On the Inverse Problem of Dupire ’ s Equation with Nonlocal Boundary and Integral Conditions

In this study, Inverse Problem for Dupire’s Equation with nonlocal boundary and integral conditions is studied. Then, by means of the some transformation, this equation is converted to diffusion equation. The conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a classical solution of the problem under consideration are established and continuous dependence of ( ) ,v ρ on the data is shown. It is emphasized that this problem is well-posed.


Introduction
In mathematical finance, Dupire's formula (local volatility) is expressed in the following form ( ) The Dupire formula enables us to deduce the volatility function in a local volatility model from quoted put and call options in the market.In a local volatility model the asset price model is under a risk-neutral measurement.For the relevant formula, reference [1].
Non-homogeneous Dupire's equation is shown as follows, ( ) The Dupire equation is a forward equation for the call option price V as a function of the strike price S and the time to maturity t.The local volatility of the underlying assets is a deterministic function of assets price and the time t.The randomness from the stock price: [2].
In the 1970s, when Black-Scholes formula was initially derived, most people were convinced that the volatility of a certain asset given the current circumstance was a constant number.Then, later on, after the economic crash in 1987, people were starting to doubt the constant volatility assumption.Especially after more and more evidence of volatility smile was collected, people tend to believe that the implied volatilities cannot remain constant during the whole time.They probably have some dependent relationships with some other factors in the option pricing model as well.One of such guesses is that, the implied volatility could be depending on the stock price S(t) and time t.And if we study a model of price processes with a volatility that depends on the stock price S(t) and time t, we can try to explore the inner connection between the implied volatility, and the local volatility.The volatility in such models depends on the σ imply ( ) ( ) stock price S(t) and time t [3].
In mathematical physics, one of the most famous diffusion equations is a partial differential equation that describes the flow of heat and is given by = is a function of space x and time t and k is an arbitrary real constant known as the diffusion coefficient.The above is called a heat equation.
Black-Scholes PDE, even though explicitly not a heat equation, can be transformed into a heat equation like the above with suitable transformation of variables.To be exact, the heat equation is not the most generalized form of diffusion equation that arises in physics, but we shall currently limit our discussion to the heat equation because that will suffice for our understanding of dynamics of financial derivatives.
We can think of a call option (on a financial asset) being governed by an equation similar to the above, where ( ) , u u S t = will be the call option price as a function of a spatial variable, S the asset price (here, x S = ) and time, t.The diffusion coefficient, k can be thought as the volatility of the asset price.
Formerly studies related to inverse problem for parabolic equations can be examined in [4]- [12].
We handle inverse problem for some partial differential equations in finance In this study, we take into consideration the following equation The periodic boundary condition And the over determination condition The problem of finding a pair problem for Dupire's Equation.

Converting the Dupire's Equation to the Diffusion Equation
( ) ( )

Existence and Uniqueness of the Solution of the Transformed Inverse Problem [13]
There are the following assumptions on the data of problem (2.1)-(2.4).

Riesz bases in
[ ] It is easy to verify that each systems (3.1) and (3.2) are biorthogonal on [0,1].Applying the standard procedure of the Fourier method, we get the following presentation for the solution (2.1)-(2.3)for arbitrary ( ) [ ] where ( ) ( ) are consistent conditions for the presentation (3.3) of the solution ( ) , v x t to be valid.Besides, under the smoothness assumptions , the series (3.3) and its x- ) series is absolutely convergent according to the conditions ( ) ( ) = in Δ T .
[13] Equation (2.4) could be differentiated according to (v 1 ) to obtain; Besides, under the consistency assumption Consider that the dominator in (3.6) and (3.

Continuous Dependence of (P,v) on the Data
Theorem [1]: Let Λ be class of triples in the form { } for some positive constants , 0,1, 2,3 i M i = .
Then, the solution pair { } , P v of the so-called problem (2-1)-(2.4)depends on the data in Λ for small T.

4 )
result the following Volterra integral equation (Second kind):

7 )
is never equal to zero, since the assumption So, we get a unique function ( ) t ρ which is continuous on [ ] 0,T and together with the solution of the so-called problem (2.1)-(2.3)given by Fourier series (3.3), forms the unique solution of the inverse problem (2.1)-(2.4)[13].