A Study of Exercise Intensity Based on Individual ’ s BMI and Heart Rate

The purpose of this research is to explore if individuals of different BMI can achieve a given intensity using the same exercise load. For the first part of our research, a survey was sent out to gather responses from people of various age groups. We asked their weight, height, and resting heart rate. We found out there was no correlation between BMI and heart rate. We also designed an experiment to study the relationship between BMI and exercise intensity. The result shows people with higher BMI need more exercise load in order to match the exercise intensity of people with lower BMI.


Introduction
In recent years, more and more people get motivated to go to the gym and start working out.A lot of people are willing to invest time and money to improve their general health and fitness.Newly-built gymnasiums, weight rooms, and swimming pools also facilitate people's activities.It's not surprising to see people in many developing countries to pay more attention to their body.However, every formation a habit like exercising needs a learning process.New vocabularies thus come into our sight.Some of the words that will be discussed in the research are BMI (Body Mass Index) and heart rate.The measurement of BMI is relatively simple.You will need to know a person's body weight in kilograms and then divide it by the square of his or her height in meters.It's a convenient way to categorize a person into underweight, normal weight, or obesity [1].BMI is commonly used in sta- ing on the goal of an individual.Some people want to increase strength.Some want to lower their body fat percentage.For example, setting up a targeted heart rate is important in aerobic exercises.Maintaining the targeted heart rate for a period of time (20 minutes minimum) will efficiently enhance a person's cardiovascular health [2].
In this research, we will try to implement BMI into consideration when we study the relationship between heart rate and intensity.

Results
Our first conclusion is: a person's BMI has no correlation between his or her resting heart rate.
Our second conclusion is: a person with a higher BMI need more exercise load in order to achieve the same workout intensity.

Materials and Methods
Our research is composed of two parts.The first part is a survey, which is used to determine the correlation between BMI and heart rate.The second part is a study on BMI and exercise intensity.The study is based on a theory that states exercise intensity can be represented by the change in heart rate.

Relationship between BMI and Heart Rate
We designed an online survey, asking respondents about their height, weight, resting heart rate, age, and sex.The results of the survey from 343 respondents are collected by WenJuan Net [3].We calculated their Body Mass Index and investigated the correlation between BMI and heart rate.We represented the data (BMI and heart rate) using linear regression.The coefficient r-squared is 0.0095, showing virtually no correlation.Figure 1 shows most BMI measurements are located around 20 -21.

Relationship between BMI and Change in Heart Rate
Previous experiments showed that BMI was not significantly related to heart rate.To this end, we have designed an experiment to explore whether different BMI people need the same intensity of exercise.We believe that the intensity of exercise can be characterized by the change of heart rate before and after exercise.We found 10 people, divided into

Applications
Understanding how to use BMI and heart rate to design workout intensity can help people exercise scientifically and avoid mistakes.

Discussion
Before we started our research, an online journal called Exercise and associated dietary extremes impact on gut microbial diversity [5] caught our eyes.This journal discusses how the gut microbiota of elite athletes differ from those of normal participants.The researchers of this journal have proved that exercising can enhance the biodiversity of human microbiota, by analyzing data collected from athletes and their control groups.Nevertheless, we believe that the experiment designing still requires a bit more adjustment to be considerate.The researchers kept the exercise intensity of two control groups (Group 1. BMI ≤ 25, Group 2. BMI > 28) nearly equal.The exercise intensity is represented by creatine kinase levels.However, they did not realize BMI could influence one's exercise load, even when the intensity is same.As a result, our research could provide more information in this topic.
In general, the higher the heart rate, the more intense the movement.When it comes to measuring exercise intensity, Max Heart Rate is an indicator that cannot be ignored.Using the formula "maximum heart rate = 220-age", the maximum heart rate can be roughly calculated [6].For example, Kai is an 18-year-old  [7].However, we find that this method is not perfect.For example, height and weight of the subject are neglected.

Conclusion
In our research, we first verified through a survey that there is no direct relationship between heart rate and BMI.With the clear link between heart rate and exercise intensity, we conducted experiments to further explore the relationship between BMI and exercise intensity.We summoned 10 students of the same age, collected their weight, height, and heart rate at rest, and divided them into two groups with 5 individuals each by their BMI.We recorded the heart rate of these two groups of students after intense exercise.After analyzing the data, we concluded that people with higher BMI need more exercise to achieve the same level of intensity.We hope that our research results can bring practical applications to people who care about their health.
The second word, heart rate, means the speed of heart contractions (usually measured by how many beats in a minute).For a healthy adult, the normal range of resting heart rate is from 60 to 100 beats per minute.People who have been exercising regularly tend to have a lower number because their heart muscle is trained to pump more oxygen-rich blood into the body.Heart rate is widely used to calculate exercise intensity, which is personalized depend-

Table 1 .
Heart rate changes before and after exercise in two groups.
2 groups, 5 in each group, and the average BMI of the two groups was significantly different.Let 10 people run 200 meters at the fastest speed to calculate the change of heart rate before and after X. A. Zou, J. H. Gao DOI: 10.4236/health.2018.107066904 Health Figure 1.The distribution of BMI.
First of all, Chinese students nowadays don't get an adequate amount of daily exercise.It's partially due to the lack of science in their Physical Education class.
X. A. Zou, J. H. Gao DOI: 10.4236/health.2018.107066905 Health better help their clients.The goals of gym goers can be categorized to fat-loss, gaining muscle, or gaining strength.When trainers are making workout plans, they can refer to the trainees' BMI, resting heart rate, and age.For people who want to lose weight, the fat burning zone is at 60%-70% of their max heart rate [4].After achieving the targeted heart rate, trainers can adjust the time depending on trainees' BMI.
Finnish doctor Martti Karvonen in 1957: target heart rate = training intensity* heart rate reserve + resting heart rate.Kai first measured his resting heart rate of 76 beats/minute.According to the formula, his target heart rate = 80% × (202 − 76) + 76.The result is about 177 beats/minute cording to the Maximal heart rate method.Another method of determining the target heart rate introduces and uses heart rate reserve, which is the value of the highest heart rate minus the resting heart rate.This method was proposed by the X. A. Zou, J. H. Gao DOI: 10.4236/health.2018.107066906 Health