Identification of the Type of Strategic Policy for Sustainable Development on the Basis of Territorial Characterization . A Case Study in Canton Baños de Agua Santa , Tungurahua , Ecuador

This study was carried out in Baños de Agua Santa, Province of Tungurahua-Ecuador; From the time of Spanish colonization to the present day, the failure to implement sustainable development policies has led to the decline of some economic activities and has driven tourism as the main source of income without structured sustainable guidelines with established planning for which becomes a fundamental alternative axis, generating the depletion of tourism resources and territorial disorder, the product of an imposing mercantilist system that guides competitiveness in an indiscriminate way. In correspondence the objective was to identify the type of strategic policy for the sustained development of the tourist destination referred to. Methodologically the study uses theoretical methods such as analysis and synthesis, inductive-deductive, historical-logical, others of the empirical level, among which we can cite the criterion of experts, matrices of analysis such as: external factor evaluation (EFE), evaluation of Internal factors (EFI), SWOT analysis, strategic evaluation and position of action (PEEA) and descriptive statistics. The results obtained were the determination of the present and future incidence of economic activities in the territory under study and the projection of the type of strategic policy for sustainable and responsible management of natural, cultural, socio-productive resources, preventing different Economic cycles, through the evaluation of their productive factors.


Introduction
Territorial management is the planned systematization that promotes sustainable use of the territory through the integration of resources-human, financial, organizational, political and natural, as well as territorial.They seek to meet the individual and collective needs of different sectors of the population.Public administration is responsible for managing the territory to eliminate economic imbalances, and to promote dynamic systematized between urban and rural areas, whose social cohesion is a generator of development [1] [2] [3].
In the year 2013, the German Social Cooperation and Technical Assistance, in its report on territorial management, argues that the territorial management points to a sustainable development because it harmonizes the proposals for development of the population with the potentials and resources of the territory.
For this reason, it is considered that territorial management allows resources to be used in a reasonable way, generating sustainability over time and ensuring that these resources are perpetuated with a vision to meet present and future needs of the people through the optimization of the potentials and resources of the territory.Territorial management is made up of diagnosis and self-test, spatial planning, strategic plan of institutional development and policy development because territorial management should answer the following questions: Why do we want to do territorial management?, Who do we do territorial management with?, What is our wealth?,What are our strengths and values?, What do we want?, How do we do it?;and How it has been demonstrated in the investigations carried out by Alen, Calvo, Hernán, Massiris [4] [5] [6] [7].
Territorial management assumes a wide range of units of analysis which focuses on the selection of interests and objectives to investigate, diagnose and pedrict, Rodriguez (2010).The analysis of the territorial management focuses on the analysis of variables such as: natural physical units, the political-administrative division, environmental units, sensitive ecosystems, landscape units anthropized rural and urban areas, port areas, and tourist poles [8].This work agrees with Delgadillo (2009), he stated that the development of a region depends on its ability to stimulate local initiatives, generate new businesses and lead a dynamic of territorial innovation.This is a definition that is consistent with the development in Ecuador which has evolved around the evolution of its population and needs [9].
The Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador (2008), sets four provisions related to State policy, on the basis of that legal framework, the National Secretary of Planning and Development (SENPLADES), leads the process of the Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir "National Plan for Well-being" 2013-2017.This plan considers the territory as a multidimensional and dynamic social construction that allows the national public policy to articulate with the specific conditions and characteristics of the territory (continental, marine and island) where the territorial planning guidelines are directed toward the search for a territorial rebalancing by reducing the imbalances in social, economic, environmental and infrastructure, to achieve well-being.This plan has been called the National Terri-torial Strategy [10] [11].
The National Plan of Well-being, is the first planning tool that articulates sub-national levels (provincial, cantonal and parish).Also, according with the provisions of articles 10 and 53 of the Organic Code of Planning and Finance (COPFP), it establishes the National Territorial Strategy (TNCS).This plan constitutes a complementary instrument to the National Plan for Well-being that allows to articulate the national public policy to the specific conditions and characteristics of the territory.Currently, the report of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Ecuador believes that tourism represents 5.93% of the national GDP, which shows how the standard planning process drives this economic activity.In Ecuador, there are various tourist places; Baños de Agua Santa is one of those places.Baños is the territory object of this study and it is the third most visited tourist destination along the country.However, mercantilism is impregnated in the mentality of the providers of tourist services of Baños de Agua Santa.It promotes a media atmosphere that constantly destroys weak development programs that posses a short-term, populist, inefficient operational planning whose dynamics of change are never at the pace of new trends in a globalized world.This is a product of the application of non-validated processes in scientific theories.

The
In such circumstance to transform it into a positive state, it is necessary to control the territorial operation on the basis of sustainable management processes which aims to identify the type of strategic policy for the sustained development of the tourist destination.Its methodology is based on the use of theoretical methods such as; analysis and synthesis, inductive-deductive, logical-historical, among others from the empirical level such as; the criteria of experts, analysis matrix like, external factors evaluation (EFE), internal factors evaluation (EFI), SWOT analysis, evaluation and strategic position of action (EEAP) and descriptive statistics.
It is assumed that the growth of the tourist activity in a territory promotes the need to develop and apply knowledge based on valid disciplines that help to prevent these economic sectors that revolve around a specific activity.Therefore, they enter into a process of economic recession which allow us to understand the importance of sustainability as an emerging and cross-cutting phenomenon that requires special attention, and the systematic coordination of the private and public sector.
For this reason, it is imperative to understand that to adopt a development approach to the protection of the environment as an alternative to the models that have led to the degradation of the environment, it is necessary to promote However, it coincides with Taddei, (2011), who changes the classic vision of the concept of Sustainable Development.This vision considers only three areas; ecological, economic and social development, plus the institutional level for the analysis of territorial realities complicated from the physical and social world, which is part of the normative and legal factors [16].
Finally, it is established that the identification of the type of strategic policy for sustainable development, starting from the analysis of the processes of territorial management and the characterization, rather than a point of arrival, is a starting point, which marks the break between a development model that commercialize the State-Society-Nature relations.There is a new policy which exceeds the reductionist vision of development as economic growth toward an approach that focuses on the human being, through the approach of strategies validated in critical analysis.

Methodology
The methodology applied is based on research conducted by various authors that have deepened into the subject area, such as: Serna (1999), the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses [17] [18] [19] [20].This analysis started with the identification of the problem, which results helped identifying the type of strategic policy for sustainable development, on the basis of theoretical research methods such as; analysis and synthesis, inductive-deductive, logical-historical, and others from the empirical level like the criteria of experts evaluated in the abacus of Regnier and strategic planning tools such as: Analysis SWOT, EFI, EFE, EEAP and descriptive statistics, weighting with point scoring.

Results
Baños de Agua Santa, named after many spas that exist in town was legally con- On this basis of tourists that visit the place, it is established that 86% of visitors are Ecuadorians; 67% of them have higher academic degrees, 33 per cent of the tourists come to this place because they have been to this place before and they know it now.63% of them got information from the Internet and the 57% return to this place more than three times.45% of the tourists do not use the services of any of the 58 travel agencies in town.Tourists stay is at least 1 day (43%).The most widely used means of transport is the public (57%).The majority of tourists are males (67%), and 36% of visitors are among ages 20 to 29 years.Among all the tourist attractions that Baños offers, it can be mentioned the most important by different categories:  2010); Baños de Agua Santa has gone through several phases of management for territorial development [23]- [29].As shown below (Table 1).
The evaluation of various management processes such as; the Abacus of Regnier and Kendall's coefficient of concordance or coefficient of Rank Correlation (W), and the selection of experts using the coefficient K of the competence of the expert K = 1/2 (Kc Ka), presents the following results (Table 2).Report that identifies three areas of development such as: trade, industry, tourism and does not consider agriculture despite being the main economic activity at that time.

Local development proposal-1944
Institutionalization cantonal development appears to solve problems of the media.

Plan of territorial tourist organization-1977
Instrument of management, distribution, circulation and standardization of procedures related only to tourism.

Socioeconomic diagnosis-1979
Statistical study to determine the potential of development   Interpretation: • The information-collecting process presents important issues, because they confuse indexes with indicators and the variables that will be used as the basis for the analysis and decision-making, so they are very limited in all processes of management for development.It is recommended to use physical, biological, human development, demographic, institutional, legal, economic, and socio-economic indicators.
• The opinion of the population in the structuring of the development has never been considered nor required.After the adoption of the Constitution of Ecuador (2008), the participation in the construction of competence development and implementation of well-being is mandatory, but up until now, decisions and policy strategies affect more on the opinion of the local population and on the guidelines for sustainable development.
• Conditions of with multiple and global objectives to promote the territorial competitiveness, and employment for social cohesion have not been created.Also, environmental balance of the environment for the conservation of the territorial-production system has not been promoted, either.Therefore, systematization, organization and dynamics of the processes of strategic planning and management for territorial development are important issues.
• Since 2008, the new Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador promotes the creation of participatory budget aiming to promote equity in the distribution of wealth, but it has been ignored up to the present.Individual political interest has been put in the first place to this legal regulation.Citizenship participation has been put aside in structuring budgets.
• From the perspective of the territory, sustainable development has not been generated.This is a problem due to the absence of dynamic and comprehensive analysis of the economic, socio-cultural, environmental and political-institutional dimensions, which has not helped to promote the welfare of the urban and rural society.This is evident in each territorial development proposal that has not generated the territorial administrative and economic integration as a process of decentralization payer whose development policies are only oriented to the urban sector.
• Various proposals for territory development have not been able to consolidate the design of a policy to promote the economic development that create conditions (business climate) that facilitates the development of investment initiatives for the increase in production and employment in the framework of endogenous development which is oriented to the equitable and inclusive economic development.This would take advantage of the conditions of productive chains and the creation of sustainable employment, overcoming the gaps in the market that are derived from the promotion of production, taking as a basis the local human resources.
• The evaluation of the proposals of development has helped to determine that it has been impossible to diversify the economic and social activities in the territory of the local level on the basis of the mobilization and coordination of resources-both material and immaterial, since there has not been an optimal implementation of the administrative process.It was evident that there is a management model for sustainable development which will not be able to explain, describe or predict some aspect of reality for the decision-making process.All proposals have been characterized to be ideas, diagnostics, and inconsistent development plans because they do not have a line of long-term integration development.
This interpretation shows that the use of the territory for the development and economic growth in a disorganized way has generated social, territorial, legal, and economic conflicts among locals and the floating population, as a result of the lack of a process through which all the inhabitants aim their actions to achieve common development goals.
In this sense, it is imperative to evaluate the external factors (EFE), internal factors (EFI), from the SWOT matrix in order to promote strategic evaluation and position of action (EEAP) on the basis of descriptive statistics to know where to route the development strategies and policies (Figure 2).
The results from the matrix of strategic diagnostics help delineate the position and type of strategy to take (Figure 3).
Graphically it is demonstrated the type of strategic policy that has to be taken in Baños when promoting a policy of development, on the basis of their external and internal factors.

Discussion
Baños de Agua Santa by its strategic geographic location has as its main strength natural resources weighted with 0.52.However, its greatest weakness is the decline of the natural habitat by the misuse of resources and the absence of environmental management for sustainable development whose evaluation is 0.48 points.The results obtained from the matrix of factors internal EFI has as a general estimation 3.53.It means that there are strong internal features highlighting the strengths.From the external factors with 0.64 points determined as an opportunity the influx average of one million visitors a year; the emergence of other friendly new destinations similar to Ecuadorian's environment is an emerging threat punctuated with 0.44.Evaluations made on the basis of the matrix of external factors EFE have a total weight of 2.34.EFE and EFI matrixes are derived from the SWOT matrix, whose weights show that they do not respond correctly to the threats and opportunities that occur despite the existence of a high evaluation of the strengths.Concomitant indicator with the result of the matrix EEAP.This matrix determines that the strategies to be used for the sustainability of the tourist destination have to be aggressive, i.e. they must have well-defined competitive and comparative advantages that support the financial stability, determining the emergence of new competition as a critical factor.

Conclusions
For the creation of strategies for the development of Baños de Agua Santa, it is necessary the social understanding conceives the sustainability in the first instance as the relationship between man and nature in order to correct deficiencies in the use of natural resources and avoid new problems as a result of the shortcomings of a perspective of a scarce capitalist social system of sustainable development.The results obtained promote that for the structuring of aggressive strategies, the mobilization of a system of scientific concepts and theories to support the analysis and interpretations made is required.It can be emphasized that the strategies to be applied are characterized by merging the new proposals for management based on concepts such as: quality circles, cluster, productive chains, value chains, excellence, CRM, Total Quality Management, Reengineering, and Empowerment.All of them must coexist in an environment of social responsibility and participation.
While sustainability or sustainable development has emerged as an alternative for the development, the conception is concluded that based on the implementation of a policy genuinely participatory, each sector, group and individual in society can assume a particular responsibility and act correctly like stakeholders, who will maintain the productive and social processes during generational lapses and social importance.Equal or more resources and results will be obtained from these processes in order to reach a situation of potential development of society, in terms of substantive improvement of the levels and quality of life within a constitutional framework established and achievable.
Strategic Plan for the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Ecuador PLANDETUR 2020, promotes a process to coordinate the efforts of public, private and community for the development of sustainable tourism based on territories and under the principles of poverty alleviation, equity, sustainability, competitiveness and decentralised management by taking advantage of the comparative advantages and uniqueness of the country [12].
productive and social processes during generational lapses until reaching a situation of sustainable development in accordance to what was established with the Brundtland Report (1987); and ratified at the Earth Summit (1972), formulated by the World Commission on Environment and Development of the United Nations, known as the "Rio Declaration", or Agenda 21.Authors such as Mesino (2011); Aguilar (2015); Adams (2015); considered to sustainable development as the substantive improvement of the levels and quality of life; context that promotes interaction between three areas: ecological, economic and social development and between three models of development: viable, sustainable and equitable [13] [14] [15].

Figure 1
Figure 1 is the conductor of the proposal.The analysis of the processes of territorial management and the characterization allows us to have a baseline based on past and current facts, which can be quantified through the theoretical foundations of strategic planning, and applied in a given territory, promoting the improvement of territorial management processes[21] [22].

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Cultural: Cathedral of Del Rosario de Agua Santa Virgin, City Museum, Ecological Garden Brindabana.• Natural Sites: The Tungurahua volcano, hot springs, waterfalls such as: Cabellera de la Virgen, Chamana, Río Ulba, La Piedra la Luz, Manto de la Novia, San Jorge, San Pedro, Pailon del Diablo, Machay, Manto del Angel, Las Orquídeas, San Agustín, Refugio de los Loros, San Miguel, Peñon del Tucán, Manantial del Dorado, Cashuarco.• Canyons: San Martin, El duende.• Rivers and riversides: Río Verde, Río Las Estancias, Río Zúñiga.Lligua volcanic viewpoint.• Contemporary artistic or technical spots: Serpentarium, Eco Zoo San Martin.• According to the Decentralized Autonomous Government of Baños, the tourist offer of the city is based on five key activities: Hotels and Accommo-dation, Recreational Facilities, Travel Agencies, and Food and Crafts.According to research by: Reyes (2001); Vieira (1991), Sanchez (1979); and the studies for the structuring of the Local Development Plans and Territorial (1995); (1997); (2002); ( tool to boost tourism and territorial organization Update of the local development plan of 1995-2002 Document for the Territorial, Economic, Socio-cultural, institutional-Municipal organization Plan of territorial organization 2010 Study to boost the Territorial, Socio-cultural, institutional-Municipal organization Prepared by: Authors.
B B B BPrepared by: Authors Source: Matrix of parameters of development of Baños.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Strategic positioning quadrant Source: compiled by the authors.

Table 1 .
Matrix of parameters of development of Baños.