MISO-Type Voltage-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter Using Single Universal Voltage Conveyor

A universal biquadratic filter using single universal voltage conveyor (UVC), two resistors and two capacitors is presented in this paper. The proposed structure has three inputs and one output and can realize all the five standard biquadratic filters: low-pass (LP), high-pass (HP), band-pass (BP), band-reject (BR) and all-pass (AP) from the same circuit configuration. The presented universal filter offers low active and passive sensitivities. SPICE (Version 16.5) simulation results using 0.18 μm TSMC technology have been included.


Introduction
There is a growing interest in the design of single-input multi-output (SIMO) or multi-input single-output (MISO) voltage-mode (VM) or current-mode (CM) universal filter configurations, due to their flexibility and versatility for practical applications [1].In literature [2]- [8], filter configurations employing different active building blocks/devices (such as current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA), current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA), modified current feedback operational amplifier (MCFOA), current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) and voltage differencing voltage transconductance amplifier (VDVTA)) have been presented over the past few years.Multifunction filter structures have been presented in [9], where structures employing three UVCs could realize only three basic filters (i.e.LP, HP, and BP).In [10], authors have proposed three multi-function filter structures employing: i) Three UVCs which can realize three basic filters i.e.LP, HP, and BP.ii) Two UVCs which can realize four basic filters i.e.LP, HP, BP and, AP. iii) Single UVC which can realize four basic filters i.e.LP, HP, BP and, AP.
Filter structures presented in references [9] [10] are unable to realize all the basic biquadratic filter functions from single topology (i.e.LP, HP, BP, BR and AP).Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a new universal VM biquad with three inputs and one output, which can realize all basic standard second order filter functions, namely: LP, HP, BP, BR and AP without changing the circuit topology.Workability of the proposed filter has been established by SPICE (Version 16.5) simulations using 0.18 μm TSMC technology.

Proposed Filter Configuration
The symbolic representation and equivalent circuit model of the UVC are shown in Figure 1(a) and Figure 1(b) respectively.The UVC is a 6-port active element with one voltage input x, two difference current inputs (y + , y − ), two mutually inverse voltage outputs (z + , z − ), and one auxiliary port w.Using standard notations, the relationship between port currents and voltages of a six port UVC is given by the following equations.
A routine circuit analysis (assuming ideal UVC) of Figure 2 gives the follow-  ing expression for the output voltage in terms of input voltages: From Equation ( 2), all standard filter functions (LP, HP, BP, BR and AP) can be realized (for and 1 0 V = (grounded), then low pass filter can be realized.
( ) ( ) and 3 0 V = (grounded), then high pass filter can be realized (grounded), then band pass filter can be realized.
( ) ( ) , then all pass filter can be realized.
( ) ( ) where: The expressions for natural frequency ( 0 ω ), quality factor (Q 0 ) and band- width (BW) are given by: From Equation (3), it can be observed that after adjusting BW by R 1 , 0 ω can independently be controlled through R 2 .Furthermore, it is seen that no inversion of the input signal(s) is required in any of the five filter realizations.
In the ideal case, the various sensitivities of 0 ω and BW with respect to R 1 , R 2 , C 1 , and C 2 are found to be:

Non-Ideal Analysis and Sensitivity Performance
Model of UVC including parasitic elements is shown in the Figure 3 [12].
Taking into account, the non-idealities of UVC, the relationship of the terminal voltages and currents in Equation ( 1) can be rewritten as: , , , , , 0 where Here ( ) , represent the current and voltage tracking errors of the UVC, respectively.The parasitic present on the low impedance ports (y + , y − , z + , z − ) is quite low as compared to the resistances on the other ports (w and x) [13].After considering the parasitic of UVC in the proposed structure, shown in Figure 4, the expression for output voltage in terms of input voltages is given as follows: ( ) ( ) Figure 3. Non-ideal model of UVC. ( ) Its active and passive sensitivities can be found as: ) ( ) Considering the typical values of various parasitic capacitance 17.41 pF

Simulation Results
To validate its theoretical analysis, the presented biquadratic filter is verified by SPICE simulations.The voltage and current selected for CMOS implementation of UVC are ±1.9V and 100 μA, respectively.CMOS implementation of universal voltage conveyor shown in Figure 5 and the aspect ratios of MOSFETs used in Figure 5 are given in Table 1 [15].The passive elements are chosen as Ω .The natural frequency ( 0 ω ) and band- width (BW) of the proposed filter for the selected passive elements are 15.99 kHz and 31.8 kHz respectively.Figure 6 shows the magnitude response of the proposed biquadratic filter.Figure 7 and Figure 8 show the magnitude and phase responses of all pass filter respectively.A comparison with other previously known MISO-type biquads using different active building blocks has been given Table 1.The aspect ratios (W/L) of MOSFETs used in Figure 5.  in Table 2. CMOS UVC was implemented using 0.18 μm TSMC CMOS model parameters [16].

Conclusion
A New voltage-mode MISO-type universal biquadratic filter configuration is

Figure 4 .
Figure 4.The proposed biquadratic filter considering the parasitic.
which are all quite low.

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.Frequency response of the proposed biquad filter.

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. Frequency response of all-pass filter.