A Comparative Study on the Construction Model of Innovation-Type Provinces in China

At present, the development strategy and mode of our country have shifted from the traditional extensive economy to the sustainable development centering on the capability of independent innovation, the construction of innovation-type provinces in all regions has become a trend. From the perspective of major of innovation-type provinces in China, depending on the different industry, the innovation-type provinces construction can be divided into the basic modes of government-leading, technology intelligence innovation, multidimensional linkage, high-end talents, knowledge leading, technology service and so on. The study is selected six innovation-type provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Shaanxi, Hubei and Shandong as typical provinces to analyze and compare, summarize the similarities and differences of their policies, and on this basis put forward feasible paths for building an innovation-type province in other provinces or cities in our country.


Preface
In the period of Chinese economic transforming and industrial upgrading, scientific and technological innovation has been become the new power of economic growth and social development.Every province has been transforming their patterns of development actively in order to realize their innovation-driven development and innovative national strategic goals.However, there is no mature experience about the found of innovation-oriented province (Gu & Ying, 2008).Therefore, every province should combine their own situation to choose an appropriate path, and take real-time monitor and estimate, which require estimating the degree of innovation and progress accurately and timely, and finding the key points and shortcomings, then adjust and optimize the construction plans.
In February 2006, the State Council of China promulgated and implemented the Medium-and Long-Term National Science and Technology Development Program (2006Program ( -2020)), and put forward that forming innovative nation is the great strategic choice for China in the future, since then, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Science and Technology have promoted the pilot work of the innovation-type provinces construction.
Each province has formulated a pilot implementation plan for the innovation-type provinces construction, or a national master plan for innovation-type provinces.On April 12th 2016, the Ministry of Science and Technology formulated the Guidelines for the Innovation-type Provinces Construction, which indicated that the innovation-type provinces construction is to accelerate the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy, and enter into the inevitable requirement of innovation-oriented country ranks in 2020.It is the inner need to cultivate and develop the new motive force and lead the new normal of economic development.It is an important support for the implementation of the overall national strategy for regional development and the promotion of regional coordinated development (Zhang & Lin, 2006).
Innovation-type province refers to the region where the independent innovation is the basic strategy, which greatly enhances the technological innovation capability, and the innovation becomes the core driving force, and the technology plays a decisive role in economic and social development.Each province has formulated the corresponding development goal, developing focus and direction, has basically formed the unique innovation pattern, including Jiangsu Government-led Innovation Model, the Innovation Model of Zhejiang Technology, Innovation Mode of Guangdong's Multi-dimensional Linkage, Innovation Mode of training and introducing High-end talents in Shaanxi, Innovation Mode of knowledge leading in Hubei, and Innovation Mode of Shandong Technology Service, etc., according to the characteristics of the province in the process of constructing the innovative provinces (Lan & Chen, 2015).The regional innovation capability of these provinces is at the forefront of our country, and has formed its own characteristics in the long-term development process and accumulated rich experience in development.The construction experience of innovative province with unique characteristics will provide valuable references for other regions in building an innovation-type province.So, we selected Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Shaanxi, Hubei and Shandong as typical provinces to analyze respectively.

An Analysis of the Development Model of
Innovation-Oriented Cities in China Energy, accelerate the formation of an economic system with innovation as the main guide and support of the economic system and development mode, and take a new development way of the higher quality, better benefit, better structure and full release of advantages (Xu, 2013).
Second, pay attention to the cooperation of industry-university-research, and give policy support.In order to promote the deepening of the cooperation of industry-university-research, and realize the transformation and industrialization of technological achievements, the state has formulated corresponding policies and regulations, Jiangsu Province and cities (counties) have also formulated relevant policies and measures according to their own conditions, foundations and characteristics, and effectively promoted the in-depth cooperation of industry-university-research in Jiangsu Province(as shown in the Table 1).At present, there are more than ten public network platforms serving for the cooperation of industry-university-research in Jiangsu.These platform functions have its own emphasis, which has formed the network platform system for the cooperation of   of enterprises and the core competitiveness of regional economy, realizing the leapfrogging from "Jiangsu processing" to "Jiangsu creation".

Zhejiang Province: Innovation Mode of Technology Intellectual Creation
The innovation-type provinces construction of Zhejiang was originated several opinions on accelerating to promote the independent innovation capability to the innovation method public service platform, vigorously enhances technology the enhancement function to the enterprise scale and competitiveness by cultivating small and medium-sized technology-based enterprise, which to be unique in the innovation-type construction, the specific performance are (Yang et al., 2006).tion platforms, such as "biotechnology resource sharing platform", "scientific data sharing platform", "intellectual property public service platform" and "standardized technology service platform" (as shown in the Figure 3), were set.
At the same time, 22 Industry Science and Technology Innovation platforms and 5 regional STI platforms were set.

Guangdong Province: The Innovative Mode of Multi-Dimensional Linkage
Guangdong Province is the bridgehead of China's opening to the outside world, innovation soil is more fertile.Guangdong provides a good environment for innovation-driven, pays attention to the construction of service platform for innovation methods, and constructs multi-dimensional independent innovation fulcrum (Jiang & Zheng, 2013) (as shown in the Figure 4).The way to innovation has its distinctive characteristics, which are embodied in: First, attach great importance to innovation-driven, and provide a good environment.Provincial Party Committee and provincial government of Guangdong attach great importance to the importance and urgency of accelerating innovation-driven development, and emphasize that the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy shall be taken as the overall grasp and core strategy to create new advantages of innovation-driven development (Duan et al., 2016).Guangdong Provincial Government also launched the first document-Several policy opinions on accelerating technological innovation in 2015.
From the aspects of innovation voucher subsidy, high-tech business incubator construction land and financial subsidy, as well as the income from the transformation of technological achievements and the secure residence of talents to put forward many major innovation policies that have been first explored and

Shaanxi Province: Innovative Mode of Training and Introducing High-End Talents
Shaanxi Province is rich in higher education resources, and ranks among the top in the country.Shaanxi Province is playing a great role in promoting innovative provinces by building the highland of innovative talents, organizing scientific and technological problems, integrating resources and developing clusters (You et al., 2011).The innovation and development of Shaanxi Province has its unique features (as shown in the Figure 5), which are: First, create innovate talents model, and help to build innovation-type

Shangdong Province: The Innovation Mode of Science and Technology Service Guidance
Shandong Province, is located in East China, has a good regional position.
Shangdong vigorously builds technology intermediary service talent team for support to construct the service system of technology intermediary, promote the improvement of the scientific and technological level of the province and accelerate innovation-type province construction by creating a good policy environment for technology intermediary service (as shown in the Figure 8).The unique features of the construction of innovative provinces in Shandong Province are as follows: First, the policy of technology intermediary service has been perfected with each passing day, and a good innovation environment has been formed.Since China's reform and opening up, Shandong Province has issued more than 50 scientific and technological innovation policies and regulations, such as the policy documents of "regulations on promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of Shandong", "regulations of Shandong Province

Inspiration to the Innovation-Type Provinces Construction in Other Provinces and Cities of China
The above analysis of the innovation-type provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Nmuber of people employed in science and technology services (10,000) Current Urban Studies many beneficial implications for the construction of innovative provinces in other provinces and cities of China (Hu & Liu, 2010).

Optimizing the Innovation Policy Environment
Attach great importance to the core strategy of innovation-oriented.Other

Pay Attention to the Development of Innovation Industry
The main direction of innovation is focus on the industrial development to promote the combination of technology and economy.Other provinces and cities in China have great potential in developing high-tech industries and strategic emerging industries.Therefore, we shall formulate relevant policies for supporting actively and improving the contribution rate of high-tech industries to the economy (Xu, 2013).By actively cultivating high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises and high-tech enterprises, Zhejiang Province optimizes the industrial structure, promotes" seven industries" of information, environmental protection, health, tourism, fashion, finance, high-end equipment for major breakthrough and leading development, which is the key to the supplyside structural reform in Zhejiang Province.Zhejiang Innovative Province Construction Model of "Science and Technology Intelligence Building" shall be imitated to focus on the eight leading industries and ten big and high growth in-dustries, and focus on the featured advantageous industries of electronic information and equipment manufacturing, define the main direction and breakthrough of scientific and technological innovation, and accelerate the construction of industrial technological innovation system by other provinces and cities in China.

Acceleration of Talents Gathering
Talents, as the most active factor in the construction of innovative provinces,

Conclusion
Under the guidance of national strategy and local policies, a number of unique and innovative models for the development of provinces have emerged in China.
For example, the Government-led Innovation Model in Jiangsu Province, the Innovation Model in science and technology in Zhejiang Province, Innovation Mode of Guangdong's Multi-dimensional Linkage, Innovation Mode of training and introducing High-end talents in Shaanxi, Innovation Mode of knowledge leading in Hubei, and Innovation Mode of Shandong Technology Service, etc.
Through the analysis, we can see that the construction of domestic innovation-type provinces generally adheres to the strategy of driving development through innovation, creating a favorable policy environment, focusing on the development of innovative industries, accelerating the pooling of talents, and strengthening the cooperation among industry.These practices have many beneficial implications for the construction of innovation-type provinces in other provinces in China.

2. 1 .
Jiangsu Province: Government-Led Innovation Model As one of the provinces with strong innovation ability, Jiangsu Province is the model of innovation-type province in China.Jiangsu Province insists on the H. C. Yang et al.DOI: 10.4236/cus.2018.62013225 Current Urban Studies strategy of innovation-driven development, gives policy support to industry-university-research cooperation and attaches importance to the implementation of intellectual property strategy, which provides strong policy support for the construction of innovation-type province in Jiangsu Province (as shown in the Figure 1).The unique features of Jiangsu Province in the construction of innovation-type province are: First, the strategy of innovation-driven development is insisted.Jiangsu Province has taken the lead in taking the innovation-driven strategy as the core strategy of economic and social development in exploring and constructing innovation-type provinces.In the early 2006, Jiangsu took the lead in making a major decision to build an innovation-type province to 2015.At present, as the first pilot province of innovation in China, Jiangsu has ranked in the forefront of regional innovation capability in recent years and made significant progress in building an innovative province.In March 30th 2016, Jiangsu Government held a press conference to issue the 13th Five-Year Plan outline for the National Economic and Social Development of Jiangsu Province, pointing out that the strategy of innovation-driven development should be implemented.The core position of innovation is strengthened further in the overall development, and ran innovation in the whole process of Economic and Social Development to vigorously promote the theoretical, institutional, technological, and cultural innovation, etc., highlight the innovation of industry technology, inspire innovation and entrepreneurial vitality of the whole society, actively cultivate the New Kinetic Energy of Economic Development and improve the traditional Kinetic Figure 1.Jiangsu Government-led innovation model.
explore and use the evaluation, assessment and operating subsidies to promote the establishment of an application-oriented scientific research evaluation system in colleges and universities, and encourage researchers to enter the industrial front line.Third, rely on the implementation of the innovation-type provinces construction with intellectual property strategic escort.In 2009, Jiangsu Government adopted the outline of the intellectual property Strategy of Jiangsu Province to put forward the implementation of the intellectual property Strategy and vigorously develop and utilize the advantage of talents, promote the adjustment of economic structure and transformation of development ways, promote the self-dependent innovation and innovation-type construction, establish the consciousness of knowledge Resources for Rule of Law, and accelerate to promote the creation, use, protection and management capability of intellectual property rights.It is of great strategic significance to give full play to the good image of Jiangsu in technology and education, and promote the market competitiveness

First, actively cultivate
small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises.Technology-based medium-sized enterprises are the main body of technological innovation and the most dynamic and potential enterprises.In 2013, the Zhejiang Science and Technology Department issued the "Special Action Plan for the cultivation of small and Medium-sized Science and Technology Enterprises", which strongly encouraged scientific and technological personnel to set up scientific and technological enterprises and build incubators for them.For example, Provincial Technology Business Incubators or University Science Parks are given 2 million yuan financial assistance, National Technology Business Incubators or University Science Parks are given 3 million yuan financial assistance, the funding is mainly used for the construction of public laboratories, establishment of seed funds and venture funds, etc.We can stimulate the venture capital to invest in the science and technology small and medium-sized enterprises in the initial stage, and increase the opportunities for the small and medium-sized technological enterprises to obtain the venture capital by guiding role of the policy to guide the funds.Focusing on the main direction of industrial development of high-tech parks, and focusing on the high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises in high-tech parks to select a batch excellent to cultivate, introduce a batch science and technology small and medium-sized enterprises for giving key support to them.Second, implement the cultivation of High-tech Enterprises.On the basis of selecting enterprises with better innovation foundation and great potential for development, Zhejiang Province has stepped up efforts to cultivate, encouraged enterprises to strengthen technological innovation activities, strengthened the cultivation of independent intellectual property rights of enterprises, guided enterprises to establish research and development centers, undertook various national and local scientific and technological planning projects, helped enterprises to establish cooperative relations with institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutes, and guided and promoted more enterprises to grow into high-tech enterprises as soon as possible.Intermediaries of tax, law, evaluation, consulting, and intellectual property are organized to key cultivation by selecting the best emerging and high-tech industries and other key areas of science andtechnology SMEs, and develop the whole process and specialized service for enterprises(Chen, 2009).The scale of new high-tech enterprises is promoted to try to cultivate many large enterprises and groups with large scale, core technology and their own brands, and have a voice in the industry, so that they become the leading leaders in the development of high-tech enterprises in our province.H. C. Yang et al.DOI: 10.4236/cus.2018.62013229 Current Urban Studies High-tech business incubator, university science park and all kinds of innovation, R & D base are vigorously developed to establish and perfect scientific and technological intermediary service system by relying on various innovative service platforms, such as high-tech park above provincial level, distinctive industrial base, high-tech business incubator, university science park, technology transformation institution, etc., security of conditions and effective services are provided to the growth and development of high-tech enterprises.Many high-tech enterprises have been increasing and formed a large scale in Zhejiang Province at the period of 2011-2015 (as shown in the Figure 2).Third, set the public service platform for the innovative methods.According to the characteristics of the scattered and difficult concentration of innovation resources in Zhejiang Province, the construction can be divided into blocks and types in the construction of public service platform of innovation methods.At first, 4 platforms of innovative methods of technological literature resources co-construction and sharing platform, cooperative sharing platform for large instrument and equipment, laboratory animal public service platform, and technology achievement sharing service platform were set.Later, four basic condi-

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Change in quantity figure of high-tech enterprises in Zhejiang Province between 2011-2015.Source: according to the Statistical Yearbook of Zhejiang Province in 2011-2015.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Innovation mode of science and technology intelligence in Zhejiang Province.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4.The innovative mode of multi-dimensional Linkage in Guangdong Province.

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Innovative Mode of training and introducing high-end talents in Shaanxi Province.

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. Change of patent application quantity of high technology industry in 2011-2015.Source: according to the Statistical Yearbook of Hubei Province 2011-2015.

Figure 8 .
Figure 8. Innovation mode of science and technology guidance in Shandong Province.

Figure 9 .
Figure 9. Changes in employed persons of science and technology service industry of Shandong Province between 2012-2015.Source: According to the Statistical Yearbook of Shandong Province 2012-2015.
Guangdong, Shaanxi, Hubei and Shandong shows that there are significant differences in innovation patterns among different provinces, but the mechanism of innovation development is roughly the same.The construction of innovative provinces generally adheres to the strategy of innovation-driven development, creates a good policy environment, pays attention to the development of innovative industries, accelerates the gathering of talents, and strengthens the cooperation between production, education and research in China.These practices have provinces and cities in China shall learn from the experience of Jiangsu Province in adhering to the strategy of "innovation-driven development" in the construction of innovative provinces to unswervingly adhere to the strategy of "innovation-driven development", which runs through the whole process of economic and social development.In the context of deep integration into the establishment of the Yangtze River Delta economic circle and second comprehensive national science center in other provinces and cities in China, it is necessary to correctly understand the spirit of the Opinions on implementing the Strategy of Innovation-Driven Development and further accelerating the Construction of Innovation-Oriented provinces, the innovation-driven development strategy is insisted as the core strategy of constructing innovative provinces.The experience of Guangdong and Shandong to optimize the policy environment through the financial subsidies, transformation of scientific and technological achievements and promotion of scientific and technological intermediary services are imitated to carry forward the spirit of Hui-Shang, create an innovative culture with advocating innovation, tolerant of failure, and accepting.Strengthening the creation, application and protection of intellectual property to create a fair competition market environment.Other provinces and cities shall make great efforts to amplify the effect of financial investment, promote the deep combination of technology and finance, construct a diversification, multi-channel and multi-level system of scientific and technological investment, and optimize the investment and financing environment of scientific and technological innovation(Bo et al., 2013).
shall attach great importance to the gathering of talents.Shaanxi Province strengthens the guarantee and encouragement of high level innovative venture talents, focuses on supporting outstanding entrepreneurial talents who use their own intellectual property rights or their core technological innovations to start their own businesses in terms of scientific and technological innovation leaders, constructs the technical innovation team, and creates innovative talent training base to gather many innovative talents for the construction of innovative provinces in Shaanxi Province.It has provided powerful intellectual support to promote the construction of talent team and help the construction of innovative provinces in Shaanxi Province.Other provinces and cities in China shall lesson from the experience of Shaanxi in introducing talents, and reform and improve the mechanism of talent training, introduction, evaluation and encouragement.Other provinces and cities in China also shall implement the plan of encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship in Anhui Province by introducing the high-level scientific and technological talents team to Anhui Province, develop the regional innovation and cooperation in other provinces with the Yangtze River Delta, the middle four corners and Zhongguancun,etc., support enterprises and scientific research institutions in other provinces and cities in China to go out and set up research and development institutions, cultivate high-end leaders, realize the complementary and win-win cooperation, and provide the core talents for the innovation and driving development of the province.3.4.Strengthening the Deep Cooperation of Industry-University-ResearchGuangdong Province shall focus on scientific and technological reform, make full use of the superior resources of Sun Yat-sen University, South China University of Technology, and other well-known enterprises, such as Tencent, Huawei and so on to deepen the cooperation between the industry-universityresearch of provincial departments and institutes, strengthen the construction of technological innovation system, construct a technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market as the guide, and combine the industry-university-research, and guide the relevant innovation elements to gather to the enterprises.As a model of national cooperation, Guangdong Province is worth learning from other provinces and cities in China.Other provinces and cities in China shall actively cooperate with the famous universities and scientific H. C. Yang et al.DOI: 10.4236/cus.2018.62013241 Current Urban Studies research institutes in their own province, and vigorously introduce the superior innovative resources and take the way of opening up and innovating.Continue to explore the "production" as the leading new industry-university-research entity management operation mechanism, so that other provinces and cities in China have made tangible contributions to the restructuring of the product structure of enterprises in the province and accelerating the industrialization of high and new technology and the transformation of traditional industries into high and new technologies.

Table 1 .
Major laws and policies of the state, Jiangsu and cities (counties) to promote the cooperation of industry-university-research in recent years.
of China, Decision on Speeding up the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries, Measures to Promote the Construction and Development of Strategic Alliance for Industrial Technological Innovation ( trial implementation), Opinions on Mobilization of Sci-tech Workers to Serve Enterprises Provincial level Measures for the Implementation of the Introduction Plan of High-level Entrepreneurship Innovation Talents in Jiangsu Province, Measures of Special Fund management for Transformation of Technological Achievements in Jiangsu ( trial implementation) Several opinions on speeding up the Development of High-tech