Leadership Ideas—A Study with Prospective Nursing Leaders

Introduction: The study is based on P. Kostenbaums theory about leadership as greatness. His theory distinguishes four interdependent leadership “orientations”: ethics, vision, courage and reality. People with qualities have developed greatness and wisdom in their mind, as well as competence to act ethically. The leadership research has shaped a leadership figure that can be described as a picture of a hero. Aim: The aim of this paper is to find out the idea of leadership based on earlier research and analyse their relevancy for nursing-management. Method: The study is a qualitative study based on earlier studies with focus on the basic idea of leadership with relevancy for nursing management and leadership. Sex students, from a master degree program in Finland, collected data based on earlier research. Findings and Interpretation: The ideas of leadership consist of three basic ideas: leadership as greatness, leadership as interactions and relations, and leadership based on the idea of shared leadership. Discussion: The prospects for leading others are to master the balance between the degree of freedom and control, to build trust, and to provide directives and control until confidence. To lead without “meeting” makes that the employers never give desired results. The purposes of the ideas of leadership are to create trust, confidence and understanding of where the other person is located. Being seen and being confirmed is fundamental to pace an individual and create opportunities to lead within nursing care.

Leadership development begins with distinguishing leadership skills from leadership traits. Leadership skills are essentially techniques or practices that leaders apply in advancing a group toward common goals. Examples of leadership skills include being able to generate and communicate a vision, converting that vision to tactics and initiatives, and identifying and delegating tasks to talented individuals who can assist in reaching this vision. Leadership skills are readily taught, both inside and out of the classroom. Leadership traits are different. They are essentially behaviors or characteristics that an individual inherently possesses. Leadership traits can be well developed in individuals at a surprisingly early age. What is Leadership? Leadership is an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes and reflect their mutual purpose. With this definition, we accept the following attributes of 'LEADERSHIP'. Leadership is not an act or set of acts, it is a process. Leadership is not just influence, yet it involves influencing others through the leadership. While between the leader and followers, the influence is mutual, together, they influence the environment around them in some way. Leadership goes beyond goals. There is a purpose a cause which a broad enough to create a vision t problem solving and decision-making. The leaders not allow something that threatens his position as leader. The hero is irreplaceable while the co-workers are interchangeable pieces in a play. Whether the leader is present is critical to the organization's ability to act. When the leader is absent, anxiety and insecurity among staff arise easily. This is an unrealistic view and Cervani et al. state that no human being can live up to all the expectations created by to see the leader as a hero [13] [15] .
The leaders from a post-heroic perspective focus on the team-members and co-workers. The leader supports the co-workers to take responsibility and the leader allows the staff to use their professional skills. The leaders prefer cooperation, innovations and consensus discussion [14] . Based on Frilund [16] [17] , we can say that the conditions for successful multi-professional team in the future is the needed for developed ethical mind of the leaders and organizations, not least in healthcare organizations [14] .
Covrey [12] stated that leadership was a method to communicate the value and potential, so loud and clear; those employers saw the value in him. Employees, especially young adults [18] , are critically to the method of leadership used in organizations today. The leader neither sees nor appreciates the employees as "unique talents", instead, the leader gives orders and dictating terms.

Aim
The aim of this paper is to find out the idea of leadership based on earlier research and analyse their relevancy for nursing-management.

Ethical Statements
The author has complied with the ethical guidelines of good scientific practice.

Method
The study is a qualitative descriptive study literature review, and discussions between sex students from a leadership master degree program in Finland.

Participants and Material
The author invited a group of students participated in a master degree program in leadership in Finland. Each student accepted the invitation. The students were given free hands to choose literature in line with the aim of the study. Each student wroth a narrative based on the articles she had red. Next step the students discussed their narratives together in groups and the discussion was followed virtually by the students. The time for discussion was two weeks at autumn 2014. After two weeks the author stopped the discussion, collected the material, and started to analyse it. As data-analyse method was a modified form of content analyse used.
The findings were presented as main categories with sub categories.

Findings and Interpretation
the limits of knowledge [21] .
How do we become wise? What better teacher of compassion than one's own experience of suffering? Are two questions the participants discussed? Is it better to learn humility than to make a mistake? And what is better to discover the deeper meaning of one's life than to face a circumstance that forces you to focus on that which is of most value to your life? What make the difference? Proust stats that the difference accurse when people make a courageous choice.
Ardelt [24] has developed a three-dimensional model of wisdom: cognitive, reflective and affective. The cognitive dimension includes the desire to deeply know and understand things, including the limits of our knowing. The reflective dimension represents the capacity for self-reflection, and the capacity to see things from many perspectives.
The affective dimension of wisdom is empathy and compassion. So, a wise person is one who desires to deeply understand things, who is humble and aware of the limitations of knowing, who can see things from many perspectives and avoids black and white thinking, and who radiates compassion, the informants state [4] [24] .

The Idea of Interaction and Relationship
The second idea of leadership is named interaction and relationship. Crevani et al. [14] are focusing at leadership as a phenomena rather than the leader as a person. By moving focus from the person to the task, you deepen the understanding about leadership as processes and interactions. Leadership will thereby be numbers of interactions between the members in the team. The leader will be an active part of the team and her/his main task will be to inspire and creates visions and thereby create meaning into the work [7] [25] . Different generations have different expectations of leadership and how a good leader has to be. Because engagement is more desirable than obedience the standpoint for leadership is to understand what things activated and engagement the different generations of employers. The participants stated that research of leadership has to take focus on leadership as processes and practice, which is created by the interaction [13] [14] . Interaction and processes can defined as three processes: ontology of the processes, the epistemology and axiology [9] [23] [25] .
The process ontology of the leadership is constructions of social interaction "ontology". Students was of the opinion that this kind of processes are difficult to assess and control, thereby difficult to use as object of the survey. Research should be a liberating process through which the performances are reviewed and challenged.
This point of view is protest against the survey which includes and excluded variables, in order to forget the trivial and highlight the grandiose [12] [14] . In the research, today, we can see the emphasis on the leader and not the leadership, the informants stat. The informants are continuing with to say that research of leadership has to focus at processes and interaction.

The Idea of Shared Leadership
From a postheroisk perspective the leadership idea of shared leadership will take place in the debate. Shared leadership involves all the team members to be an active part of the different processes that leadership occurs of.
Previous research has shown that the leader has the central role to creating values as the basis of the work, motivate employees and to establish and demonstrate the goals, focused on staffs abilities and actions.
Kostenbaum states, "The most important task for leader is to replace the ethics of the work" [4] [27] .
Leaders how follow the old model, "picture of a hero"-model [13] [14] , described above haven't possibilities to obtain the caregivers professional development, to see there individually needs and possibilities. The staff's ability to obtain guidance and support affect their professional development. Leaders with wisdom and leaders how support the idea of shared leadership have opportunities to develop wisdom and greatness into the co-workers.
Researchers have noted that shared leadership as a collective activity stimulate the caregivers and support the nurses' experience of meaningfulness.
Young adults' have different needs and expectations on there work [10] . They want to be an active part in problem-solving, they want to form their own work, they want to be seen and be confirmed. Leader's ideas for his leadership can become a critical issue for staff recruitment. Today we can notice the difficulty in recruiting nurses especially to Long-Time-Care [8] [29] .
In the literature we can see different types of leadership: Instructing, coaching, supporting and delegating [1]  The prospects for leading others is to master the balance between getting together to build trust, understanding, provide directives and control until confidence is. The English name pacing and leading better describes what it's about [23] [27] . To lead without "meeting", makes that the employers never give desired results. The purpose of the pacing is to create trust, confidence and understanding of where the other person is located [22] [24] . Being seen and being confirmed are fundamental to pace an individual and create opportunities to lead.

Conclusion
After studying leadership's idea, it is possible to say that the role of the leader in the change process is to present clear objectives, with positive impact at the qualities of the patients' care. The leader must dare to take the initiative but also dare to fail and be able to evaluate how things evolve. The goal of the change must be realistic.
The leader must have the courage to leave what is familiar and try new ways of working; a leader can never achieve change on their own. It is through cooperation with their colleagues as the positive change occurs.