Design and Analysing the Various Parameters of CMOS Circuit’s under Bi-Triggering Method Using Cadence Tools

Reducing the power and energy required by the device/circuit to operate is the main aim of this paper. Here the new design is implemented to reduce the power consumption of the device using the triggering pulses. The proposed triggering method uses a complementary MOS transistor (pMOS and nMOS) as a voltage divider and ground leakage suppressor (i.e.); these designs are named as Trig01 and Trig10 designs. In Trig01 design the pair of CMOS is placed in the voltage divider part; similarly in Trig10 design the pair of CMOS is placed at the ground leakage suppressor part. Standard CMOS gates like NOT, NAND, NOR, EX-OR etc. are designed with these technologies and these gates are designed with 180 nm technology file in the cadence tool suite; compared to the normal CMOS gates, the Bi-Trig gate contains 4 inputs and 2 outputs. The two extra inputs are used as Bi-Trig control signaling inputs. There are 2 control inputs and thus 22 = 4 combination of controlling is done (i.e.); both pMOS and nMOS are ON, both pMOS and nMOS are OFF, pMOS ON and nMOS OFF and pMOS ON and nMOS ON. Depending on the usage of the circuit, the mode of operation is switched to any one of the combination. If the output of the circuit is not used anywhere in the total block, that specified circuit can be switched into idle mode by means of switched OFF both the pMOS and nMOS transistor in the control unit. This reduces the leakage current and also the power wastage of the circuits in the total block. Bi-Trig controlled circuit reduces the power consumption and leakage power of the circuit without affecting a performance of the circuits.


Introduction
Leakage power occurs due to the error voltage in the transistor during the ideal mode.This leads to increase of the power consumption and also the energy, and to reduction of the power wastage and consumption.The proposed method is used.To obtain the correct result with reduced power consumption the Bi-Trig is used.
In previous method i.e.., Dual Mode logic [1], the operation is determined as dynamic and static function.The performance of the circuit is high only in dynamic mode; it is proved in the paper [1].Thus similarly the paper [2] tells about the low-power dynamic operation method, in which the width of the transistor is tuned, and it reduces the overall power.This gives the result of about 25% of power consumption reduction.
The main drawback of the paper [2] is that the circuit does not have a driving load capacity and thus it is overcome by using the nanometer technology as given in the paper [3].To overcome the drawback of the subthreshold DML [1]- [4], this proposed system is designed with two new methodologies.
Trig01: pMOS and nMOS are connected at the voltage side of the standard CMOS circuit.Trig10: pMOS and nMOS are connected at the ground leakage suppressor side of the standard CMOS circuit.pMOS and nMOS are used as a Bi-Trig Control circuit to drive the entire circuit by means of voltage divider method.In design-1 the control circuit is connected at the voltage divider side of the circuit to control the entire circuit by separating the given supply voltage (VDD).Similarly in the second design methodology the Bi-Trig Control circuit is placed at the ground leakage suppressor side in order to reduce the leakage current through the circuit to ground terminal.

Proposed System
The design developed to reduce the leakage power in CMOS circuit during the active mode of operation.By activating the CMOS transistor there will be a direct connection between the VDD and ground will happen at the 0.7 voltage switching [5].This causes a shot link to ground leakage current will more at the time of switching [6].In order to reduce the leakage current the Bi-Trig method is implemented.There are two design method is implemented in order to rectify the problems.Bi mode is used to reduce the ideal current and full mode operation is used to drive the large capacitance load without using the cascading inverter units.

Trig01
In this schematic methodology the control signal is located at the voltage divider side of the CMOS circuit.By this process the operating voltage which is given to the circuit is divided into two parts by using the nMOS and pMOS transistor.These transistors are connected in with two separate inputs as shown in the Figure 1.Thus the input is given directly to the CMOS circuit and the output is forwarded directly from the circuit.For half mode power output is control by the Bi-Trig control circuit.(i.e.) Either pMOS is ON or nMOS is switched ON. pMOS is switched ON and OFF using the trig pulse as 0 and 1. Similarly the nMOS is switched ON and OFF by using the control signal as 1 and 0. For a full mode operation in order to drive the full mode the control circuitry is switched ON fully mode i.e., pMOS and nMOS both are in closed loop.Thus the full power is given to the CMOS circuit.

Trig10
In this schematic methodology the control circuit is placed at the ground leakage suppressor side of the CMOS circuit.By this technique the error current due to the short circuit between the VDD and GND is reduced by using the nMOS and pMOS transistor.These transistors are connected in with two separate inputs as shown in the Figure 2. Thus the input is given straight to the proposed circuit and the output is drive directly from the circuit.
For half mode power output is control by the Bi-Trig control circuit.(i.e.,) Either pMOS is ON or nMOS is switched ON. pMOS is switched ON and OFF using the trigger pulse as 0 and 1. Similarly the nMOS is switched ON and OFF by the trigger pulse as 1 and 0. For a full power operation to drive the large load the trigger circuitry is switched ON fully mode i.e., pMOS and nMOS both are in closed loop.Thus the full power is given to the CMOS circuit.

Implementation of the Design in Basic CMOS Gates
The testing of a CMOS gates and circuits is done by using the Cadence-Virtuoso tool under the GPDK 180 nm technology and the finger width of the transistor is fixed at 2 µm similarly the finger width is also 2 µm ranges.

NOT Gate
Trig01 is implemented in the NOT gate transistor level model.This circuit diagram explains how the design is implemented in the standard CMOS gate.By using the trigger pulse to pMOS and nMOS the operation is verified.The output is drive directly from the transistors.Operating voltage is given to the circuit is divided into a two parts by nMOS and pMOS transistor and given to the drive unit.
So that depending on the BTC signal the operating power is changed, when pMOS is triggered ON and due to the pull up logic the maximum voltage is applied to the circuit and it is operates in the maximum power mode.Implementation of TRIG 01 and TRIG10 in NOT gate as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 it contains the two different designs which is based on the BTC unit, voltage divide and the leakage current suppressor.
Design 2: similar to the design 1 technology the BTC is placed in the ground leakage suppressor side of the circuit.This is used to block the short circuit between the operating voltage and GND, thus it reduce the leakage current of the circuit.Four type of triggering is done by pMOS alone ON, nMOS alone ON, both pMOS and nMOS ON or both OFF.For a full power operation to switch the large load the control circuitry is switched ON fully mode i.e., pMOS and nMOS both are in closed circuit.Thus the full power is given to the CMOS circuit.

EX-OR Gate
Trig01 is implemented in the EX-OR gate transistor level model.
As shown in the Figure 5 and Figure 6 the EX-OR gate is controlled by the Bi-Trig control circuit at the voltage divider side of the circuit.The triggering voltage given to the circuit is control by the trigger signal given to the CMOS gate.Similarly these designs are implemented in all gates and also in different CMOS circuits and the power is calculated using the Cadence tool.The average power is measured by using the tranpow in the browser window similarly the total power consumption is done by using the cadence-average (get data).By this the overall power is tabulated and checked.

Power Outputs of CMOS Gates
The CMOS gates are designed using the BTC method and the power is calculated using the cadence-virtuoso tools calculator unit.The average power consumed by the gates under BTC is tabulated and shown in the Table 1.The power consumption will be in the range of micro wattage, BTC reduces the power wastage and also the error or noise current flow in the circuit.

Implementation of the Design in CMOS Circuits Gates
To implementing the BTC circuits the CMOS gates which is designed earlier is used with the same Trig01 and Trig10 technique.Thus the power consumption of the circuit is determined by using the group of gates work with the predefined techniques.Designing a BTC circuit the basic gates which is designed with the BTC unit is used to analyze the performance (i.e.,) power consumption of the BTC based CMOS circuit.

Full Adder Design Using BTC
Full adder contain a 3 in pins (ex: a, b, cin) and 2 out pins (ex:sum, carry).By using the BTC other two inputs are used (ex: pin, nin) as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.Here the full adder is designed with the two EX-OR gates and three AND gate and also with two numbers of the OR gate which is designed in BTC technique.The full adder designed in the papers [7]- [13] are depend only on the sizing of the transistor, reducing the finger width of the transistor due to this the circuit consume less power, even the power reduction is done due to the low width the circuit is not used in the complex design.To avoid these drawbacks the BTC is used in the two type of methodology as shown Figure 7 and Figure 8.In the paper [14] [15] the transistor operated in near threshold region thus it causes an error in the output signal to drive the next or large load.

Carry Look Ahead Adder Design Using BTC
Here the CLAA is designed using the BTC design 2 gates as shown in the Figure 9.The BTC of all the gates are combined in a single lined and input is switched as same.Depending on the switching the operating power is changed.Trig01 and Trig10 of this circuit is used to reduce the power consumption during ideal and operation mode.
1) Ripple Carry Adder design using BTC RCA is designed with Full adder which is designed earlier using the Trig01 and Trig10 gates, here the cells are designed by using the BTC gates and implemented with either design 1 or design 2 logic as shown in Figure 10.This is a 4 bit RCA unit developed using the Trig01 method.Instead of having an eight number of input It Contain the ten numbers of inputs including the BTC pins.As shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 gives the detail pin of RCA.

Parameters Comparison
In the proposed system the CMOS circuit are designed and the some parameters are analyzed it is shown in the tables.Table 2 provides the power analysis, Table 3 provides the energy consumption of the circuits, Table 4 provides the delay analysis.

Conclusion
Thus the CMOS gates are designed using the design-1 and design-2 approach under Sub-Clocking method.These gates are used as building blocks for the development of the Sub-Clock CMOS circuits in order to reduce Table 2. Power analysis of CMOS gates and various CMOS circuits.This comparison Table 1 gives a detail about the power consumed by the device in previous method and the proposed method.As a result nearly 50% power consumption is reduced then existing one.Table 4. Delay analysis of CMOS gates and various CMOS circuits.This comparison Table 3 gives a detail about the maximum delay by the device in previous method and the proposed method.As a result delays are same as in the previous method even transistor are added in additional.the power consumption and also the leakage current.The power consumed by the sub-clock circuit is only about 46% when compared to the ideal circuit [1]- [7].Similarly the energy consumed by the circuit is also reduced up to 40% compared to the existing/ideal circuits.This method does not affect the performance of the circuit; delay of the circuit is similar to that of the ideal CMOS circuit and produces about 95% of efficiency.This can be implemented in any kind of logic in digital circuit.These designs can be extended to dual sleep technique and also in dual stack technique in order to utilize the whole circuit performance.Sub-clocking is the technique which is more efficient than that of the Dual Mode Logic [9] and an ideal circuit without sub-clock method.Depending on the technology (180 nm, 90 nm, 45 nm) and period of operation, the energy consumption can be varied and also the power consumption is reduced up to 54% [11].To get the proper operating point, the width of the transistor is varied using the Cadence Virtuoso tool.

Table 1 .
Power analysis of CMOS gates under Bi-Triggering method. S.

Table 3 .
Energy analysis of CMOS gates and various CMOS circuits.This comparison Table2gives a detail about the energy consumed by the device in previous method and the proposed method.As a result nearly 48% energy consumption is reduced then existing one.