New Square-Pyramidal Oxovanadium ( IV ) Complexes Derived from Polydentate Ligand ( L 1 )

New series of oxovanadium (IV) complexes isolated from 2,4,6-tris-(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (L1) are incorporated and portrayed using spectroscopic (IR, UV-Vis, ESR, mass spectrometric), magnetic moment, thermal and cyclic voltammetry measurements. The results demonstrate that L1 acts in various styles of chelation with [V3O3(L1)(SO4)3(EtOH)1/2(H2O)3/2] 1), [VO(L1)(2,4-pentadionate)]·Cl·4HCl 2), [V2O2(L1)(SO4)2(EtOH)5/2] 3), [V2O2(L1)(SO4)2(EtOH)3/2(H2O)1/2] 4), [VO(L1)SO4 (H2O)3/2]·2.5H2O 5) and [V2O2(L1)(SO4)2(H2O)]·H2O 6). The values of magnetic moments and spectral studies suggest a square-pyramidal geometry around the V (IV) ion for all complexes. The molar conductance values suggest that the complexes are non-electrolyte, except the [VO(L1) (2,4pentadionate)] Cl·4HCl. Molecular modeling calculates the bond length, bond angle, chemical reactivity, energy components (Kcal/mol) and binding energy (Kcal/mol) for the isolated complexes. The in vitro antibacterial studies of these complexes screened against pathogenic bacteria prove them as growth inhibiting agents. Antitumor activity is carried out in vitro on human mammary gland (breast) MCF-7 and cervical cancer cell-HeLa has shown that [VO(L1)SO4(H2O)3/2]·2.5 H2O and [VO(L1)(2,4-pentadionate)] Cl·4HCl complexes display the highest powerful activity between all of the investigated complexes.


In Vitro Anticancer Activity
The antitumor assays were performed utilizing the accompanying two cell lines: MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) and Epitheliod carcinoma cervix cancer (Hela).The cell line of MCF-7 was acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD).The cells were developed onRPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% inactivated fetal calf serum and 50 mg/ml gentamycin.The cells were kept up at 37˚C in humidified atmosphere with 5% CO 2 and were sub-refined a few times each week.
The antitumor activity was assessed on carcinoma cell lines at the Regional center for Mycology and Biotechnology at Al-Azhar University, Egypt.Quickly, the cell lines were developed as monolayers in growth medium supplemented with 10% inactivated fetal calf serum and 50 mg/ml gentamycin.The monolayers of 10.000 cells followed at the bottom of the wells in a 96-well microtiter plate (Falcon.NJ.USA) brooded for 24 h at 37˚C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO 2 .The monolayers were then washed with sterile phosphate buffered saline (0.01 M pH 7.2) and at the same time the cells were treated with 100 mL from various dilutions of tested compound in fresh maintenance medium and brooded at 37˚C.A control of untreated cells was made without the tried compound.Three wells were utilized for every concentration of the test sample.The observation under the inverted microscope was made each 24 h.The staining so as to survive quantity cells was controlled the cells with precious stone violet took after by cell lysing utilizing 33% glacial acetic acid and read the absorbance at 590 nm utilizing ELISA reader after well mixing.The absorbance values from untreated cells were considered as 100% expansion and the rate of feasibility was ascertained as [1-(ODt/ODc)] × 100% where ODt is the mean optical density of wells treated with the tried compounds and ODc is the mean optical density of untreated cells [16]- [18].
The cell line of Epitheliod carcinoma cervix cancer (Hela) was gotten from ATCC via Holding company for biological products and vaccines (VACSERA), Cairo, Egypt.5-fluorouracil was utilized as a standard anticancer drug for comparison.The cell line was utilized to focus the inhibitory impacts of compounds on cell development utilizing the MTT assay.The colorimetric assay is basically depending on the transformation of the yellow tetrazolium bromide (MTT) to a purple form azan derivative by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in various cells.Hela cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum.Antibiotics added were 100 units/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin at 37˚C in a 5% CO 2 incubator.The cell line was seeds in a 96-well plate at a density of 1.0 × 10 4 cells/well at 37˚C for 48 h under 5% CO 2 .After brooding the cells were tested with different concentration of compounds and incubated for 24 h.After 24 h of drug treatment, 20 µl of MTT solution at 5 mg/ml was added and incubated for 4 h.DMSO in volume of 100 µL is added into each well to dissolve the purple formazan formed.The colorimetric assay is measured and recorded at absorbance of 570 nm utilizing a plate reader (EXL 800).The relative cell viability in percentage was computed as (A570 of treated samples/A570 of untreated sample) X 100 [16] [19]- [20].

Antibacterial Activities
The in vitro assessment of antibacterial activity was researched against three bacterial strains, Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial and Candida Albicans.The bacterial species were developed in nutrient broth at 37˚C for 24 hrs [21].
Chemical compounds were individually tried against a panel of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and Candida albicans.Every of the compounds was dissolved in DMSO and solution of the concentration 1 mg/ml were prepared separately paper discs of whatman filter paper were prepared with standard size (5 cm) were cut and sterilized in an autoclave.The paper discs soaked in the desired concentration of the complex solution were places aseptically in the Petri dishes containing nutrient agar media (peptone 5 g + agar 20 g + beef extract 3 g) seeded with Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Candida albicans.The Petri dishes were incubated at 36˚C and the inhibition zones were recorded after 24 hrs of incubation.Every treatment was replicated three times.The antibacterial activity of a common standard Antifungal Colitrimazole and antibiotic ampicillin was also recorded utilizing the same procedure as above at the same solvents and concentration.

Solution Studies
Stock solutions (1 × 10 −2 M) of L 1 and VOSO 4 •3H 2 O were prepared by dissolving the calculated accurate weights of L 1 and VOSO 4 •3H 2 O in absolute EtOH and dist.H 2 O, respectively then completed to the mark (50 ml).In continuous variation (CV) study, a series of 10 ml solutions was prepared by mixing solutions of V 4+ and L 1 solutions in different ratios keeping the total molar concentration constant as 6 × 10 −3 M and the absorbance at 604 nm was recorded.For molar ratio method (MR), series of 10 ml solutions was prepared in which the V 4+ ion concentration was kept constant at 2.5 × 10 −3 M while that of L 1 was regularly varied.The absorption spectra were recorded and the absorbance at 604 nm.

Physical Properties and Elemental Analyses
L 1 coordinates to the V 4+ ions in different styles like mononuclear (1:1), binuclear (2:1) and tri-nuclear (3:1) (M:L) in bidentate and tridentate manner.The metal complexes are non-hygroscopic (stable at room temperature) and are in the form of amorphous solids, except [VO(L  [22].

Infrared Spectra
The comparative IR spectra of the ligand and oxovanadium (IV) complexes indicate about the binding behavior of the ligand with metal ion.So, in comparing the IR of the L 1 (Figure S1) with its complexes (Figure S2-S6), we find that the IR spectrum of the [V 3 O 3 (L 1 )(SO 4 ) 3 (EtOH) 1/2 (H 2 O) 3/2 ](Figure 1) shows four bands at 1550, 1575, 1601 and 1651 cm −1 which are shifted to lower wave numbers and are attributed to the coordinated ѵ(C=N + C=C) [23] [24], which indicate that L 1 coordinates as bidentate via all the active group in pyridine and triazine rings with three vanadium atoms.The square pyramidal geometry around V 4+ is completed by water, EtOH and sulphate which have characteristics bands appeared in the spectrum.The spectrum also shows broad bands in the 3222 -3447 cm −1 region together with a band at 1604 cm −1 region assigned to ѵ(OH) and ∂(OH) vibrations of H 2 O molecule, respectively.Existence of strong band at 976 cm −1 is strong evidence for the coordination of vanadium ion with L 1 as it is characterized for V=O vibration in VO 2+ [25].In addition, new bands are observed at 424 and 452 cm −1 which are assigned to V-N bonds of pyridine and triazine, respectively, and at 515 and 592 cm −1 which are assigned to V-O bond [26].Also, new bands at 424, 625, 978, 1033 cm −1 are assigned to coordinated SO − in a unidentate- manner as a result, the complex is nonelectrolyte.
The IR spectrum of the [VO(L 1 )(2,4-pentadionate)] Cl•4HCl (Figure S2) estimates bands, which are shifted to lower wave numbers and are observed at 1634 and 1576 cm −1 and are referred to the bands of the coordinated ѵ(C=N +C=C) for triazine and pyridine, respectively indicating the involvement of C=N in coordination to the metal ion [23] [24] as well as new bands at 424 and 442 cm −1 which are assigned to V-N bonds of pyridine and triazine, respectively, and a band at 550 cm −1 which is assigned to V-O vibration [26].
IR spectrum of [V 2 O 2 (L 1 )(SO 4 ) 2 (EtOH) 5/2 ] (Figure S3) shows bands at 1603, 1575, 1562 and 1542 cm −1 are referred to the bands of the coordinated ѵ(C=N + C=C) [23] [24], in addition, a broad band in the 3403 -3445 cm −1 region together with a band at 1603 cm −1 region assigns to ѵ(OH) and ∂(OH) vibrations of coordinated EtOH molecules, respectively and coincides with the results of the thermal analyses which suggest that EtOH molecules reside inside the coordination sphere.Moreover, the band in the 3031 -3078 cm −1 region is assigned to the aromatic ѵ(C-H) vibration of L 1 in the complex.The bands observed in the 1478 -1262 cm −1 region are assigned to (C-N+C-C) while the band at 767 cm −1 is assigned to the aromatic C-H deformation vibration.A vanadyl complex shows a band at 978 cm −1 which may be attributed to the ѵ(V=O) vibration of VO 2+ [25] S4) shows bands at 1653 and 1588 cm −1 arecharacterized to coordinated ѵ(C=N+C=C) [23] [24].Presence of H 2 O and EtOH is proved by existence ofa broad band in the 3305 -3449 cm −1 region together with a band at 1610 cm −1 region assigned to ѵ(OH) and ∂(OH) vibrations of H 2 O molecule, respectively.Peaks revealing the presence of L 1 in the complex centered at 3042 cm −1 (aromatic C-H stretching vibration).New bands are observed at 427 (V-N)py, 453 (V-N)triaz, 514 (V-O) cm −1 [26].Additionally, thevanadyl complex shows a strong band at 984 cm −1 which may be attributed to the ѵ(V=O)vibration of VO 2+ [25].Also, the bands at 427, 653, 978, 1033 cm −1 are assigned to coordinated  S5) shows bands at 1642 and 1548 cm −1 are referred to the bands of the coordinated ѵ(C=N+C=C) and the uncoordinated (C=N+C=C) band, respectively [23] [24].Appearance of a broad band in the 3387 cm −1 region together with a band at 1621 cm −1 region assigned to ѵ(OH) and ∂(OH) vibrations of H 2 O molecule, respectively, which suggest existence of H 2 O molecules inside and outside the coordination sphere.The H 2 O molecules inside the sphere is bonded with nitrogen atom by hydrogen bond so it proves the high shift of the band at 3387 cm −1 and the remain molecules are solvation outside the sphere.The results of thermal analyses confirmed this observation.New bands are observed at 434 and 486 cm −1 assigned to V-N bonds of pyridine and triazine, respectively.The band at 528 cm −1 assigned to V-O vibration [26].The oxovanadium complex shows a strong band at 971 cm −1 attributed to the high π-band order of vanadium to oxygen link of VO 2+ [25].The bands are observed at 434, 613, 971, 1032 cm −1 are assigned to the coordinated SO − group bonded inunidentatemanner.The conductivity measurements supported this observation where the complex is nonelectrolyte.
The S6) shows two bands at 1642 and 1548 cm −1 assigned to the coordinated (C=N+C=C) [23] [24].Also, it shows a broad band at 3384 cm −1 together with a band at 1619 cm −1 assigned to ѵ(OH) and ∂(OH) vibrations of H 2 O molecule, respectively which present inside and outside the coordination sphere.Moreover, the band at 3071 cm −1 is assigned to the aromatic ѵ(C-H) vibrations of L 1 .The bands observed in the 1489 -1216 cm −1 region are assigned to (C-N+C-C) while the band at 777 cm −1 region is attributed to the aromatic C-H deformation vibrations.New bands are observed at 441 and 485 cm −1 which, are assigned to V-N bonds of pyridine and triazine, respectively, and at 606 cm −1 which, is assigned to V-O bond [26].Appearance of strong band at 976 cm −1 is characterized for V=O vibration in VO 2+ [25].New bands appear at 441, 606, 971, 1033 cm −1 are assigned to coordinated SO − group bonded as unidentate ligand and it matches with the conductivity measurement as the complex is nonelectrolyte.

Mass Spectra
Mass spectra of the complexes have molecular ion peaks that are in agreement with their formulae.As we observed in all the complexes, there are two pathways.Depending on the thermodynamic basics, the pathway must be till the thermodynamically butadiene radical [27].
The mass spectrum of [ shows a fragmentation pattern corresponding to the successive degradation of the complex, shows the molecular ion peak [m/z] at 852.3 with abundance 1.47% and coincides with the theoretical value (851.4) as shown in Figure 2.This suggests that the proposed structure for the complex is correct and has the chemical formula; C 19 H 18 N 6 S 3 O 17 V 3 .The fragmentation pattern of the V 4+ complex (1:3) is shown in Scheme 1.The mass spectrum of [VO(L 1 )(2,4-pentadionate)] Cl•4HCl, shows the molecular ion peak [m/z] at 659.2 with abundance 1.16% and coincides with the theoretical value (659.7) as shown in (Figure S7).The fragmentation pattern of the complex is shown in (Figure S8).This suggests that the proposed structure for the complex is correct and has the chemical formula, C 23 H 22 N 6 O 3 Cl 5 V.The mass spectrum of [V 2 O 2 (L 1 )(SO 4 ) 2 (EtOH) 5/2 ], shows the molecular ion peak [m/z] at 753.6 with abundance 8.6% and coincides with the theoretical value (753.501) as shown in (Figure S9).The fragmentation pattern of the complex is shown in (Figure S10).This suggests that the proposed structure for the complex is correct and has the chemical formula, shows the molecular ion peak [m/z] at 714 with abundance 7.9% and coincides with the theoretical value (716.44) as shown in (Figure S11).The fragmentation pattern of the complex is shown in (Figure S12).This suggests that the proposed structure for the complex is correct and has the chemical formula, C 21 H 22 N 6 O 12 S 2 V 2 .The mass spectrum of the V 4+ complex (1:1), [VO(L 1 )SO 4 (H 2 O) 3/2 ]•2.5H 2 O, at 120˚C shows the molecular ion peak [m/z] at 547.6 and coincides with the theoretical value (547.39) as shown in (Figure S13).This suggests that the proposed structure for the complex is correct and has the chemical formula; C 18 H 20 N 6 SO 9 V.The fragmentation pattern of the V 4+ complex (1:1) is shown in (Figure S14).The mass spectrum of the shows the molecular ion peak [m/z] at 672.35 and coincides with the theoretical value (674.36) as shown in (Figure S15).The fragmentation pattern of the V 4+ complex (1:2) is shown in (Figure S16).This suggests that the proposed structure for the complex is correct and has the chemical formula, C 18 H 16 N 6 S 2 O 12 V 2 .Also, the results of elemental analyses and thermal analyses are taken as evidences for the proposed structures.

Thermal Analysis
The steps of decomposition, temperature extent and decomposition products and also the weight loss percentages of V 4+ complexes are reported in Table 1. Figure 3  EtOH molecule and N 2 fragment (Found: 9.2%; Calcd.: 9.3%).The second step lies in the range 263˚C -329˚C corresponds to the loss of NO 2 and 2H 2 fragment (Found: 5.9%; Calcd.: 6.0%).The third step corresponds to

Electron Spin Resonance
The ESR spectra of the researched complexes show just an intense and broad signal without hyperfine splitting.The nonappearance of vanadium hyperfine coupling is regular in solid state [28] and is credited to the simultaneous flipping of neighbouring electron spins [29] 4 and (Figure S21-S22), respectively,.The shape of the spectra is predictable with square-pyramidal environment around V(IV) ion and the lower g value for the investigated complexes, when contrasted with that of free electron

Stoichiometry of the Metal Complexes
The stoichiometry of V 4+ -L 1 complex was resolved utilizing continuous variation (CV) and molar ratio methods (MR).In continuous variation method the absorbance of the prepared solutions of V 4+ and L 1 with total molar concentration constant 6 × 10 −3 M and at 604 nm were recorded.The plot of absorbance as a function of the mole fraction of L 1 estimated that the complex has a maximum absorbance at 0.5 mol fraction providing evidence for 1:1 (M:L) complex (Figure 5).In molar ratio method, the absorbance of prepared solutions with constant metal ion concentration was recorded at 604 nm and plotted versus the molar ratio [L]/[M] (Figure 6).The curve consists of two linear portions crossing at 1:1 M:L species.The stability constant of the formed complex was computed from only one method (CV) by evaluating the degree of complex formation was determined by applying the accompanying formula [31] [32]: ( ) where A, A m , n and C are the absorbance of the partially formed complex, the fully formed complex, stoichiometry ratio and concentration of metal utilized, respectively.The K f , Log β and ∆G˚ values obtained from the continuous variation method are 1492.11,−3.17 and −18105.96,respectively.

Electronic and Magnetic Measurements
The electronic spectra of the complexes were recorded in Nujol mull and DMSO.The electronic spectrum of [VO(L ) → 2 A 1 transitions, respectively [33].The data of IR spectra gathering with electronic spectra suggest a square-pyramidal geometry around the V 4+ ion [34].But, the value of the magnetic moment of the complex is 2.7 B.M which is higher than the proposed for d 1 -system; recommending an orbital contribution [35].
The electronic spectrum of [V 2 O 2 (L   ) → 2 A 1 transitions, respectively [33], in a square-pyramidal geometry around the V 4+ ion [34].Also, the bands at 34,965, 31,847 and 25,641 cm −1 are attributed to charge-transfer of the type L → M.Moreover, the value of the corrected magnetic moment (µ eff = 2.8 BM) is evaluated per each V 4+ ion [36].The electronic spectrum of [V 3 O 3 (L 1 )(SO 4 ) 3 (EtOH) 1/2 (H 2 O) 3/2 ] Figure S24) reveals five bands at 35,971, 33,333, 24,509, 17,361 and 12,987 cm −1 .The first two bands are attributed to charge-transfer of the type L → M while the last three bands are assigned to d-d transitions of a square-pyramidal geometry around the V 4+ ion [33].The trinuclear complex shows subnormal magnetic susceptibility value (µ eff = 2.8 B.M) at room temperature.It might be ascribed to that the unpaired electron in the d xy orbital of the adjacent vanadium atoms, so this interaction prompts subnormal magnetic moment at room temperature [37] .The electronic spectrum of [VO(L 1 )(2,4-pentadionate)] Cl•4HCl complex (Figure S25) reveals two bands at 32,258, 29,240 cm −1 are characterized for charge-transfer of the type L → M. Also, three bands at 12,594, 14,535 and 20,747 cm −1 are for 2 2 ) → 2 A 1 transitions respectively, in a square-pyramidal geometry around the V 4+ ion [33].The electronic spectrum of [V 2 O 2 (L 1 )(SO 4 ) 2 (EtOH) 5/2 ] complex (Figure S26) shows five bands.The bands at 36,232 and 33,557 cm −1 are attributed to charge-transfer of the type L → M, in addition tothe bands at 12,500, 16,891 and 27,624 cm −1 are assigned to d-d transition 2 2 ) → 2 A 1 transitions respectively, in a square-pyramidal geometry around the V 4+ ion [33].Moreover, the value of the corrected magnetic moment (µ eff = 3.01 BM) per each V 4+ ion is taken an evidence for existence of two vanadium atoms [36].

Computational Studies
We performed cluster calculations utilizing DMOL 3 program [38] in Materials Studio package [39], which is intended for the realization of vast scale density functional theory (DFT) calculations.DFT semi-core pseudopods (dspp) calculations were performed with the twofold numerical basis in addition to plus polarization functional (DNP).The DNP basis sets are of comparable quality to 6-31G Gaussian basis sets [40].The molecular structure alongside atom numbering of the ligand metal complexes is appeared in Figure 8 and (Figure S27-S32).Analysis of the data (Tables S1-S12) involving the bond lengths and bond angles proposes the accompanying remarks.
Vanadium complexes have a square-pyramidal structure.All the active groups participating in coordination where have bonds longer than that as of now exist in the ligand (like C=N) because of M-N bond formation which makes the C-N and C=N bond weaker likewise, The bond angles in the complexes are very close to a square-pyramidal geometry.In the event of 1) [V 3 O 3 (L 1 )(SO 4 ) 3 (EtOH) 1/2 (H 2 O) 3/2 ] complex (Figure 8), L 1 acts as a bidentate style coordinating via N(8)triaz, N(10)triaz, N(12)triaz, N(12)py, N(19)py, N(24)triaz atoms.The SO 4 groups, EtOH and H 2 O molecules finish the square-pyramidal structure around the three vanadium atoms.There is an expansive variety in C( 11 2), which are decreased or increased on complex formation as a result of bonding.

Global Reactivity Descriptors
The determination of energies of the HOMO (π-donor) and LUMO (π-acceptor) are essential parameters in quantum chemical computations.The HOMO is the orbital that fundamentally goes about as an electron donor and the LUMO is the orbital that largely to a great extent go about as the electron acceptor.These molecular orbitals are additionally called the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs).
i) The E HOMO and E LUMO and their neighboring orbitals are all negative (Table 3), which appear that the investigated molecules are steady [41].ii) The FMOs theory predicts positions of coordination (electrophilic attack) on aromatic compounds.An introductory assumption is that the reaction happens with most extreme overlap between the HOMO on one molecule and the LUMO on the other.The overlap between the HOMO and the LUMO is a governing factor in many reactions.The aim of the calculations is the scanning for the biggest estimations of molecular orbital coefficients.In this way, orbitals of L 1 with the biggest estimation of molecular orbital coefficients may be considered as the locales of coordination.This conclusion is affirmed by the data acquired from the calculations which can demonstrate that the nitrogen of the CN group has the largest values of molecular orbital coefficients.
iii) Gutmann's variation rules, "the bond strength increases as the adjacent bonds become weaker" such as found by Linert et al. [42].This elucidation concurs well with the resultant as the increment of the E HOMO is joined by a shortcoming (lengthening) of the metal-ligand bonds, which prompts a reinforcing (shortness) of the destinations nearby the metal ligand centers.
iv) The HOMO level is for the most part confined on the Natom (Figure 8 and Figure S27-S31) indicating that this atom is the favored nucleophile positions at the central metal ion.This implies that these moieties, with high coefficients of HOMO density, are oriented toward the metal ions.
v) The energy gap (E HOMO -E LUMO ) is a critical stability index serves to investigate the chemical reactivity and kinetic stability of the molecule [43].The gap (E HOMO -E LUMO ) is applied to improve a theoretical model for clarifying the structure and conformation barriers in many molecular systems, which impacts the biological activity of the molecule.A molecule with a little gap is more polarized and is called soft molecule.Soft molecules are more reactive than hard ones due to their easily offer electrons to an acceptor.The energy gap is little in L 1 estimating that charge-transfer easily happen in it, which impacts the biological activity of the molecule.Low value of energy gap is additionally referred to the groups that go into conjugation [44].vi) The lower HOMO energy estimations demonstrate that molecules donating electron ability is the weaker.On opposite, the higher HOMO energy suggests that the molecule is a good electron donor.LUMO energy displays s the ability of a molecule receiving electron [43].
DFT method concept can suggest the chemical reactivity and position selectivity of the molecular systems.The energies of frontier molecular orbitals (E HOMO + E LUMO ), energy band gap (E HOMO -E LUMO ) which shows the eventual charge-transfer interaction within the molecule, electronegativity (χ), chemical potential (µ), global hardness (η), global softness (S) and global electrophilicity index (ω) [45]- [46] are appeared in Table 3.

(
) ( ) The inverse value of the global hardness is designed as the softness σ as follow: Electrophilicity index is one of the most vital quantum chemical descriptors in explaining toxicity of different pollutants in terms of their reactivity and position selectivity [47].Also, the electrophilicity properly quantifies the biological activity of drug receptor collaboration.This novel reactivity index calculates the stabilization in energy when the system acquires an extra electronic charge from the environment.So, the importance of η and σ is to calculate the molecular stability and reactivity.In a complex formation system, L 1 serves as a Lewis base while the V 4+ acts as a Lewis acid.

Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP)
The MEP is a plot of electrostatic potential mapped onto the steady electron density surface.It is additionally exceptionally helpful in exploration of molecular structure with its physiochemical property relationship and also hydrogen bonding interactions [48]- [50].The electrostatic potential V(r) at a given point r (x, y, z) is the interaction energy between the electrical charge produced from the molecule electrons, nuclei and proton located at r [51] [52].In the present study, 3D plots of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of L 1 (Figure 9) have been drew.The maximum negative, region which favored local for electrophilic attack, is shown by a red color, the maximum positive region which favored position for nucleophilic attack indicated as blue color.Potential increases in the order red < green < blue, where blue represents the strongest attraction and red reveals the strongest repulsion.Regions having the negative potential are over the electronegative atoms while the regions having the positive potential are over the hydrogen atoms.

Dipole Moment and other Molecular Properties
The calculations of the binding energy uncovered that the increment of the value of the calculated binding energy of V 4+ complexes contrasted with L 1 indicates that the formed V 4+ complexes are more stable than L 1 .Also, energy components were evaluated by DFT method listed in Table 4.

Antibacterial Activity
Depending on data obtained for diameter of inhibition zone (Figure 10 and Table 5), it was found that the complexes were active on both sorts of bacterial strains.A look of data shows that: i complexes exhibited aexceptional antibacterial activity against all organisms.
ii) [VO(L 1 )(2,4-pentadionate)] Cl•4HCl revealed a potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans bacterial strain (Gram-ve) more than [   the bacterium and henceforth not able to meddle with its biological activity or they can diffuse and inactivated by unknown cellular mechanism i.e. bacterial enzymes.The reason for high antimicrobial activity of vanadium complexes can be clarified regarding the impact of vanadium metal ion on the normal cell process.The complexation reaction decreases the polarity of the metal ion by the partial participating of metal ion positive charge with donor groups and electron delocalization over the chelate ring.Hence, the lipophilic character of the central metal atom is improved which brings about a higher capacity to penetrate the microorganisms through the lipid layer of the cell membrane.In addition, all metal complexes under the investigation estimate a large value of binding energy than L 1 that enhances the steadiness of these complexes [53].Additionally, electrophilicity of all complexes is bigger than that of L 1 and that could be another target behind some complexes to exhibit the biggest strong antimicrobial activity than the ligand.Likewise, it is observed from these studies that the vast majority of the metal chelates have a higher movement than the free ligand and that can be explained on the premise of chelation hypothesis.The chelation goes about as all the more able and strong fungicidal and bactericidal agents, subsequently murdering more fungi and bacteria than the ligand.In the complex the positive charge of the metal is somewhat imparted to the donor atoms present in the ligands, and there may be π-electron delocalization over the all chelating system [54].The variety in the activity of different complexes against various microorganisms depend either on cells impermeability of the microbes or contrasts in ribosomes in microbial cells [55].The negative results can be credited either to the powerlessness of the complexes to diffuse through the cell wall of the bacterium and henceforth not able to interfere with its biological activity or they can diffuse and inactivated by obscure cellular mechanism i.e. bacterial enzymes.

In Vitro Anticancer Activity
In vitro cytotoxicity tests were conducted utilizing all the prepared compounds against human tumor cell lines MCF-7 and Hela normal cell line by means of a colorimetric assay (MTT assay) that is a measurement for mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity as an indication of cell viability.The activities corresponding to viability of cancer cell growth.In parallel, the impact of widely utilized anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil has been also assayed as standard.The IC 50 values were computed from the graph plotted between % cell viability and concentration.The outcomes of IC 50 of five complexes for both cell lines covered a large range of activity with ranging from 5.7 to 50.4 µg/ml as appeared in Figure 11, indicating that the five complexes exhibited antitumor activity against the cell lines without damaging the normal cells.[VO(L  , respectively.It means that the chemical structure of compounds is important to explain the complex biological activity and it can be essential in designing and synthesizing novel anticancer drugs.There is obviously direct correlation between strong interaction of V(IV) complex with DNA and antiproliferative activity of V(IV) complex.These observations suggests that DNA may be the targeting molecules of V(IV) complex's anti-carcinogenic action, and V(IV) ion coordination and bind significantly enhances the Schiff base drugs anticancer activity.So, It is unmistakably watched that complexation with metal has a synergistic impact on the cytotoxicity.

Voltammetric Studies
The voltammogram reveals two reduction peaks for the complex [V IV O(L 1 )(2,4-pentadionate)]Cl•4HCl, centered at −0.75 V and −0.43 V which correspond to V IV /V II and V IV /V III , respectively as appeared in (Figure 12) [56].

2 4 SO
− group and the position of these bands indicates the participation of the 2 4

2 4 SO
− group and the position of bands assigned to that 2 4

2 4 SO
− group and the position of bands assigned to that 2 4
and (Figure S17-S20) show the TGA/DTG curves of the five metal complexes.The experimental weight loss values are in good agreement with the calculated values.In the TGA curve of the [V 3 O 3 (L 1 )(SO 4 ) 3 (EtOH) 1/2 (H 2 O) 3/2 ] (3:1; M:L) (Figure 3) shows four decomposition stages.The first stage was in 27˚C -263˚C range with a loss corresponding to 1.5 coordinate H 2 O molecules and 1.5

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. X-band ESR spectrum of [V 3 O 3 (L 1 )(SO 4 ) 3 (EtOH) 1/2 (H 2 O) 3/2 ]. (g = 2.0023) uncovering a considerable covalency of metal ligand bonding with d x2-y2 as the ground-statenormal for square pyramidal stereochemistry as appeared in Table 2.The decrease of the g value than that of the free-electron value (2.0023) is an estimated measure of the ligand field strength; the stronger the ligand field the littler the reduction in the g value and the other way around.The |g|, g ┴ and |A| values are measured from the spectra, which are in good agreement for a square-pyramidal structure.The high value of α 2 for the [VO(L 1 )(2,4-pentadionate)] Cl•4HCl (0.621) suggests the ionic nature of this complex.On the other hand the low values of α 2 for [V 3 O 3 (L 1 ) (SO 4 ) 3 (EtOH) 1/2 •(H 2 O) 3/2 ] (0.2499) and [VO(L 1 )SO 4 (H 2 O) 3/2 ]•2.5H 2 O (0.2079) indicate the covalent nature of these complexes.

Table 1 .
Decomposition steps with the temperature range and weight loss for V 4+ complexes.
The first and second steps in 19˚C -395˚C range correspond to one lattice H 2 O molecule, one coordinated H 2 O molecule and coordinated SO 4 group (Found: 20.9%; Calcd.: 19.6%).The third step lies in the range 395˚C -448˚C corresponds to the loss of other coordinated SO 4 group and CH fragment (Found: 15.8%; Calcd.: 16.2%).The mass loss corresponds to the main skeleton of complex C 14 H 5 N 4 O 2 are (Found: 38.2%; Calcd.: 38.7%) in the 448˚C -525˚C range.The residual part (Found: 25.1%; Calcd.: 25.5%) refers to V 2 N 2 and C 3 H 6 fragments.

Table 4 .
Some of energetic properties of L 1 and complexes calculated by DMOL 3 using DFT-method.

Table 5 .
Antimicrobial activities of the isolated complexes.