Unitless Physics II: Internal Proton Structure US9-2

The internal structure of the proton is chaotic according to the Standard Model. This paper explores several possibilities, based on US9-1, for producing an internal structure of the proton which is orderly. The hypothesis that quantized distance determination via particle to particle communication is required for force application eliminates E & M in the proton interior enabling a structure consisting of gravitational orbits. Communication velocities much greater than the velocity of light are required to enable the fundamental particles to generate the accepted laws of physics. In order to generate increasing complexity in Nature, the Uncertainty Principle must become the Organizational Principle. The Hydrogen atom is the source of evolution.


Introduction
This paper presents ideas concerning the internal structure of the proton. These ideas are enabled by the unitless system developed in US9-1. Familiarity with US9-1 is required in the following presentation [1]. The primary constants of US9-1, m e , R and @, adequately describe the actual values of mass, lifetime, and mass times lifetime of fundamental particles. This unexpected correlation should lead directly to internal algorithms. In US9, m e and @ are components of internal temporal processing in particles. US9 has entered the heart of the Standard Model.
Therefore, a primary objective of US9-2 is to produce a preliminary internal model of the proton which will provide practitioners of the Standard Theory a stable proton to interact with. The evolution of Physics in the Universe must emphasize efficiency of information processing and communication. The Hydrogen atom has the inherent capability of evolving to more complex structures, the atoms and molecules.
This leads to biological evolution and thus must exhibit similar traits. The proton must contain fundamental properties that are shared by all evolved creatures. The experience of life is shared by all entities in the Universe. The Uncertainty Principle will become the Organizational Principle [2].
This results in internal time which can appear as external space-time but is simply a consequence of internal information processing. Force fields are communications between particles which originate within the particles but require a distance determination to be activated.
In US9-1, a unitless Physics was derived from fundamental constants which demonstrated intimate relationships in many areas of Physics that were not recognizable with the standard system. US9-1 produced a simple relationship between electrostatics and gravity and simple relationships between the constants of US9-1 and the masses and lifetimes of fundamental particles. Standard Physics concludes that the internal structure of the proton is chaotic [3].
US9-2 will consider the internal structure of the proton as the stable source of communications and physical law. We will introduce several principles which are required to answer logical gaps in the Standard Model and to provide connections in Physics to evolution. Such connections require an internal viewpoint of particles in addition to field theory. The purpose of this paper is to illuminate the properties necessary for a complete theory of Physics which provides inter-

The Uncertainty Principle
In US9, Einstein's rest energy and Plank's constant are intimately related:

Internal Proton Structure
Force fields originate from particles. An Internal structure is required to produce communication and to react to the communicated field.
The internal structure of the proton is enabled via the elimination of the electrostatic force and the part of the strong force that counters the electrostatic force within the proton. The inefficiency of opposing forces requires excessive information processing that is unlikely in Nature.
Electrostatic force from the proton is inactive over the proton radius . This oc- Applying the deBroglie period to the proton: The larger value, ×1.54, requires a new theory regarding the quantized distance force. The similarity of the measured proton radius value and the value from the deBroglie period indicates the following hypothesis.
Hypothesis I: The electrostatic force requires quantized communication between interacting particles to determine distance. Electrostatic force from the proton is inactive over the proton radius . Gravitational internal structure is possible.
For relativistic particles, the distance determined would be significantly over estimated producing a zone of variable reaction to the electrostatic force. This assumes that a return signal is necessary to determine the distance between two interacting particles. The near coincidence between the radius measurement and the deBroglie distance is one justification for this dead zone. The information required to use the strong force to counter the electrostatic force is unnaturally inefficient. The chaotic internal state of the proton predicted by the Standard Model is inappropriate for the foundation particle of the Universe. Gravitation may be the foundation of internal particle structure and E&M may be a later development in the evolution of Physics.
Applying the deBroglie period to the electron: If we assign the deBroglie period to the spin rotation period: Spin velocity is independent of mass. Calculations for Table 1 and Table 2: The velocity in US9 units is only 1.657 larger than in MKS units.
Values for the electron and proton are estimated via 1 a = . Conclusions from the Gravitational Orbit Table   Values of "a" [E−17 to E−29 m] fit deep within the dead zone postulated for electrostatics. The value of G seems tailored for this purpose.
Hypothesis IV: All binary components of fundamental particles are also gravitational binaries.
There would be 2 n components associated with each fundamental particle.
Perhaps some of these are quarks. Here, assume a proton binary.   This type of complexity along with internal communication structure is a requirement for particle generation of the fields of the Standard Model and for particle reaction to those fields.
Efficient information processing is the fundamental requirement for the maintenance of particle lifetime. Nature is governed by internal processing. This enables evolution to produce atoms, molecules, biology and higher life forms.
Ignoring this fact has resulted in the stagnation of the Standard Model.

Define Digital Parameters at Nonrelativistic Velocities
This term is obviously an orthogonal delay proportional to distance traveled.
Internal digital motion step processing delay can replace the external space-time concept.
Electrostatic Acceleration from proton on electron: The association of  with acceleration is another intriguing mystery.
The U.P. association makes excessive acceleration possible, and perhaps eliminates the dark matter requirement. The distance, r, is determined via communication becoming an internal time parameter.

Communication Theory
The Spin is a gravitational phenomenon. "c" is regulated by "c 2 " via receptor communication. Hypothesis VIII: The gravitational field is generated at velocity c 2 [7].
Particle to particle communication is via gravitinos. The virtual particle scenario is actually internal particle temporal processing.
Gravitational Acceleration from proton on electron:  Gravitational communication inside fundamental particles is now assumed to be at velocity c 2 . Internal proton forces require interaction between internal particles. Interaction requires transfer of particle identity and energy transfer. The law of angular momentum conservation has been used as a basis for much of physics without producing a rationale for the physics which produces the law. Radial communication time is the rationale. "c 2 " has been introduced as the gravitational signal velocity communicated along the radius within the suggested internal time, α. As "r" is reduced, r t ∆ is reduced which decreases the Journal of Modern Physics time between steps, δt, producing larger Δx per time, α.
As an example, a tornado would follow this law. The ability to confuse this signal would disrupt the structure of the tornado. 1E3 m tornado radius ×2 con- The more massive group is close to R x the first group [8].

Photons in US9
Photon view: The photon mass can be treated as a normal mass.
Wavelength is the Bohr base orbit circumference divided by @R λ .
US9 enables new relationships.
The gravitational binary orbit radius solutions for photons from the Hydrogen ground state and the cosmic background are physically possible. All fundamental particles can be equal or unequal binaries. Binary structure is characteristic of all life.

Complexity in Physics
In Digital calculations internal to particles result in the reaction of the particles to the fields of Standard Physics. This requires a balance between external fields and internally generated actions. This is a concept inherent in conservation of momentum and energy.
In US9, the concept of zero is equivalent to non-existence and therefore is excluded from the physics of nature. Standard Physics has required the existence of zero because of the arbitrary units. US9 assumes the existence of a minimum digit (1), the smallest entity in Nature, yet to be determined. As a consequence, the concept of mathematical infinity is non-existent. However, all other real numbers are valid, but they are expected to have defined physical minimum and maximum values.

The Organizational Principle
The Uncertainty Principle is normally assumed to be totally statistically random. This is impossible to verify and is probably not true. A better statement is "The Uncertainty Principle is also the Organizational Principle". It is obvious that this Journal of Modern Physics hypothesis requires evaluating what fraction of +/− ħ is available for nonrandom action under what interaction conditions. In US9-1, a unitless transformation of ħ puts momentum and distance on the same scale which enables a discussion of a causal component in the U.P.
The causal component of the U.P. occurs when [+ or − or 0] is a decision reaction with interacting particles which results in a momentum change parallel or anti-parallel to the momentum of the interacting particle. The result appears random when the incoming particle momenta are random. The accumulated effects of many such decisions can accumulate to produce stream motion [+] or orbital motion [−]. This is the primary cause of the dominance of order in atoms, star systems and galaxies. This also results in a common explanation for jet streams, tornadoes, eddies, hurricanes, spiral galaxies, galactic jets and magmatic plumes. Standard Physics provides an excellent description of all such events, but it does not provide a causal description, a physical step-by-step evolution that produces these phenomena. The recent discovery of giant magmatic plumes cooling the core of the earth is not predicted by Standard Physics, but can be with the OP.
The Organizational Principle enables production and maintenance of atomic and molecular structures via a bias towards larger organizations.
In order for the OP to operate on cosmic scales in a similar manner, e.g. hurricanes and spiral galaxies, tornadoes and galactic jets, the communication time between particles must be shorter than that provided by the velocity of light. This is also clearly required to explain the communication required to produce Newton's Laws and Mach's Principle (Einstein's Failure) and quantum mechan-

Summary
The possibility has been established that fundamental particles can be composed of gravitational binaries. The proton can have a stable structure which contains the fundamental laws of Physics in the form of internal processing. Also, if the Uncertainty Principle can be viewed as the Organizational Principle via enabling the assumed randomness to contain significant ordered action which creates evolution to greater complexity, then the laws of Physics become the basis of biological evolution. The OP is an internal particle processing system.
The above work contains a new way of looking at Physics and many clues to a more complex system of fundamental particle communication which enables evolution of Physics as a base for biological evolution.
Evolving Physics creates complexity. Nature is never as simple as we imagine it to be. Although we discover that Laws of Physics are amazingly simple, they will always be found to have limits where complexity increases. Physicists must always be searching for alternative viewpoints, otherwise the search for truth becomes stagnant.
Experience of Nature is Universal, we have inherited this from the Hydrogen atom. We are a part of fundamental Physics.