Modeling GW Generation at Start of the Electro Weak Regime and Its Tie into the Machian Universe with Falsifiable ijh Values

The early electro weak regime as of 32 10 seconds after the big bang is where we could see the initial formation of gravitons, gravitinos and GW. What we intend to do is to look at if Mach’s principle, and a statement of overall quantized energy state behavior of the universe can help us get ij h , using initial conditions as initially presented by Mishra in 2012 we restate as 2 0 const GM R c ≈ . Mach’s principle was used by Mishra, and we use it to come up with conditions for a stable overall mass M contributing to GW generation/ entropy of the universe. The composition of M for gravitons would change over time from initial beginnings to the present day, but the final invariant graviton mass M we work with is a way to state initial and final numbers, N, of the constituent particles contributing to entropy of our universe. By the way of comparison this also is tied into Gravitinos, as super partners to Gravitons, as counted by N, initially, and dying out as up to the present day values. From the present, we have the Machian condition of setting, the present condition, as given by Mishra 2 0 const GM R c ≈ , with M Nm = being the mass of a sub-system inside the universe, with N being the number of “particles”, and m being the net particle mass. We examine the consequences of Mach’s principle for the case of the mass M, contributing to GW and entropy with a case of electro weak today M M − ≈ , i.e. the total mass of the electro weak era is about the same as today’s mass, but if we look directly at the influence of SUSY physics super partners, in such a way that electro weak electro weak Super partner Not Super Partner M M − − − − − ≠ and there is then an equivalence between SUSY dominated early conditions and non-SUSY How to cite this paper: Beckwith, A.W. (2017) Modeling GW Generation at Start of the Electro Weak Regime and Its Tie into the Machian Universe with Falsifiable hij Values. Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, 3, 308-321. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhepgc.2017.32026 Received: January 18, 2016 Accepted: April 17, 2017 Published: April 20, 2017 Copyright © 2017 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access


Introduction: Ranges of Masses Considered and Lifetimes
We give support to the idea that a Gravitino would (as a much more massive particle than even a massive graviton) have a far shorter life time than a graviton, even in the case of Massive gravitons.This will have implications in terms of applying Mach's principle, which is done in this document.
We will work with a seemingly naive interpretation of looking at gravitons, and gravitinos, as given by Sarkar [1] the mass of a rest Gravitino would be for a temperature about Note that gravitinos have a very short life time, and KORI et al. [2] state that the lifetime of the Gravitino goes down as its mass goes up, i.e.

( )
Life time 1 all On page 10, Kori et al. [2] have that Life time 1 all with frequent values for the Gravitino life time down to as low as 1 second, i.e. not lasting long in the neighborhood of the electro weak regime.The electro weak phase would be for 0.3 meters in diameter according to Giovanni Note that in the vicinity of the electro weak regime, the magnetic field was probably enormous, i.e. the obtained magnetic fields were rather strong (i.e.

10 G ∼ B
at the EW epoch) [3] but over a small scale, i.e.The lime time of a graviton if it is a spin two-zero mass boson is effectively infinite.For KK gravitons, as given by Sarkar [1], the way to get the life time is to make use of, and for mode n m is to look at If one is not using KK gravitons, but assuming massive gravitons, then [5] gives the hint, in stating "in conclusion, only the complete non perturbative quantum theory can fix the lifetime of the graviton".
If we made the substitution A good non-perturbative effect may be to go to Equation (3) and to look at n m as for a graviton life time [1] Usually the lifetime of the universe is considered to be and (Big rip scenario) of Equation ( 5) is considerably longer than the expected lifetime of the universe, which is not surprising.
Applying the Machian principle to Gravitinos at 32 10 − seconds, and a 0.
This implies then, Note that for a KK graviton that there is a mass, which we can call as follows, traditionally one has, then Note that as of the Planck scale we would be working with the following.Start off with Planck mass, with The question we can ask is then, what would a spatial distance would correspond to a graviton mass, the surprising answer is Note that the radii of the present universe, in four dimensions is usually thought to be of the order of, as given by Mishra [6] of the value 27 0 ~10 meters R , so then the Here a nonstandard version of KK theory is that in space time, one usually thinks of higher dimensions as of Planck sized spatial contributions, and Arkani Hamid [7] [8] still was very conservative in this matter.
But if there is a prior universe, and that due to cyclic conformal cosmology [9], and a Meta structure containing the 4 dimensional structure, then 20 ~10 m r  as far as an embedding structure is not so fantastic after all.Using Penrose's formulation from his 2010 book [9], we will report on vacuum energy and its connections to entropy.The rub in all of this though is that Penrose never explained how to go from his cyclic conformal cosmology collection of matter from a million or so black holes, to a new universe, a process with initially low temperatures (Black holes eventually evaporate) to the higher temperatures associated with a new big bang.We provide such a driver via use of an addition of the Einstein energy stress tensor with an electromagnetic addition to it [9] [ ] initial Planck time Take in mind that the above Equation ( 15) is assuming a Quintessence set of conditions, i.e. that the vacuum space time changes from initial conditions to the Electro weak era and then to today.The question though is when the electro weak era would actually begin.We can reference a treatment of Hubble time, as follows with the Hubble parameter set, Sarkar [ The electro weak regime, depending upon the evolving values of g * could vary between 35 10 − seconds to as "large "as 32 10 − seconds.
Making use of what was done by Beckwith [10] at DICE, 2010, as to g * rising to at or above 1000, instead of the commonly accepted figure of 100 or so given by Kolb and Turner in 1991 [11], as a chaotic map driven increase in degrees of freedom from a low point to a high point.With vacuum thermal energy initially tied to [10] ( ) The vacuum thermal energy in this case given by quiescent behavior in the vicinity of the electro weak regime would be given by [12] and subsequently mod- The upshot in terms of entropy would be a vacuum energy evolving as follows.Namely [12] [ ] [ ] There are two questions this raises.What would be the driving impetus to go from a low temperature pre space time temperature, then to Planck time entropy, then to the entropy of today as given in Equation ( 19)?This is similar to what would lead to the Electro weak era behavior, as far as an increase to the degrees of freedom.The way to do it would be to have an energy "driver" of inflation.One way to look at it would be to suggest that as done by H. Kadlecova [13] in the 12 Marcel Grossman meeting that the typical energy stress tensor, using, instead, Gyratons, with an electro-magnetic energy density addition to effective Electromagnetic cosmological value as given by ( ) i.e. that there be, due to effective E and M fields a boost from an initially low vacuum energy to a higher ones, as given by Kadlecova [13] [14] Using the principle that one's E field is really another man's B field, and a magnetic field of about given by Ng at the 12 Marcel Grossman conference [15], after a phase transition to the form of a perfect "graviton" gas looking with initial volume ( ) With a temperature of the order of Note that Ng [15] [16], also has that the Hubble radius leading to an effective contribution due to the Electro Weak regime which would be about 0.3 -0.4 meters in length We submit that the Electro weak regime, will be where Gravitinos form, as of having mass of about 1 TeV, with 50 10 TeV ~ net mass M contributing to GW from the electro weak regime which will be part of the ij h calculations in the next section.About 50 23 10 TeV 10 grams = .The universe has a "mass" quantified regime of much greater value of, according to Mishra [6] 56 10 grams , with the following conservation law, of sorts to be worked with as far as information, namely for preserving the cosmological constant information, we would have Next, note that as given by Giovanni, the figure of

Review of the Penrose Cyclic Cosmology Conjecture in 4 Dimensions, Plus What Can Be Said about Black Holes and Fifth Dimensions, Etc.
As given by Penrose [9], the phase space for gravitons in four dimensions can be seen to be The Penrose conjecture is that there is no big crunch that the universe continues to expand, with matter-energy trapped in black holes.Our hypothesis is that Black holes are actually 5 dimensional space time entities, i.e. then look at a much bigger phase space for containment of our 4 dimensional universe [9] 124 FINAL BL Final entropy Galactic Black Holes 10 The matter-energy trapped in black holes is assumed to be conformally mapped back in cyclic conformal cosmology to a new big bang, in so many words, gravitational "energy" is collected and re cycled.This is what Penrose wrote: From page 130 of his reference.Namely look at [9] 2 8π source for gravitational field mass energy density gravitational metric vacuum energy, rescaled as follows ĉcc Note that the idea is conformal invariance, and this is similar to what is done in electromagnetism, as seen by Penrose's [9] set to 4π Field Current 0 For cyclic conformal cosmology the basic construction is as follows.Namely look at • Set a 'field' as
The cross over from Cycle to Cycle is given by mapping in Equation ( 33) above.And the invariance, as in Equation ( 32) and before crossover to new universe zone 0 just before crossover, tiny value remains finite SAME 1 1 Key hypothesis in this presentation, i.e. a graviton can obtain effective mass in the regime before the start of a new mapping.i.e. one can have no issues as to forming a fifth dimensional value of 20 ~10 m r  as far as an embedding structure for the first tier of a KK graviton is not so fantastic after all.This would be shoe horned into the four dimensional space continuum, and be carried through to the electro weak regime, and each graviton super partnered with a gravitino.We would get, then.as was given in Beckwith's 2011 Journal of Cosmology article [18], assuming that the prior ccc cycle first KK spatial radius r was huge in pre cyclic conformal cosmology, and then the 1/r value shifted to a zeroth order mode contribution of [18] and making use of Sarkar [1] as well, i.

Shifting the
The zeroth order KK mode would then be super partnered with a gravitino, and then Equation (25), assuming that Gravitinos would not last long, would be mapped into the invariance relationship given by Equation (25).We furthermore state that the electromagnetic energy as given in Equation (20) as put into the electro weak phase transition due to a magnetic field

Conclusion. Several Invariances, due to Mach's Principle and Its Impact upon Massive Graviton Detection
The main theme, aside from applying conformal cyclic cosmology in a different way, is Equation (25), as well as re-scaling of Mach's principle.According to Gravititino-Graviton Machian ratio invariance, here The benefits from such rescaling are that the evolution of entropy, as seen in using N times m (early universe) to N times m (today) can be written in terms of gravitational physics as to the linkage between super partners, SUSY representation of gravitinos and gravitons.
We can use this Machian relationship to understand the ij h values as influ- enced by massive gravitons.As read from Kurt Hinterbichler [19], if and we look at a mass induced ij h suppression factor put in of ( ) ( ) Here, we have that these are solutions to the following equation, as given by [19] [20] ( ) To understand the import of the above equations, and the influence of the Machian hypothesis, for GW and massive Graviton signatures from the electro weak regime, set and Equation (25) permit ij h to be calculated in ways which a magnetic field 3DSR detector can obtain.
For the sake of completeness, we reference Appendix I for its insights as to Gravitons as far as being analogous as to "Gluons".Appendix II has the purpose of delineating what is in the title, i.e. further considerations as to experimental gravity.Keep in mind that this document is a review of General Relativity and the implications of Mach's principle with future revisions in store.
erators), and we ignore the zero mode for technical reasons.There is a result which says the Hamiltonian operator must have equal levels in operator products, such as a^ †_na^ †_{-n}, that act on the string ground state.The reason for this is there is no preferred direction along the string with parameter σ, and this level matching result is a Noether theorem result from this.Each a^ †_n or b^ †_n is a raising operator for a spin 1 boson field, and the product of the two is a spin 2 field, with no m = 0 or 1 component.So the graviton can be thought of as a pair of Yang-Mills gauge bosons..The operators can be given a spacetime index μ so that we have (a^μ)^ †_n and (a^μ)^ †_{-n}.We then consider this index extended to μ = {0, 1, 2, 3} for spacetime and q = {4, 5, …, 9}.(As a consequence one then finds) A gauge boson operator in standard QFT is then of the form ( ) ( ) ( ) Suppose we have a gauge boson operator (as written up by L. Crowell is then) of the form ( ) ( ) ( ) The interaction (as given by L. Crowell) of the two is of the form ( ) and this is then ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Graphically one has that http://f1602.mail.yahoo.com/ya/download?mid=2%5f0%5f0%5f1%5f51009%5fA HLai2IAAU4jT5ZSdgFM1RGPHm0&pid=1.2.2&fid=Inbox&inline=1&appid=Y ahooMailClassic where the red part that involves the creation of internal space bosons with opposite mode directions on the string.This is equivalent to opposite gauge charges (opposite colors) and so this is a type of glueball, and the annihilation of the opposite charges leaves a product of two operators which recovers a graviton, or two photons.This is a way of looking at how gravitation is a form of QCD, or that gluon chains are equivalent to a graviton.The diagram in the paper by Bern, Dixon and Kosower of the form below depicts the graviton as a pair of gluons, and in general a gluon chain on the boundary of an anti-de Sitter spacetime has the same symmetries as a graviton in the interior of an anti-de Sitter spacetime The graviton with a mass gap for a spin s = 2, then has m = 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, where the 0 states are the dilaton and axion.The s = 1, −1 state then corresponds to a massive form of the graviton which may then have a form (A7) (as written above) which may be a massive gauge boson, such as the Z and W^{+/-} particle.The axion particle is the gadget which involves QCD and takes up the CP violation of QCD-leaving QCD CP symmetric.This might also s principle was used by Mishra, and we use it to come up with conditions for a stable overall mass M contributing to GW generation/ entropy of the universe.The composition of M for gravitons would change over time from initial beginnings to the present day, but the final invariant graviton mass M we work with is a way to state initial and final numbers, N, of the constituent particles contributing to entropy of our universe.By the way of comparison this also is tied into Gravitinos, as super partners to Gravitons, as counted by N, initially, and dying out as up to the present day values.From the present, we have the Machian condition of setting, the present condition, as given by Mishra -system inside the universe, with N being the number of "particles", and m being the net particle mass.We examine the consequences of Mach's principle for the case of the mass M, contributing to GW and entropy with e. the total mass of the electro weak era is about the same as today's mass, but if we look directly at the influence of SUSY physics super partners, in such a way that a constant value.i.e. if Machian physics held from early times, up to the present, it would have implications for explaining entropy, as given in

[ 3 ] 1 ]
in a California institute of technology website, and graviton production as well as gravitino production would start as early as and also confirmed by a university of Oregon Physics website [4].

. 2 .
then the number of super partner Gravitons equals the number of gravitinos in the Electro weak era, and one has the electro weak regime would have 50 electro weak ~10 N − (11) Using quantum infinite statistics, this is a way of fixing the early electro weak entropy as 50 ~10 vs. 88 10 today, i.e. this uses Ng's quantum infinite statistics, to get S N We Have Concluded a Proof, That Entropy, according to Mach's Principle Grows 10 38 Times from the Electro Weak Era.From ~10 50 to 10 88 , What Else?How Do We Get to Have the Entropy Figure of 10 50 ?
the pre-planckian to EW epoch, we could then have a low temperature initial starting point for pre Planckian physics and then by both Equation(19) to Equation (20) go to dramatically increased temperatures, while leading eventually to conditions of Electro Weak space time physics which would be predicted by Ng infinite quantum statistics, which was

88 10 as
due to gravitons can be seen to come from[17], page 156 as

•
Then the following holds.True for almost massless fields as well (i.e. the ultra-light graviton) Pre CCC Regime First KK Mass for a Graviton to the Zeroth Order KK Mode, Giving a Graviton a Tiny Effective Mass Hypothesis.Pre CCC has a 1/r 1 st excited KK state for the graviton with 20 ~10 m r  which then gets shifted to the zeroth order mass in the following formulation.So, let us review the idea of a MASSIVE graviton in terms of KK theory.
the EW epoch would be crucial in the formulation of Equation(25), i.e. hastening the demise of gravitinos (NOT long lived objects) and the invariance of information in keeping fidelity with respect to the cosmological parameters during cosmological evolution.

≈
total mass of all of the gravitons in the present universe.This uses a variant of Mistra's [6] Mach's principle value.today electro weak Super partner Not Super Partner 2 as having a constant ratio value (36)

27 1
value of the radius of the universe, as given by the rigorous application of Mach's principle and Equation (20) 1], as to early universe Hubble parameters