The Exponential Attractor for a Class of Kirchhoff-Type Equations with Strongly Damped Terms and Source Terms

This paper studies the exponential attractor for a class of the Kirchhoff-type equations with strongly damped terms and source terms. The exponential attractor is also called the inertial fractal set, which is an intermediate step between global attractors and inertial manifolds. Obtaining a set that attracts all the trajectories of the dynamical system at an exponential rate by the methods of Eden A. Under appropriate assumptions, we firstly construct an invariantly compact set. Secondly, showing the solution semigroups of the Kirchhoff-type equations is squeezing and Lipschitz continuous. Finally, the finite fractal dimension of the exponential attractor is obtained.


Introduction
In this paper, we concerned the equation: where Ω is a bounded domain in Rn with a smooth boundary ∂Ω , 1 β > is a constant and ( )( ) 1, 2 i f x i = is a given out force term.Moreover, ( ) is a scalar function.
Then the assumptions on M and ( ) , i g u v will be specified later.For an infinitely dynamic system with dissipative properties, studying the asymptotic behavior of its dynamical system is an important issue in mathematical physics.In generally, the asymptotic behavior of the dynamic system is characterized by global attractors, uniform attractors, pull back attractors, and random attractors.The relevant research results on the autonomous system can be found in the literature [1] [2] [3] [4].The relevant results for non-autonomous and stochastic systems can be found in the literature [5] [6] [7].However, the attraction rates of these attractors are low and some are even difficult to estimate.
In order to overcome these difficulties, people introduced the concept of exponential attractors.The exponential attractor is a positively invariant compact set with finite fractal dimensions and attracts the solution orbit at an exponential rate.It is a tangible concept between the global attractor and the inertial manifold.It can be understood as the intersection of an absorption set and an inertial manifold.In addition, the exponential attractor has a uniform orbital exponential attraction rate, making it more stable to disturbances.Therefore, it is extremely important to study the exponential attractor of an infinite-dimensional dynamical dissipative system.
For the exponential attractor, Eden et al. [8] proposed the concept of inertial sets which were compact sets of finite fractal dimension and attracted all the solutions with an exponential rate of convergence as early as in 1990.They showed the long time dynamics of the dissipative evolution equations are characterized by an inertial set.Then, in 1995, A Eden et al. [9] first proposed the concept of an exponential attractor (also called inertial sets).In the paper, they presented a new construction of exponential attractors based on the control of Lyapunov exponents over a compact, invariant set.In the same time, they also discussed various applications to Navier-Stokes system.There are more similar references (see [10] [11]).
By the 21st century, the research on the exponential attractors of the dynamical system has been further developed.Firstly, in 2003, Shang Yadong and Guo Boling [12] considered the asymptotic behavior of solutions for the following nonclassical diffusion equation: Under appropriate assumptions, they showed the squeezing property and the existence of the exponential attractor for this equation.Meanwhile, they also made the estimates on its fractal dimension.
Secondly, in 2010, Meihua Yang and Chunyou Sun [13] studied the following strongly damped wave equation on a bounded domain They obtained the global attractor and exponential attractor with finite fractal dimension under appropriate conditions.Thereafter, Yang Zhijian and Li Xiao [14] studied the existence of the finite dimension global attractors and exponential attractors for the dynamical system associated with the Kirchhoff type equation with a strong dissipation.
Finally, in 2016, Ruijin Lou, Penghui Lv and Guoguang Lin [15] considered a class of generalized nonlinear Kirchhoff-Sine-Gordon equation as following: They obtained the exponential attractors and inertial manifolds for above equation.In addition, Yunlong Gao et al. also made their own contribution to the research of the exponential attractor (see [16] [17] [18] [19]).
Although the study of exponential attractors has continued to develop, the study of the exponential attractors of the system of equations is not universal.As a result, this has spurred our desire to explore the exponential attractor for a class of the Kirchhoff-type equations with strongly damped terms and source terms.In this paper, our main difficulty is the handling of ( ) But after many attempts, we finally solved this problem.
The paper is arranged as follows.In Section 2, we introduced some notations and basic concepts.In Section 3, we proved the existence of the exponential attractor and estimated the fractal dimension.
 are denoted as different positive constants.Next, we give some assumptions in the proof of our results.
Then, we denote the inner product and norm in 0 V as follows: , , , , , 1) can be converted into the following first-order evolution equation where In order to accomplish the proof, we need to construct a map.Let is dense and continuous injection, and ) 2) M has finite fractal dimension, ( ) , there exists a time * 0 t > , an integer 0 1 N ≥ , and an orthogonal projection 0 N P of rank equal to 0 N such that for every U and V in B, either ( ) then we call ( ) S t is squeezing in B, where S t is a Lipschitz continuous map with a Lipschitz continuous function ( ) , and satisfied the discrete squeezing property on B.
Then ( ) S t has a ( ) where Moreover, the fractal dimension of M satisfies ( ) , where k N E are defined as in [20] Proposition 2.1 [12] There exists ( ) is the positive invariant set of ( ) V , and B attracts all bounded subsets of 1 V , where 0 B is a closed bounded adsorbing set for ( ) , B B respectively are closed bounded adsorbing set of Equation ( 7) in 0 1 , V V , then ( ) S t possesses a ( )

The Exponential Attractor
In [21], under of the appropriate hypothesizes, the initial boundary value problem Equation (1) exists unique smooth.This solution possesses the following properties: ( ) ( ) We denote the solution in Theorem 2.1 by ( )( ) S t is a continuous semigroup in 0 V , There exist the balls: respectively is a absorbing set of ( ) Proof.By ( 5), (8) we get By employing holder's inequality, Young's inequality and Poincare inequality, we process the terms in (20), we have ( ) ( ) , 2 2 By the value of ε , and substituting ( 21)-( 24), we have where The proof is completed.( ) ( ) ( ) In order to certify Equation (1) exists a exponential attractor, we first show the semigroup ( ) S t of system (1) is Lipschitz continuous on B.
Lemma 3.2 For 0 0 , U V B ∀ ∈ , where 0 0 , U V is the initial values of prob- lem(1), and 0 t ≥ , we have ( ) ( ) Proof.Taking the inner product of the Equation ( 26) with ( ) , Next, we deal with the following items one by one.
Similar to Lemma 3.1, we easily obtain For convenience, let's call and using the mean value theorem, young's inequality, we have Similar to the above process For the last two terms, we apply the mean value theorem, Young's inequality and Poincare inequality, by (H 2 ), we have ( where Integrating (30)-( 33) into (29), we have .
By (H 1 ), (H 3 ) we using Gronwall inequality, we e 0 e 0 where ( ) The proved is ended.Now, we introduce the operator ( ) Obviously, A is an unbounded self-adjoin positive operator and A −1 is compact.
Next, we deal with the following items one by one.
. 2 Similar to the above process For the last two terms, we apply the mean value theorem, Young's inequality and Poincare inequality, by (H 2 ), we have , where Integrating (39)-( 41) into (38), by (H 3 ) we have where The proved is ended.
Lemma 3.4 (squeezing property) For ( ) The prove to complete.

Conclusion
In this paper, we studied the exponential attractor for a class of the Kirchhoff-type equations with strongly damped terms and source terms, and obtained the finite fractal dimension of the exponential attractor.Next, we will study the existence of random attractors for this dynamic system.

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and PhysicsSetting

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics