The Coal ’ s Layer Temperature Regime under Conditions of Heat Removal of Absorbed Microwave Energy by Radiation and Convection Simultaneously

Coal is one of the most popular sources of energy. However, it has a relatively low energy efficiency due to high humidity and a greater release of harmful substances during combustion. On the other hand, the coal reserve on earth is estimated at 500 years and the cost is relatively low. This causes the search for new ways of processing coal. One way to efficiently process coal, while reducing the humidity and content of harmful components is microwave treatment. The basic information for microwave exposure to coal is the temperature field. In this paper, an approximate-analytically nonlinear mathematical model for heating a flat coal mass is studied, provided that the absorbed microwave energy is removing by heat radiation and convection simultaneously.


Introduction
At present, there are many experimental confirmations [1] [2] of the prospects of using microwave treatment of coal material.Advantages over conventional processing methods (convective, infrared, conductive, etc.) include the uniformity and volume character of heating; the possibility of concentrating large capacities in certain places; obtaining the required temperature distribution; low inertia; absence of a heat-bearing medium, etc., which significantly increases the effectiveness of such an impact on energy coal.These specific features of microwave radiation make it possible to search for optimal heating regimes taking into account changes in the characteristics of coal during the process (humidity, content of other components, temperature, thermophysical and electromagnetic inhomogeneity, etc.) [3].A comparison was made between the economics of drying by various methods and the microwave advantage was demonstrated [4].A number of experiments were performed showing the possibility and efficiency of combining different types of drying with microwave drying [5].
Energy costs for evaporation under the influence of microwave radiation are reduced to an average of two times.It is shown that with evaporation of moisture, complete removal of nitrogen from wet coal samples occurs.In addition, there is a reduction of about 50% sulfur, 50% mercury, 30% ash, 50% chlorine [6].
Even a brief analysis of the application of microwave treatment of coal massifs demonstrates the prospects of its use and development in modern energy technologies, which will significantly improve the environmental safety and efficiency of burning coal fuel.

Problem of Microwave Heating of Plane Coal Massive
Coal is a dielectric material capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation from the microwave range and thus forming an internal heat source.In this formulation, it was modeled according to Bouguer's exponential law (Equation ( 1)).This internal heat source ensures warming up, ignition and burning out of the coal massif.The layer itself has two boundaries.At the top-the mode of heat removal using two mechanisms: radiation and convection (see Figure 1), on the bottomthermal insulation.Radiation is most pronounced at high temperatures (~T 4 ), convection at lower temperatures (~T).However, in the general case, it is necessary to take into account two parallel heat fluxes.
The mathematical model contains the following assumptions: 1) Thermophysical characteristics of coal are constant and isotropic; 2) The initial temperature of the layer is constant along the coordinate; 3) Heat from the surface of the array is removed by heat radiation and convection simultaneously; 4) The non-isothermicity of a coal massif is taken into account.
Taking into account the above assumptions, the system of differential equations of the given problem will be written in the following form: ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) Figure 1.The scheme of the problem of microwave heating with heat dissipation by convection and heat radiation simultaneously.
Here t is the current time, s; x-current Cartesian coordinate, m; t s -the moment of ignition, s; l-thickness of the coal massif, m; a-coefficient of thermal diffusivity, m 2 /s; T (x, t) is the current temperature, K; λ-coefficient of thermal conductivity, W/m•K; c-heat capacity, kJ/kg•K; α-Heat transfer coefficient at the upper surface, W/m 2 •K; ρ-density, kg/m 3 ; σ-Visible coefficient of thermal radiation, W/m 2 •K 4 ; k is the absorption coefficient of microwave radiation, m −1 ; T c -ambient temperature, K.
In order to find a generalized solution, we turn to dimensionless variables, choosing as scales the quantities entering into the uniqueness conditions of the problem.To this end, we introduce new variables into problem (1)-( 4): As a result, we have: Problem ( 5)-( 8) does not have a strict analytic solution, since the Stefan-Boltzmann law is nonlinear in (7).However, as shown in our paper [7], it is possible to construct sufficiently effective asymptotics for such problems.Next, we turn to the construction of such asymptotics for small and large values of Fo.
To this end, we translate the system ( 5)-( 8) from the region of the originals into the Laplace region of images.
The transformed system looks like this: We find the solution of this system as the sum of the solution of a homogeneous problem and a solution with allowance for the inhomogeneous term: The solution of the homogeneous problem in the general form gives: The nonhomogeneous part must be of the form: Next we substitute the general form of the solution 0 ( , ) for an inhomogeneous problem in Equations ( 9)-(11), we find the constants.
Then the general and particular solution for the Laplace-transformed temperature distribution can be written: Here is Transmission function: Next, we turn to the search for asymptotic solutions for small times.

Small Fo (Large s)
We introduce the notation 1 ( , ) Then the system of basic Equations ( 5)-(8) after the Laplace transform looks as follows: We represent the transfer function in the form of an expansion in the large parameter s: As a result, the general solution in the images becomes: Further we substitute the solution 1 ( , ) Y X s into the system (9)-( 11) and equate the terms with the same degrees of expansion.As a result, for 1 ( , ) X s From Equation (10) it follows that The solution of (15) is represented in the form From the boundary condition (16) it follows that 0 A = As a result, we have: For X = 1, using (15), we find Further we substitute hyperbolic functions into (19): ( 1) ( 1) As a result, the solution in images becomes ( ) Then we carry out the inverse Laplace transform.For large s it is permissible to assume that s Bu  and For large s, the expression Then the final solution is written in convolution

Po e
Fo N X Fo To obtain an explicit calculation expression, we expand ( ) Ki η in the Taylor series near Fo Limited to the first term of the expansion, we have

Po e
Fo N X Fo After taking the integral, we get: The boundary temperature is found by substituting X = 1 in (30): As a result, the surface temperature is calculated by the following expression: Here are new variables: ( ) )

Bi d Sk d Bi d Sk d a Sk d c
Sk d

Large Fo (Small s)
We take the inverse transformation from the term with the source as we do on previous stage, but now we calculating expressions with assumption of small s.
Let's set new variable: We shall construct the asymptotics for large times-for this purpose we expand the transfer function in a series with respect to the small parameter s: Substituting ( 27) into the basic Equation ( 9) and equating the terms with the same powers of s, we obtain a system for determining 0 ϕ , 1 ϕ , 2 ϕ The system that is used for this: As a result, we get Each equation in (28) requires 2 boundary conditions for finding two constants.
The boundary condition: The second constant is found from the integral relations: We solve the system, finding for the asymptotics in the originals with allowance for the two terms of the series (27).As a result, we have The unknown surface temperature ( The solution of (32) is where the function F 1 has the form ( ) The solution of (34) is:

Bi Sk
A typical temperature distribution obtained from this solution is demonstrated on Figure 2.
The stationary solution for large times is found from the basic Equation ( 5) and looks as follows: ( ) 25) Journal of Computer and Communications

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Temperature distribution over the depth of the layer. ) Knowing the surface temperature, you can calculate the required temperature: