Multiple Node Placement Strategy for Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

The advances in recent technology have lead to the development of wireless sensor nodes forming a wireless network, which over the years is used from military application to industry, household, medical etc. The deployment pattern of sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is always random for most of the applications. Such technique will lead to ineffective utilization of the network; for example fewer nodes are located at far distance and dense nodes are located at some reason and part of the region may be without the surveillance of any node, where the networks do consume additional energy or even may not transfer the data. The proposed work is intended to develop the optimized network by effective placement of nodes in circular and grid pattern, which we call as uniformity of nodes to be compared with random placement of nodes. Each of the nodes is in optimized positions at uniform distance with neighbors, followed by running a energy efficient routing algorithm that saves an additional energy further to provide connectivity management by connecting all the nodes. Simulation results are compared with the random placement of nodes, the residual energy of a network, lifetime of a network, energy consumption of a network shows a definite improvement for uniform network as that of with the random network.


Introduction
WSN is developed for small scale level applications that use the sensors for communication.It has found its importance in the current trends because of various advantages as compared with other networks.Sensors are capable of sensing the data, processing and transmitting with wireless communication.The data can be fragmented into sub units so as to be transmitted from multiple sensors that consider the load balancing.The recent advances in MEMS [1], nano technology, various processors, and wireless communication have lead to the advancement of WSN which are self configuring, flexible and scalable.Its intervention is most useful when human reach ability is too difficult.The deployment of sensors can be static or a random but yet a fast response.For example in a military application, it is difficult to reach the specified areas so as to practically place the sensors, in that case sensors are randomly thrown from an area above the ground; another case would be the scenario of an agricultural application which requires structured monitoring, where sensors are uniformly distributed to receive the data at regular intervals.WSN can be treated as distribution of nodes for a particular task.Sensor nodes are battery powered and are expected to operate without attendance for a relatively long period of time.Power is consumed for sensing, communicating and data processing.Sensors are also able to renew their energy from solar sources, temperature differences, or vibration.An analog signal produced by the sensors is converted to digital by an ADC and sent to controllers for further processing.Usually sensor node is independent, small in size and adaptive to the environment, and should consume extremely low energy.Sensors are responsible for collecting the data [1], where in ADC sends the type of data sensed by sensor to the processor and requests, what to be done by sensor.WSN can establish the network on its own, which usually consists of low cost, low power, low energy features, where the data transfer through these is done efficiently by various techniques in order to increase the network lifetime.It is always referred by most of the researchers that WSN uses maximum communication energy for communication, which intently can be considered as, sensor node can be made to use minimum energy to reach the neighbors thus trying to save the energy consumed.This technique can be very effective utilization to save the energy during sleep, idle and receive mode, and there is always a chance of death of node and hence the network should sustain itself to the current load or sometimes entry of new node into the network where WSN should withstand the changes for the newer nodes providing scalability.While guaranteeing good performance overall, the sensor nodes are battery powered optimized positions along with the routing protocols to be designed for sensors so as to consume minimal energy extending the network lifetime.As the placement of node is an important phenomenon, if done efficiently followed by energy routing protocol, such network can greatly enhance the network lifetime.
The prime objective of sensor node is to sense the data and send it to base station or the cluster heads, and these can be considered as a communication range of several orders by which the data moment is done; it is always preferred that data can always be transferred by hop to hop that is source and destination involves certain neighbors for the data moment.Energy is an important issue for WSN to prolong the network lifetime; hence effective utilization of the battery should be done to do so.It is considered that placement strategy is going to be an important strategy for WSN since effective utilization of the network can be done by having controlled placement of nodes, where the node positions are known which when compared with the random placement technique, where sometimes nodes are placed in a such a way that it is nearly far from the region to reach the neighboring nodes, thus leading to un effective utilization of such nodes in the network.The proposed work is intended to concentrate on the different placement of nodes like random, circular and grid based scenario of a network that is mainly worked out to save the energy consumed by the network on par with sensor nodes and to increase the network lifetime.

Related Work
The paper [2] concentrates on routing techniques involved in WSN that considers both static and mobile sensor nodes.Routing protocols which might vary based on the implementation and network architecture, but also on future directions of research on development of routing protocols have been discussed here for WSN.The author in paper [1] proposes a method to prolong the lifetime of the sensor nodes, designing efficient routing protocols is critical.Even though sensor networks are primarily designed for monitoring and reporting events, since they are application dependent, a single routing protocol cannot be efficient for sensor networks across all applications.In this paper, the author analyzes the design issues of sensor networks and presents a classification and comparison of routing protocols.This comparison reveals the important features that need to be taken into consideration while designing and evaluating new routing protocols for sensor networks.Routing algorithms in paper [3] for WSNs are responsible for selecting and maintaining the routes in the network and ensure reliable and effective communication in limited periods.The energy constraint of WSNs makes energy saving the most important objective of various routing algorithms.In this paper the author presents survey of routing protocols and algorithms used in WSN's with energy efficiency as the main goal.In WSN, [4] the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range, and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are also limited.Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks are responsible for maintaining the routes in the network and have to ensure reliable multi-hop communication under these conditions.In this paper, author presents a survey of routing protocols for WSN and compares their strengths and limitations.In this paper [5] author presents a multi-objective optimization methodology for node placement in wireless sensor network design.Emerging computational intelligence leads to optimization of NP-hard problem in a simple way, differential evolution approach is used as a tool for optimization of most important parameters in node placement process of wireless sensor network.Optimal operational modes of the nodes in order to minimize the energy consumption and meet application-specific requirements have been investigated and also other optimizations have been done on clustering and communication range of sensors.
In this paper, [6] author presents how to place SNs by use of a minimal number to maximize the coverage area when the communication radius of the SN is not less than the sensing radius, which results in the application of regular topology to WSNs deployment.With nodes placed at an equal distance and equipped with an equal power supply, the energy imbalance problem and the mathematical formulation for maximizing network lifetime in grid-based WSNs are given.Author also generalizes the maximizing network lifetime problem to the randomly-deployed WSNs which shows the significance of mathematical formulation for this crucial problem.In this paper, [7] author formulates a constrained multivariable nonlinear programming problem to determine both the locations of the sensor nodes and data transmission pattern.The two objectives studied in the paper are to maximize the network lifetime and to minimize the application-specific total cost, given a fixed number of sensor nodes in a region with certain coverage requirement.Through numerical results, author shows that the optimal node placement strategies provide significant benefit over a commonly used uniform placement scheme.The author presents [8] a novel algorithm for autonomous deployment of active sensor networks.The algorithm aims to enhance the sensing coverage based on an initial placement of sensor nodes.The sensing regions are modeled as circular discs of variable sensing range limits.Based on the fact that a unique circle packing exists satisfying any given set of combinatorics and boundary conditions of a sensor network, minimum sensing range required for every interior nodes to fulfill such packing conditions can be done.Based on a number of numerical simulations, we have verified that the proposed algorithm always yields sensor deployments of wide coverage and minimize the sensing ranges required for every interior sensing node to satisfy the packing and boundary conditions.In this paper, [9] the author proposes to deploy sensors either with variable battery capacities or with non-uniform densities in order to counterbalance the non-uniform energy drainage, thus achieving a longer network lifetime.Monitoring region is concentric ring areas and deployed nodes in these areas such that the highest battery resources are allocated to the ring where the highest energy drainage takes place.Results show 6 to 7 times longer lifetime values are attained without any increase in costs with this approach.
In this paper author [10] considers the design issue of sensor networks by placing a few powerful aggregate nodes into a dense sensor network such that the network lifetime is significantly prolonged when performing data gathering.Specifically, the problem is to place K aggregate nodes into a dense sensor network of n sensor nodes with K < n such that the lifetime of the resulting network is maximized.In a WSN [11] nodes are battery powered, therefore, they are energy constrained.A number of routing schemes, energy efficient and energyaware, have been proposed to maximize the network lifetime.In this paper, author considers the lifetime maximization problem, routing protocols that take into account the battery, residual energy in sensor nodes and the energy required for transmission along the path are considered.For each transmission round, only the nodes which have their remaining energies greater than a threshold can participate as relays for other nodes data, in addition to sensing the environment.This choice allows the distribution of energy load among any sensor nodes, thus extends network lifetime.Simulation results show that the network lifetime is increased largely comparable to Direct and MTE schemes.In this paper [12] author presents a new routing scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks, in which routing is based on Radio-aware Metric, which contains radio information at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer.In this new routing scheme, data are forwarded to a designated neighbor, instead of flooding data into the whole network like with Directed Diffusion.Simulation results shows that compared to Directed Diffusion, proposed routing scheme is almost 4.3 times more efficient in terms of energy consumption and 2.6 times more reliable in terms of data delivery.This paper [13] presents a method which intelligently de-termines the optimum node coordination of sensor nodes topology.The topology is in linear array, aimed for beam-forming in WSN's.The array is constructed in random sensor node deployment.The selected nodes should align similar to a uniform linear array (ULA) to minimize the position errors which will improve the beamforming performance (gain, transmission range and characteristics).Instead of utilizing random beam-forming which needs a large number of sensor nodes to interact with each other and form a narrow radiation beam, the proposed approach is emphasized to only a number of sensor nodes which can construct a linear array.Beamforming technologies can increase the system performance, increase the transmission range and control the directionality of the reception or transmission of a signal.The proposed work utilizes beam-forming technique by using ULA to establish a communication link in a WSN.In this paper [14], author proposes a systematic framework for choosing the minimum sensor nodes from those which are originally distributed randomly in a sensor network.Integer linear programming model is used to describe the optimal placement.A greedy algorithm is proposed under quite general conditions.Simulation results and theoretical analysis with different grid density shows that proposed framework is computationally feasible and the resultant sensor node placement performs near-optimum.
In this paper [15], environmental monitoring applications are considered where data may be continuously reported with the possibility of urgent alarming if necessary.Hierarchical architecture of the network is assumed in order to overcome the problem of energy constrained sensors.Two algorithms are proposed with the purpose of network lifetime elongation and the maximization of the use of the available energy.The first algorithm is a modification for LEACH-C to enhance its performance.It results in a 25% longer lifetime.The second algorithm is an energy efficient method to ensure full coverage of the network as long as sensors are still working.This achieves 32% longer lifetime than LEACH-C.This paper [16] presents a method of optimizing sensor node co-ordination in order to reassign the nodes in linear arrangement to form a linear antenna array.This linear sensor node array (LSNA) is constructed within random sensor node placement.The LSNA should be optimized as closely comparable as a conventional uniform linear array (ULA) to minimize the beam-forming performance errors.Beam-forming has been introduced in wireless sensor network in order to increase the transmission range of individual sensor nodes.Performance of LSNA demonstrates an excellent agreement over ULA.The positioning of nodes [17] in a sensor network has an effect in its performance.In this paper, two predefined configurations are compared to the random distribution to gauge the magnitude of the effect on energy consumption of each type of sensor allocation.The experiments assume a flat, obstacle free, rectangular field, with Directed Diffusion used as routing protocol, and random different positions for the querying entity (sink) and the event location in the field.The results confirm that in an environment such as this, it is worth investing in the uniform positioning of sensors as they offer a significant performance gain.
In wireless sensor networks [18], the number of sensor nodes has direct relation to the cost of total wireless sensor networks.The research on the number of sensor nodes has significant meanings of theory and practice to design of wireless sensor networks.By computation and analysis, the sensor deployments in the form of equilateral triangle, as a rule, are better than those in the form of square, and the efficient coverage area ratios, decrease with increasing number of sensor nodes.Sometime information is incompletely monitored or undetected.This is coverage and connectivity problems.The coverage problem is also one of basic problem in wireless sensor networks.The paper analyzes several sensor deployments and computes their efficient coverage areas and their efficient coverage area ratios.In addition, the relation between the number of sensors and efficient coverage area ratio is discussed [18].Wireless sensor network [19] is a revolution of information collection and perception field, which has been drawing much more application gradually.However, The WSN with characteristic of self-organization, multi-hop, dynamic topology and limited energy resources, which make the network to prolong it's lifetime become extremely difficult.This paper analyzed variety multicast protocols in existence and the current achievements in the research based on a comprehensive studying of a mess of multicast routing protocols.This document provided the appropriate application environment for types of multicast protocols and the specific improvements.It has an active significance for WSN to increase it's performance in the near future.In wireless sensor networks, the major source [20] of a sensor node failure is battery exhaustion and replacing this energy source in the field is usually not practical.Therefore, the use of energy efficient infrastructure, such as repositioning the base station in a clustered wireless sensor network, is able to prolong the lifetime of the network and improve the overall network data.In this paper, author proposes an energy-efficient protocol for the repositioning of mobile base station using particle swarm optimization (PSO) in wireless sensor networks.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol can improve the network lifetime, data delivery and energy consumption compared to existing energy-efficient protocols developed for this network.

Implementation
The implementation for node deployment and best routing analysis is done in this section.We have considered three different node deployments for our experimentation and results.The Figure 1 shows the uneven distribution of nodes.Node placement is a technique to place the nodes effectively in a simulation area so as to consume the minimum energy from each node that is intended for transmission of packets or a data.The present research is on deployment of wireless sensor nodes that are mainly concentrated in the static and the dynamic manner.In static deployment, nodes are fixed, whereas in dynamic deployment of nodes, the nodes are mobile.For the discussion we have classified the static deployment into, non deterministic (random) and deterministic deployment.
Randomized sensor placement often becomes the only option for WSN.Consider an example, in applications of WSN's in reconnaissance missions during combat, disaster recovery and forest fire detection.It is widely expected that sensors will be dropped by helicopter, grenade launchers or clustered bombs.Such means of deployment lead to random spreading of sensors.Although the node density can be controlled to some extent.
As with most of the research that have been carried out, communication network of WSN is always considered deploying the nodes with randomness.The randomness is a function to deploy the nodes randomly leading uneven or unequal distribution of nodes.When such network with the nodes that are deployed randomly is considered for the simulation, there are three issues that mainly arise, some nodes are densely deployed at particular region while the other region is distributed with only fewer nodes located at farer distances and leaving region will not at all be with the single coverage of node.The drawbacks of such random node deployment is that nodes with dense location, where routing is to take place, additional hops between source and destination in a region of dense location of nodes take part in routing leading to additional utilization of energy from each node, where as in the case of nodes at far location, additional energy again is to be spent in transmitting the data to neighbors located at far distance as well to the destination which is located at quite far distances.On a similar way it is difficult to manage the routing in a region where no nodes are located leading in all the three case, an uneven distribution of energy source and node deployment.Figure 1 show the probability of random deployment of sensor node network, the node pattern is set in a simulation environment.As shown in Figure 1, the random function distributes the nodes close to each other for example node ID, 25, 30, 85, 79, 55, 48 are all closely located and node 77, 86 are located at a such far distance that they may not be in a communication range leading to loss of data transfer or finding more additional neighbors or energy to complete the routing.Such drawback can be overcome by placing the nodes uniformly in a simulation area which we call it as deterministic node deployment.In Deterministic Sensor Placement Schemes (DSPS), the nodes are placed in order to meet some of the desired performance objectives.For example, the coverage of the monitored region can be ensured through careful planning of node densities and fields of view and thus the network topology can be established at the setup time.DSPS are common in certain applications like room temperature monitoring, medical applications, underwater acoustics, imaging and video sensors among others.In our proposed work we have considered two different uniform models, i.e. grid and circular deployment of nodes.
Figure 2 shows the placement of nodes in grid manner, the same simulation area as that of random network is taken with 100 nodes and all the nodes are held at a uniform distance.Going through most of the research papers, where for any application nodes are just deployed randomly.The main intention of the work is to give optimized positions for the nodes stating that the nodes are intended to work from the stated position till the node dies, therefore the developed algorithm will initially fix the position of nodes then go for the routing.Improved placement can definitely leads to effective utilization of network like routing, energy, co-ordination to give increased network lifetime.
Figure 3 shows the circular deployment of nodes which provides mainly two objectives.First one is, careful node placement can be a very effective optimization means for achieving the desired design goals, and is classified as static approaches.On the other hand, some schemes have advocated dynamic adjustment of node location, since the optimality of the initial positions may become void during the operation of the network depending  on the network state and various external factors, We categorize the placement strategies into static and dynamic depending on whether the optimization is performed at the time of deployment or while the network is operational, this approach considers positions of node metrics that are independent of the network state or assume a fixed network operation pattern that stays unchanged throughout the lifetime of the network.
To do the routing be it for all the 3 different node topology, a simple shortest path from a set of multipath from source and destination is been considered, the area considered for simulation is 100 × 100 m, in Figure 1 nodes are hardly distributed in a region of 50 × 50 m.The random deployment pattern indicates that nodes are densely deployed in one particular area, leaving behind most of the region uncovered.The proposed model considers a pattern of node distribution in grid and circular pattern in a way that for the grid it is with node at regular intervals and for the circular base station is located at the center surrounding a first layer of 8 sensor nodes covering equal area on a circle, followed by covering rest of the area on same pattern of deploying the nodes on a circular area so as to cover the complete simulation area.The advantage of optimized placement of node is that maximum area is covered; burden on nodes is reduced followed by increasing the network lifetime.

Mathematical Model
The WSN which uses a method of random deployment of nodes can typically be replaced by uniform distribution of nodes, be it in terms of grid or circular pattern of deployment of nodes.The work mainly concentrates on running a simulation using uniform node placement topology in a network, which is mainly worked for reducing the overall energy consumed by the network further increasing the network lifetime.Work is carried out considering three different network topology in which sensor nodes are placed at different positions, the routing is held at different instant in the network based on which the energy consumption can be found.The methodology is as follows, considering a random distribution of sensor network, as the name suggests randomness, the nodes are placed at un-equal distance at different positions as shown in Figure 1.It can be seen from the Figure 1 that the nodes do not exhibit optimized location with randomness in x and y position, i.e. the two different nodes are never at equidistance.One of the important factor to consider is that, energy consumption depends on the distance the data is been transmitted to reach the destination.This is an important consideration for WSN.One of the examples for uniform network can be grid based network as shown in Figure 2, here the node topology is at uniform distance forming a grid pattern.The network is defined in (100 × 100) distance.Each node is placed at a uniform distance of 1 m, considering the total number of nodes to be 100.Noting that network is scalable to distribute the nodes at an equal distance, varying the nodes from 0 to 99.The neighbor of any node can be at a distance of only 1m, which we call it as a uniform pattern of nodes.Let "n" be total number of nodes in a network choosing "n" equal to 100, then the total number of grids "k" that can be required, can be found by the following equation, ( ) where "k" be a number of grids Let "d" be the distance between two nodes in a network and "R" be the radius within which, all the nodes are placed.The sensing range R sense for a particular network can be given by, The concept is based on the fact that nodes are predetermined.This can result in many advantages, especially when the node is replicated of energy, a particular node can easily be found and replaced.Hence the node location "NL" of every node in a network is given by, α is in the range 0˚ to 180˚ with α varying 10˚ for every node.
Once the node location of every node is found, they are placed in a regular grid pattern, by this method a WSN in a grid pattern is created, which is called uniform distribution of nodes.As stated the node location, it is not just that nodes are simply placed as a grid pattern but an equation is been given mentioning the position of node which we call it as an optimized position of every node, which also holds good for circular placement of node topology.Another methodology for uniform node distribution can be a circular pattern of sensor nodes.The WSN in circular node placement topology is as shown in Figure 3.For simplicity circular deployment pattern of nodes is defined using two circles, here we have two types of communication.The data can be transmitted on a trajectory path or on circular path i.e. routing can go in both the paths depending on which the distance is shorter.Distance between the nodes for either of the methods is going to be varied.The trajectory method on trajectory path follows a distance of 1m between the neighbors, where the distance between the neighboring nodes are different for different circles.For the first circle it can be 0.39 m where 8 nodes are placed, for the second circle it is 1.56 m, by placing 16 nodes, and for the third circle it can be 3.51 m, for the fourth circle it can be 6.24 m.These distances can rather be called as "sectorial separation" which is given by, r = a radius of a circle, θ be a angular difference between the nodes.As with the uniform grid distribution pattern, node location is known for every node and it is not a random.Node locations are defined, where every node is placed on the on these locations, which is given by NL o ( ) α is in the range of 0˚ to 360˚.( ) Once the nodes are deployed on a circle, the routing can be done by any means, that is routing can be on a trajectory path or it can be on a circular path or both.Definiteness can occur as the nodes are again at uniformity.Once the different types of patterns are set, each node can be assigned with energy, traffic, neighbor identity and their energy.i.e. each node is assigned with 50 J of initial energy "E ini ".The time it transmits the data, there is reduction in its total energy of a node that depends on the distance and traffic it carries on the path of its routing.
Once the network is set up, data in terms of packet can be sent from source to the destination.One general method that we follow for 3 different networks node deployment is that, source and destination are chosen on the edges and with same positions then the routing is done.For the routing simple technique that we adopted is multipath based routing, where multiple routes from source and destination have been chosen.Path based on distance, neighbor, and traffic have been selected for routing.Once the routing takes place, the energy consumed by the network nodes is found, that is related to the network lifetime, the overall energy consumed from a particular path between source and destination is given by "E total " total 1 i = be the number of neighbors, s = total number of nodes, where E i is given by, e k is the energy consumption over the path of routing where data is been transmitted, n'-be the number of nodes in the path, i j be number of hops, therefore e k is given by "e k " e tx and e rec are transmission and reception energy constants for every hop, the mathematical model is been developed to find out the energy consumption (E res ) by the nodes during the routing using different deployment pattern of nodes.
All the nodes are initially assigned with 50 J of energy say E ini which we call it as initial energy of a network (E ini ).A sensor consumes E sur = 50 nJ for transmitting unit of data and k = 100 pJ/bit/m 2 for the transmitting amplifier.So the energy consumption of sensor node in order to be active in the network is given by "E sur " As the energy consumed depends on the number of bits transmitted and hence if sensor node transmits K bits, then energy consumed in order to be active in the network is given by "E s (Actual)" ( ) At the destination nodes will receive packets, practically the received packets are less than actual packet sent.Hence energy consumed for receiving packets "E r (Actual)" is given by, which is lesser than ( ) where T p is the energy due to transmission and P l is the energy lost due to packet loss.Energy consumption of sensor S i in transmitting a unit of data packet to neighboring nodes "E nr " is given by ( ) where n n is the number of neighoubrs, E I is the energy of each node and d tr is the distance of each neighbor from source node.The neighboring node is always with the burden to deliver the data to the destination node, the energy consumption of it turns out to be an important factor, which is calculated as "E r " Total energy consumed in network "E t " If there are "n" no of sensor nodes in a coverage area which are active and transmitting data, then total energy is, Residual energy for the sensor node is given by "E re "

Lifetime Definition
We assume each node has the same initial battery energy E o , the lifetime T i of node Si is defined as the expected time for the battery energy to be exhausted, given by "T (n) " where, n = number of sensor node.Taken with 100 to get the numerical in percentage.
Based on the energy model algorithm, simulation is been considered and comparative results are obtained for the pattern of nodes.Trajectory based node placement definitely saves the energy compared to random placement of nodes as shown in the below graphs.

Simulation
Simulations are done in OpenSuse platform using gcc C++.OpenSuse is a general purpose operating system built on top of the Linux kernel, developed by the community supported OpenSuse Project and sponsored by SUSE.In the simulation model we consider "n" number of nodes such that "n" can be in the range of 00 to 99, in the area of length "L" and breadth "B".The performance parameter, such as battery life of each node which is varied over an arbitrary range of values is considered.In the synthetic scenario of simulation "n" nodes are placed in L*B square meter field considering 3 different topologies (Random, circular and grid placement of nodes).Each node transmits a maximum of "P" packets at various times during simulation and their transmission range is "R" meters.For the simulation source and destination is chosen by user.All the nodes are initially assigned with same amount of energy.Depending upon the battery life and range of transmission we find out the neighbors of each node.Using neighbor and distance we find the shortest path.The transmission energy is cal-culated using the mathematical model.Thus we find out residual energy of the network after the routing takes place.The wireless sensor network is considered to be static, following inputs are considered for simulation.Number of nodes = 100, Initial energy of each node is 50 J, Eele = 50 nJ/bit/threshold distance, radio dissipation of transmitter and receiver Eamp = 100 pJ/bit/m^2, Communication range = 20 units.Simulation is to generate WSN topology, by applying AODV routing protocol algorithm to each topology, then calculating the energy, lifetime, hops that are performance parameter of the network.
The Performance parameters measured are as follows.
• Intermediate Nodes: It is the number of hops (nodes) required to transmit data from source to destination • Residual Energy: The amount of energy that remains after the routing during data transfer • Network Lifetime: It is the ratio indicating the utilization of total life of the network in transmitting the data The result of simulation demonstrates that, initial deployment of node topology is considered by placing node on a uniform path, the energy consumption of each node and total network energy consumption is considered and compared with the random node placement pattern.The result that is shown proves that energy consumption is definitely less with grid deployment having distributed the node in whole of the simulation area, where as random placement tries to cover only half of the simulation area, following which the algorithm tries to save the energy consumed by the network, covering maximum area with increase in lifetime of network.
Figure 4 shows number of intermediate nodes or hops that are used to transmit the data between two ends, the results shows that it is based on the definiteness of the node position as the grid and circular network nodes use maximum communication radius for finding the next hop.The number of hops required to reach the destination in uniform network are definitely less as compared with random network as with the simulation results.The Figure 5 gives the amount residual energy saved by the random, circular, grid based topologies that are calculated after the routing is been carried out.It is shown from Figure 5 that random network consumes the highest amount energy for the routing.Figure 6 gives the network lifetime that relates to usage of a network from the consumed energy.From the graph we can conclude that random based topology network lifetime is less compared to other two topologies.The simulations are done for a single routing, i.e. considering the part of data that is transmitted in one round of routing, when such 1000 rounds are considered for routing it is definite that energy as network parameter would definitely add to improve the performance of a network.

Conclusion
The work is carried to simulate the sensor network, to differentiate the behavior of network under different   scenarios.Routing was run for random, grid and circular based network for different rounds.Based on the analytical and simulation results, it is proved that random deployment has smaller coverage area with more number of nodes deployed with un-equal distances leading to more energy utilization to decrease in overall network lifetime.Grid and circular deployment network have larger coverage area with less number of nodes deployed at equal distances.Hence energy utilization will be less with increase in network lifetime.The proposed model concludes that energy can be efficiently utilized in WSN's with the grid and circular node deployment.Work can be extended to run the algorithm till whole of the energy is exhausted.Different routing protocols can be considered to check the sustainability of the network.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Sensor nodes placed in a grid pattern.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Graph showing number of hops vs number of nodes.

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Graph showing residual energy in joules vs number of nodes.

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.Showing graph of percentage of network lifetime vs number of nodes.