Five Dimensional String Universes in Lyra Manifold

Considering five dimensional plane symmetric metric, we discuss a model universe with different situations, by solving the modified Einstein field equations within the framework of Lyra geometry. We obtain many interesting realistic solutions governing the present day model of the universe. Physical and kinematical properties of the models are discussed in detail.


Introduction
A lot of remarkable knowledge of cosmology is made by various experimental and theoretical results which have been made still today.But still now it is difficult to explain exactly the physical situation of the formation of our universe at the very early stage.To describe the events at the early stages of the universe, we are required to develop and study the concept of string theory.It is believed that universe may have many phase transitions after big-bang.
Einstein formulation of General Relativity is the foundation of other geometric theories in order to explain the actual gravitational phenomena.A more general theory in which both gravitation and electromagnetism were described geometrically was proposed by [1].Later, [2] suggested a modification of Riemannian geometry by introducing a gauge function which removed the non-integrability condition of the length of a vector under parallel transport, which was known as Lyra's geometry.In Lyra's geometry, the connection is metric preserving as Riemannian geometry, and length transfers as integrable in contrast to Weyl's geometry.He also introduced a gauge function into the structure-less manifold, as a result of which a displacement field arose naturally.This alternating theory is of interest since it produces effects similar to Einstein's theory.
Many authors have investigated cosmology in Lyra's geometry with both a constant displacement field and time dependent one.Also cosmological models in the frame work of Lyra's geometry in different contexts are investigated by [3]- [11].Cosmological models based on Lyra's manifold with constant displacement field vector were also studied by Bhamra [12]- [18].But with this condition it is found as one of conveniences and there is no priori reason for it.Recently, several authors like [19]- [24] have studied cosmological models in the frame work of Lyra's geometry in various contexts.
We know that the constant vector displacement field in Lyra's geometry plays the role of cosmological constant in the normal general relativistic study as suggested by [25].Also, [26] shows that the scalar-tensor treatment based on Lyra's geometry predicts the same effects, within observational limits, as the Einstein theory.
As the necessity of study of higher-dimensional space-time in this field aiming to unify gravity with other interactions, the concept of extra dimension is relevant in cosmology, particularly for the early stage of universe and theoretically the present four dimensional stage of the universe may have been preceded by a multi-dimensional stage.So, in this paper we discussed about the five dimensional cosmological models in Lyra's geometry by considering plane symmetric metric with some conditions to find out some solutions which were realistic with the observational facts.

Field Equations and Their Solutions
Here we consider the five dimensional plane symmetric metric in the form ( ) ( ) where A, B and C are functions of time "t" only.Einstein's field equations based on Lyra's Geometry is where we use the units in which ,0,0,0,0 The energy momentum tensor of cosmic strings is where, p ρ ρ λ = + , is the energy density of the cloud of string, p ρ being the rest energy density of particles attached to the strings and λ is the string tension density.
( ) is the five velocity vector for the cloud of particles and ( ) is the direction of strings.Moreover the directions of strings satisfies 1, and 0 Using the commoving coordinate system and Equations ( 3), ( 4) and ( 5), the field equations (2) for the metric (1) yield Now, ( 7) and ( 8) give A solution of ( 10) is Thus, ( 11) and ( 12) together with ( 7) and ( 8) give ( ) And ( ) Now from ( 9), we have, ( ) ( ) And from ( 6), we have, Therefore, from the relation p For the metric (1), the expansion factor Θ is obtained as ( ) and ( ) Therefore, from Equations ( 18) and ( 19) we have ( ) ( ) Here, the deceleration parameter q is given by

Physical Interpretations of the Solutions
In the universe we obtain here, it is seen that the energy density has a finite value at the beginning and then it gradually decreases until it shrinks almost to zero at infinite time.The string tension density is also found to be a decreasing function of time until it almost tends to zero as time tends to infinity.Here, with the advent of time, the density of the string decreases more rapidly than density of the particles attached to them.Thus, our universe ultimately becomes a universe dominated by particles, where strings are becoming invisible in course of time.Here, for our universe, we see that the special dimensions expand isotropically, implying the expansion of our universe which bears testimony to our universe being a realistic one.Moreover, from the expressions of the expansion factor and deceleration parameter obtained here, it can be inferred that our universe is expanding, but the rate of expansion is decreasing slowly until at infinite time where it is expanding at a constant rate.Here, the gauge function 2 β is found to be constant at the initial epoch of time and gradually increases with time until it becomes a finite constant 2 0 4b at infinite time.Interacting with the pressureless matter here, the displacement vector can play the same role as a cosmological constant (term).Thus, it will be nice to study further whether the displacement vector plays a role in disturbing the rate of expansion of the universe.
Though our model universe seems to be anisotropic in the beginning it will become gradually an isotropic one until it becomes perfectly isotropic at time given by . It can be seen that even though an anisotropic parameter is produced in this universe, its anisotropy does not promote anisotropy in the expansion, and thus in course of time our universe becomes an isotropic one.