Activities and Uses of Aghien Lagoon (South-East of Côte d'Ivoire)

This study aims to identify human uses and activities in the watershed Aghien lagoon in nine rural communities located downstream, near the lagoon in rural area, and upstream of the lagoon in the urban area. A sample of two thousand two hundred fifty eight (2258) households is selected by the cluster sampling technique to three degrees. To these persons, a survey was administered. An interview guide was submitted to the various economic operators of these areas. The results show that the lagoon is used by localities near the lagoon for the dishes, laundry, bathing and swimming for more than 80% of households. This resource is also used for fishing, transport, irrigation, consumption and defecation but at low levels and as a receptacle for garbage. In the villages bordering the lagoon, the main economic activity is agriculture, unlike trade in upstream urban areas.

the Abidjan city. In such a changing environment (rapid population growth, urbanization and declining rainfall), the search for an alternative source of water supply of the city of Abidjan is required. Therefore, the State of Côte d'Ivoire has identified sources such as: surface water (Lake bakre, Aghien lagoon, the Comoé river) and groundwater table of the Continental Terminal Bonoua (located 60 km from Abidjan) but focused mainly Bonoua groundwater table which feeds a part of the city of Abidjan since March 2015 and the Aghien lagoon object of this study. Aghien lagoon is a part of the lagoon Ebrié system. It is separated from the Ebrié lagoon by Potou lagoon with which it communicates by a natural channel. It is the largest reserve of fresh water near the District of Abidjan. Unlike the groundwater of Bonoua naturally protected. It is located south of the Côte d'Ivoire, in the District of Abidjan, Aghien lagoon is between latitudes 5˚22'N 5˚26'N and longitudes 3˚49'W and 3 55 W and spread over several locations, Abidjan, Bingerville and Anyama [3] [4] [5] [6]. Aghien lagoon has an area of 20 km² for a perimeter of 40.72 km, an estimated volume of 25 km 3 and a maximum depth of 13 m. Its watershed is drained by a river system, which consists of in a one hand by the Beté and Djibi rivers that drain directly in the upstream basin and partly by Mé intercepting its downstream course [3] (Figure 1).
The main body of water inflows in the lagoon is the direct precipitation, the contributions of the two upstream tributaries and inflows of groundwater. The main outputs are Real Evapo Transpiration (RET) and losses via the channel downstream connecting it to the lagoon Potou.
The climate of the study area is equatorial characterized by four seasons with a long dry season from December to March, a big rain season from April to July, a small dry season from August to September and a small season of rain from October to November. The watershed formerly mostly covered by dense evergreen forest and rain, is gradually cleared (traditional crops, cash crops (oil palm, rubber) and undergoes growth of housing on the outskirts of Abidjan (towns of Azaguié, Anyama).
What are the different uses and practices of Aghien lagoon by the neighboring populations? What forms of activities in the lagoon area?

Material and Methods
The population of this study is composed of men, women and young people living in the identified areas. The villages are divided into two (2)  The data collected were processed using the softwares "Sphinx 2 Plus" and "Excel". The mapping process was performed using the software "Arc Gis 9.3".

Results
The processing of survey data will be analyzed.

Water Use of Aghien Lagoon in All Population Activities
The use of the lagoon by location is shown in (Figure 3). However, the upstream sites of Aghien lagoon as Abobo Klouetcha, Abobo Djibi and Ahoue 100% of these households do not use this water for their needs because of the distance between this localities and the lagoon. As for Achokoi, only 15.80% of households use this lagoon. Table 1 presents the practices made using water from Aghien lagoon.

Different Forms of Use of Aghien Lagoon
The data show that people who use this source do it for washing, namely dishes, laundry, bathing and swimming. The data for all surveyed localities and villages that lead directly to the water indicate that 20.18% of the population uses   The lagoon is also used for transportation, fishing, irrigation and defecation in riparian areas. Figure 4 illustrates the different modes of supply of the populations in the Aghien watershed.

Modes of Drinking Water Supply
The data in (Figure 4) show that all localities feed mainly from drilling for their drinking water. However, the village of Adjin Telegraph who received a social housing project has been connected to the drinking water distribution network SODECI (Company of water supply in Côte d'Ivoire

Aghien Lagoon as a Receptacle for Household Waste
The analysis of the collected data was used to develop the distribution of waste rejection close to the lagoon ( Table 2). Households of Akandjé in majority reject their garbage near the lagoon, unlike Adjin Telegraph when only a minority of households is concerned. Table 3 shows the distribution of household residents of different localities which discharge their waste water into Aghien lagoon. The majority percentage is observed at Akandjé unlike Achokoi which records a zero discharge.

Activities of People along the Watershed Aghien
Analysis of the data allows to draw (Table 4) for the activities of the respondents.
The data in (

Discussion
Socio-economic surveys in 9 localities have allowed us to understand the beha- Our results are in agreement with those of [8] who argue that the lagoon is a defecation place for local residents. Villagers whose fields are located near the lagoon do also their need in the water. According to [9] water intended for human consumption must not contain any faecal coliform.
56% of households met directly dump their garbage in the Aghien lagoon in the village of Akandjé. Preparing attiéké (casava) near the lake leads to the rejection of leachate and waste directly into the lagoon. Also, closely located houses of rivers also dump their garbage there.
The wastewater is discharged near Aghien lagoon by illegal pipeline connections, but also by the presence of latrines directly near the river. This finding is noticed in all downstream villages in the immediate vicinity of the Aghien lagoon, with a large percentage Akandjé for 56.60% and 37.40% for Adjin Telegraphe. In contrast, we observe zero% rejection of sewage in Achokoi; this is due to the fact that concessions for households in the village of Achokoi are somewhat distant from the lagoon.
The dominant activity in the villages of Akoyaté, Adjin Telegraphe, Debarcadère, Akandjé and Ahoue is agriculture, as mentioned in the work of [7]. Trade is the main activity in Abobo Djibi and Abobo-Klouetcha because of the effect of urbanization.

Conclusion
The surveys of households in the vicinity and upstream of Aghien lagoon have determined the power operation of drinking water, the uses and activities of Aghien watershed. The supply of drinking water of the population remains the drilling except the village of Adjin Telegraphe and Abobo Klouetcha neighborhood where potable water supply comes from SODECI. In villages near the lagoon, 67.8% to 98.1% of households met use the lagoon for their needs. The lagoon is mainly used for washing dishes, washing clothes, bathing and bath with proportions varying between 57.10% and 77.10%. This resource is also used for fishing, transport, irrigation, consumption and defecation but at low levels and as receptacle refuse and sewage. In the neighboring villages of the lagoon, the main economic activity is agriculture, unlike trade in urban areas upstream.