption.

Figure 1 .Figure 2 .
Figure 1.The location map of the east ring of the factory.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Function surface marked by actual return temperature.

1 )
After correction ShuHuoFu temperature drop formula and the total heat transfer coefficient, in view of the north China, Huabei Oilfield chu a high water cut oil region, the revised model calculated back to the station temperature compared with traditional model calculated results error is reduced from 13.7% to 4.8%, the temperature drop of the optimized model for going more in line with high water cut oil ring watered oil temperature drop model, it has application value.

Table 1 .
Water incorporation rate, water incorporation temperature statistics table.