A New Approach of Solving Single Objective Unbalanced Assignment Problem

In this paper, we discuss a new approach for solving an unbalanced assignment problem. A Lexisearch algorithm is used to assign all the jobs to machines optimally. The results of new approach are compared with existing approaches, and this approach outperforms other methods. Finally, numerical example (Table 1) has been given to show the efficiency of the proposed methodology.


Introduction
Consider a problem which consists of a set of "n" machines { } , , , , m J J J J J =  which are to be considered assign for execution on "n" available machines.The execution cost of each job on all the machines are known and mentioned in the matrix, namely assigned cost matrix (ACM) of order, where m n > .The unbalanced assignment problem is a special type of linear programming problem in which our objective is to assign number of salesmen to number of areas at a minimum cost (time).The mathematical formulation of the problem suggests that this is a 0 -1 programming problem.It is highly degenerate all the algorithms developed to find optimal solution of transportation problem, applicable to unbalanced assignment problem.However, due to its highly degeneracy nature a specially designed algorithm, widely known as Hungarian method proposed by Kuhn [1], is used for its solution, and Kadhirvel and Balamurugan [2] solved the unbalanced assignment problems using triangular fuzzy Numbers.Different methods have been presented for Assignment Problem and various articles have been published on the subject [3]- [7].
The objectives are to determine the optimal assignment cost, in such a way that all the jobs are to be allotted on the available machines in an optimum way.The mathematical formulation of the assignment problem [8] [9] is as follows.

Model Construction of Simple Assignment Problem
Minimize (Maximize): where 1, if the job is assigned to the machine.0, if the job is not assigned to the machine.
  Problem definition: Also, if the numbers of jobs are not equal to number of machines, then it is known as an unbalanced assignment problem.Now consider the assumptions of choosing an unbalanced assignment problem as: • The completion of a program from computational point of view means that the all jobs are assigned to various machines and final optimal assignment cost has been obtained.
• The number of jobs are more than number of machines.The variants of assignment problem are considered by various researchers like Kagade & Bajaj [10] and Avanish Kumar [11].From the work of these authors, they found that the approach of clubbing the costs of the jobs was implemented for multi objective problems and single objective problems, where as this paper considers the clubbing of jobs for an assignment problem by the exact solution problem with Lexi-search approach [12] [13].

Methodology
To determine the assignment cost as well as combination of job (s) Vs machine (s) of an unbalanced assignment problem for a set of "n" machines , , , , m J J J J J =  which are to be considered as assigned for execution on "n" available machines with an execution cost ij C , where  and deleting rows (jobs) correspo-nding to the remaining (m-n) jobs.Store results in the new array that will be the array for the first sub problem (Table 2).Repeating this process until the remaining jobs become less than "n" machines, when remaining jobs are less than n then deleting (n-m) columns (machines) on the basis of Sum Column − .That is, corresponding to value (s) most maximum to next maximum to form the last sub problem (Table 3).Store the results in the new array that shall be the array for the last sub problem.which are now balanced assignment problems, in this way for the defined assignment problem.Now we apply the Lexi-search approach to obtain the exact optimum solution of each sub problem (Tables 4-7).Finally, add the total assignment cost of each sub problem to obtain the optimal assignment cost along with assignment sets.And also we check the assignment cost for jobs clubbing problem (Table 8) through Lexi-search approach (Tables 9-11), getting the same value.To solve this problem we follow the following algorithm.

Algorithm
Step-1: Consider "m" jobs on "n" machines costs given as a matrix (ACM), which is an unbalanced assignment problem where m n > . Step-2: Step-2.1: Obtain the sum of each row and column of the ACM and the store the results in the arrays namely Sum Row Step-2.2.1:If there is no remaining jobs, i.e., (m-n = 0), then go to step-3.
Step-2.2.2:If the remaining (m-n) jobs are still more than n, then repeat step-2.2for the remaining jobs to form next sub-problem (s), else, step-2.3.
Step-2.3:If remaining jobs are less than n then deleting (n-m) columns (machines) on the basis of Sum Column − .That is corresponding to value (s) most maximum to next maximum to form the last sub problem.Store the results in the new array that shall be the array for the last sub problem.
Step-3: If the total effectiveness of ACM is to be maximized, change the sign of each cost element in the effectiveness matrix and go to step-4, otherwise go directly to step-5 if ACM has the total value as minimum.
Step-4: Arrange all the jobs 1 2 3 , , , , n J J J J  according to their cost (i.e.available jobs).This arrangement consists of n columns and m rows.Each column represents a machine, and the elements in that column are the costs arranged in increasing order according to their jobs.
Step-5: Include the job from the first machine in the partial solution value (psv) "w".If the cost itself is greater than or equal to trial value (TRV) then stop.Otherwise go to next step.
Step-7: If the sum of bound and psv is greater than or equal to TRV then drop the job added in step 5, and go to step 5. Otherwise go to next step, i.e. go to Sub block (GS).
Step-8: Include the next available job (from the last job included in the partial solution "w") into the partial solution.Step-9: If partial solution value is greater than or equal to the TRV then drop the job added in step-8, and go to step-7.Otherwise go to step-10.
Step-10: If the sum of bound and psv is greater than or equal to TRV then drop the newly added job in step-8, and go to step -7.otherwise go to step 11.
Step-11: If the partial solution contains n − 1 jobs add the dummy job to the partial solution if it is greater than or equal to TRV then drop the dummy job and last two jobs from the partial solution.That is Jump out to the next higher order blocks (JO).If "w" contains only one job, go to step-5, otherwise go to step-8.Otherwise go to the next step.
Step-12: Now calculate the bound.
Step-13: If the sum of bound and psv is greater than or equal to TRV then drop the dummy job and also last job from "w", and go to step-8.Otherwise go to step-14.Step-14: Include the latest possible job from the dummy job in"w" Step-15: If psv is greater than or equal to TRV then drop the last dummy job and also the job from which the th i dummy job was assigned, and go to step-8.Otherwise go to next step.
Step-16: Now calculate the bound.
Step-17: If sum of bound and psv is greater than or equal to TRV then drop the recently added job in "w" and go to step-14.Otherwise go to next step.
Step-18: Include the latest available job from the last job in "w" Step-19: Now calculate the bound.
Step-20: If the sum of bound and psv is greater than or equal to TRV then drop the latest job, and go to step-18.Otherwise go to next step.
Step-21: If the number of elements in "w" is less than "n" go to step-18.Otherwise go to next step.
Step-22: Replace TRV by partial solution value and trial solution by w.Now go to step-18.

Illustration
A company is faced with the problem of assigning five different machines to eight different jobs (Table 1).The . The Hungarian method gives us total assignment cost as 890 along with the other one job assigned to dummy machine, in other words the job that is assigned to dummy machine under the Hungarian method was ignored for further processing.While, the original problem was divided into two sub problems, which are balanced assignment problem in nature.Now for the two sub problems with the use of Lexi-search approach, the total cost 870 is recorded for the sub problem-I along with none of the jobs assigned to dummy machine, and the total cost 680 was recorded for the second sub problem-II along with none of the jobs assigned to dummy machine.Now the total cost of the assigned cost matrix (ACM) is 870 + 670 = 1550.

Conclusion
The above illustration was taken by the defined algorithm and implemented on several sizes of the problems to test the effectiveness of the algorithm.This approach was implemented on different sizes of unbalanced assignment problems.From the above, we notice that the standard Hungarian method uses the dummy assignment which may not be possible in some applications, whereas this new approach never assigns the dummy machine in getting the optimum value.The time complexity with the Lexi-search method is verified and found that they are the same in getting optimum.Here, the optimum value of the original unbalanced assignment problems va-ries from that of balanced assignment problems either in Hungarian method or Lexi-search approach.The only advantage is that the Lexi-search method gives an exact optimum value with the same time complexity.Therefore the present paper suggests a new approach of clubbing the jobs for solving the unbalanced assignment problem with Lexi-search methodology.
the ACM of order, where m > n.First of all, we obtain the sum of each row and each column of the ACM store and the results should be arranged in the array, namely, Sum Row − and Sum Column − .Then we select the first m rows (jobs) on the basis of Sum Row − that is, starting with the most minimum to next minimum to the array Sum Row

2 :
Select the first m rows (jobs) on the basis of Sum Row − .That is, starting with the most minimum to next minimum to the array Sum Row − and deleting rows (jobs) corresponding to the remaining (m-n) jobs.Store the results in the new array that shall be the array for the first sub problem.

Table 2 .
First sub-problem

Table 3 .
Second sub problem

Table 7 .
Search table

Table 8 .
Jobs clubbing modified problem is

Table 10 .
Search table

Table 11 .
Search table