Bi-Directional Regulation by Chinese Herbal Formulae to Host and Parasite for Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Humans and Rodents

A decline in the immunopotential of the host plays acritical factor(s) in the occurrence of infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or microorganisms by opportunistic infection. In such an infection, no way out for therapeutic concept, therefore bi-directional trial was the final choice. So we selected aformula, Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang (dLHT), which could both augmentimmune factorsin host and exert bacteriostatic effect. We sought to break through the epidemic by MRSA especially in elderly patient, by the fundamental and clinical trial by employing minor TCM, characterizing bidirectional ability of the decoction by western methods. Animal Experiment: Mitomycin-C (MMC)-treated mice with or without the infection of MRSA were made. The experimental design was made up to examine the bacteriostatic action as well as the immunopotentiating bias of the promising Chinese herbal medicine, dLHT, which was first proved for its immune potentiating activities as well as their sensitivity to antibiotics, but not direct aseptic effect was clear for MRSA. Both basic and clinical data showed that this formula was effective on re-


Introduction
The decline in the immunopotential of the host plays an essential role in the occurrence of infections even by low pathogenic bacteria, methicilline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or pseudomonas.There are two primary systems, innate immunity and adaptive immunity.Despite these defense systems, the overwhelming problems of possessing these dual systems, the innate and adaptive does not seem to guard or even prevent the development of one internal threat to survival.However, every individual exposes to the list of immunodeficiency in daily life with both internal and externals [1]- [10].The factors that influence the acquired immune activity are systemic metabolic disorders such as diabetes, malnutrition, extreme exhaustion, extensive stress, aging and medical side effects [1]- [10].So we have to select appropriate menu to regulate immune function through leukocyte storage.The menu had been summarized and listed as CAM: complementary and alternative medicine [11]- [18].The use of the menu in conjunction with exercise recipe is in a quandary due to the lack of information concerning these cross-interactions among general public and a lack in information among the health professionals with a potentially significant health scale.
In other words, there are no tentative scales for evaluating the intense of exercise for each patient.A propose of this study is to suggest the best tailored scale for evaluating the intense of menu.For this purpose, we sought to set up a mouse model in which mice were infected with MRSA and treated with mitomycin-C (MMC) to examine the bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory actions as well as the immuno-competent actions of the prom-ising Chinese herbal medicine, Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang (dLHT).dLHT was also administered to patients who were infected with MRSA.Both animal and clinical experiments compared dLHT with standard hemopoietic herbal decoction in the MRSA infection system.

Experimental Mice
Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (Sankyo Animal Laboratory Inc.) were kept at clear animal housing at specific pathogen free condition (SPF) with a room temperature of 24˚C ± 1˚C and a humidity of 60%.The water and mice food were freely accessed.

Experimental Animal Model
In the animal model of immuno-competency reduction, mice were injected with MMC (5 mg/kg) to inhibit the bone marrow.An extract of dLHT, which was freezed and dried, was administered orally at a dosage of 1 g/kg/day for five consecutive days.The white cell count, the ability of the macrophages to migrate, and phagocytosis of MRSA clinical were examined.The bacteria count in the liver reached the peak six hours after the injection.In the combined treatment group with dLHT + antibiotics, the number of bacteria decreased markedly.Moreover, in the joint treatment group, the blood bacteria number increase 6 hours and 12 hours after treatment, and a great number of bacteria lasted after 24 hours.On the other hand, there was no increasing in bacteria count in the treatment group.After introducing MMC, dLHT was administered orally for five days.Two days after the last administration, spleen cells were removed, and phagocytic cells and lymphocytes were passively transferred into recipient mice whose bone marrows were inhibited.MRSA was injected into the peritoneal cavity of the mice thereafter, and the survival rate was observed.After two weeks, all the mice which were injected with phagocytes survived longer, but the survival rate in the group that were injected with lymphocytes was only 40% (Figure 1).

Survey of White Blood Cell after dLHT Administration
The bone marrow suppressed mice were administered herbal decoction dLHT 1 g/kg dairy for 5 times and after 2 weeks later, their blood were withdrawn from their tail vain.Then, leukocytes were counted the using Bürker-Türk solution.

Survey of Leukocyte Subsets after dLHT Administration
The bone marrow suppressed mice were administered herbal decoction dLHT 1 g/kg dairy for 5 days, and after 2 weeks, their blood was withdrawn from their tail vain.Then, granulocytes and lymphocytes were counted using Bürker-Türk solution.

Survey of Macrophage Activity, Migration after dLHT Administration
Cells of peritoneal exudates were collect from the peritoneal cavity of bone marrow.The cell suspension was purified by adherent technique for phagocyte, which resulted in over 95% of cells being phagocytes.The purified cells were adjusted to 1 × 10 4 cell/ml and loaded at the upper chamber of Boyden chamber for test migration.Human serum was incubated at 56˚C for 30 min for the chemotactic agent for mouse phagocyte [19]- [22].

Macrophage Activity, Phagocytosis
The same cells suspension was purified by adherent technique for phagocyte, which resulted in over 95% of cells being phagocytes.The purified cells were adjusted to 1 × 10 4 cell/cm 2 and mixed with latex beads which are 5 μm in granule with fluorescence isochianate.After 90 min of incubation, the remained granules were washed out from the glass slide and counting was done automatically by ACAS system, which made digital presentation, to evaluate phagocytic cell in number and their ability to catch up the latex beads (Adherent Cell Activity Evaluating System, Shimazu, Kyoto, Japan).

Recovery of Macrophage Activity, Target Cell Killing
The same phagocytes suspension was purified by adherent technique for phagocyte, which resulted in over 95% Experimental design was dialoged in the figure.8-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were prepared as experimentally bone marrow suppressed animals.Herbal decoctions dLHT (500 mg/kg/day) were administered just after MMC injection.After one month later of TCM administration, each group of mice were server for each experiment.For the infectious experiment, the mice were challenged with 1 × 10 6 of MRSA via peritoneal.Then the number of MRSA in the organ and survival rate were followed up to two weeks. of cells being phagocytes.The purified cells were adjusted to 1 × 10 5 cell/ml and the macrophage migration, the phagocytic activity, and the bactericidal activity were examined by the Boyden chamber method, by the phagocytosis of sheep blood cells, and by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test [23]- [27].

Recovery of Lymphocyte Activity, Antibody Secreting Cell
The bone marrow suppressed mice were administered herbal decoction dLHT and BYT 8 g/kg dairy for 10 times.After 2 weeks, mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells, (2 × 10 8 /mouse) intraperitoneally.Five days later, their spleen cells were collected and plague-forming cells (PFC) were develop and tested the ability of IgM and IgG antibody production using the method reported by Jerne and Nordin [28] [29].

Effects on Drug Sensitivity
So as to test the effect of herbal decoction dLHT on the drug sensitivities of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, dLHT were directory co-cultured with the each bacterium.The strains of clinical origin were H. influluenzae I-105, H. influluenzae I-147, E. coli ML 4901/Rms212, E. coli ML 4901/Rms213, E. coli ML 4901/Rte16, E. coli ML. 4901/Rms149, and P. aeruginosa PAO0214/pMG26.Each bacterium was co-cultured with either 3 mg/ml or 30 mg/ml of dLHT.The bacteria were co-cultured with or without dLHT and amino benzylpenicillin.After 120 min of culture at 37˚C, remained ABPC were estimated.

Experimental Infection by MRSA
Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were injected with MMC at a dosage of 5 mg/kg to inhibit the bone marrow, thus creating a mouse model with the reduced immunopotential.The decoction of dLHT was administered orally at a dosage of 1 g/kg/day for five consecutive days, with or without a intraperitoneal injection of vancomycin (10 mg/kg) per day in the combined group for herbal medicine and antibiotics.For the infection of MRSA, 5 × 10 8 CFU were injected intraperitoneally, and their survival were followed up for 4 weeks.

Kinetics of Intra-Organ Number of Bacteria
Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were injected with MMC at a dosage of 5 mg/kg to inhibit the bone marrow, thus creating a mouse model with the reduced immunopotential.The decoction of dLHT was administered orally at a dosage of 500 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days, and 10 mg/kg of vancomycin was injected intraperitoneally once a day in the combined-treatment group for herbal medicine and antibiotics.To induce the infection of MRSA, 1 × 10 9 or 5 × 10 8 cells were injected intraperitoneally.Each 5 days, mice were sacrificed to check the intra-bacterial number/bacterial clearance.Their blood and liver were harvested to test the number of bacteria.For this experiment, their liver was homogenized by Teflon homogenizer at 100 rpm/one minute in the ice chilled basket.Then cultured by agar plate made by BHI medium (Nissui Co Ltd., Tokyo).

Kinetics of Survival Curb in Mice
After preparing reduced immunopotential mice model, the decoction of dLHT was administered orally at a dosage of 500 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days, and 10 days later their phagocyte and lymphocyte were separated.Then they were intraperitoneally challenged with 5 × 10 8 cells of MRSA.The survival was followed up for 4 weeks.

Adoptive Transfer Experiment for Identify the Critical Cell for Augment against MRSA Infection
The immune-suppressed C57BL/6J mice were administered the extract of dLHT orally at a dosage of 500 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days.Ten days later their phagocyte and lymphocyte were separated.Then the mice were adoptively injected either phagocyte or lymphocyte (1 × 10 5 cell/ head).Then they were challenged with MRSA, 5 × 10 8 cells intraperitoneally, and their survival was followed up to 4 weeks.

Statistical Analysis
Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations.The association between the baseline and changes after the treatment of hemopoitic formula were analyzed in each individual using a one-tailed analysis of variance.A P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Clinical Trial in Infection Control Bed Side
Six elderly MRSA-infected patients, whose age ranged from 78 to 91 years, were selected and provided written informed consent.This clinical trial was approved by ethics committee in Kanazawa Medical University.Four patients were administered orally with an extract of dLHT at a dosage of 5.25 g/day.The clinical findings and laboratory results were observed continuously.Blood test and bacterial check were routine for inpatients in Kanazawa Medical University Hospital.

Recovery of White Blood Cell by dLHT
The peripheral blood leukocytes were reduced to 20% in bone marrow-suppressed mice two weeks after MMC injection.The leukocyte count recovered to 57.1% of baseline in the dLHT group, 14 days after administration of the herbal decoction of dLHT at a dose of 1 g/kg/day for 5 days (Figure 2).

Recovery of Leukocyte Subsets
The bone marrow-suppressed mice were administered herbal decoction dLHT 1 g/kg/day for 10 days.One week later, levels of lymphocyte, granulocyte, and monocyte in the peripheral blood from the tail vein were counted using flow cytometry.MMC, at a dosage of 5 mg/kg, decreased the level of granulocyte.However, administered herbal decoction dLHT recover the leukocyte proportion almost to the level of normal control (Table 1).

Recovery of Macrophage Activity, Migration
The bone marrow-suppressed mice were administered herbal decoction of dLHT at 1 g/kg/day for 5 days, and 1 week later, cells in peritoneal exudates were collected from peritoneal cavity.The cell suspension was purified  by adherent technique for phagocyte, which resulted in over 95% of cells being phagocytes.The purified cells were adjusted to 1 × 10 6 cell/ml and loaded at the upper chamber of Boyden chamber for test migration.Human serum that has been treated at 56˚C for 30 min was used as the chemotactic agent for mouse phagocytes.MMC treatment brought depression of migration activity (P < 0.05), while dLHT administration increase their migration to 90% as compared to the normal control (Figure 3).

Recovery of Macrophage Activity, Phagocytosis by dLHT
The cell suspension was purified by adherent technique for phagocyte, which resulted in over 95% of cells being phagocytes.The purified cells were adjusted to 1 × 10 4 cell/cm 2 and mixed with latex beads 5um in granule with fluorescence isocyanate.After incubated for 90 minutes, remained granule were washed out from the glass slide and counting automatically by ACAS system.The phagocytic activity of MMC-treated mice was clearly depressed both in number and function (Figures 4(a)-(d)).

Recovery of Macrophage Activity, Killing
The bone marrow suppressed mice were administered herbal decoction dLHT 1 g/kg/day for 10 days.One week later, cells in peritoneal exudates were collected from the peritoneal cavity.The cell suspension was purified by adherent technique for phagocyte, which resulted in over 95% of cells being phagocytes.The purified cells were adjusted to 1 × 10 6 cell/ml to perform the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test.Activity of macrophage was decreased significantly in MMC-treated mice, whereas, dHLT treatment recovered their activity to normal level (Figure 5).

Recovery of Lymphocyte Activity, Antibody Secreting Cell
The bone marrow suppressed mice were administered herbal decoction dLHT and BYT 8 g/kg/day for 10 days as positive control.Two weeks later, mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells (2 × 10 8 /mouse) intraperitoneally.Four and six days later, their plague-forming cells (PFC) were developed and antibody producing ability for IgM and IgG was tested by the method reported by Jerne and Nordin [28] [29].In this mice system, MMC did not reduced the antibody forming cell in statically significant level.The tendency was the same as shown in the former section (Figure 6).

Effects on Drug Sensitivity
So as to test the effect of herbal decoction dHLT on the drug sensitivities of multidrug-sensitive bacteria MRSA, dHLT were directory co-cultured with the bacteria.The strains of clinical origin were H. influluenzae I-105, H. influluenzae I-147, E. coli ML 4901/Rms212, E. coli ML 4901/Rms213, E. coli ML 4901/Rte16, E. coli ML 4901/Rms149, P. aeruginosa PAO0214/pMG26.Each bacterium was co-cultured with either 3 mg/ml or 30 mg/ml with dLHT in the presence of amino benzyl penicillin.After the co-culture with herbal decoction, and multi-resistant bacterial strains turned to sensitive at least for amino benzyle penicillin.Moreover, the relative inhibition was dose-dependent to the concentration of dLHT (Table 2).

Effects of dLHT on Survival Rate in MRSA-Infected Mice
The infection experiment was designed to integrate with the above results, exhibiting the augmentation of each component of host defense factors.Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were injected with MMC at a dosage of 5 mg/kg to inhibit the bone marrow, thus a mouse model with the reduced immunopotential was created.The decoction of dLHT were administered orally at a dosage of 1g/kg/day for five consecutive days, and 10 mg/kg of vancomycin was injected intraperitoneally once a day for the combined-treatment group of herbal medicine and antibiotics.For the infection of MRSA, 1 × 10 9 or 5 × 10 8 bacteria were injected intraperitoneally, and their survival were followed up to 4 weeks.Figure 7 shows that the antibiotics plus dLHT group survived much longer than groups of dLHT alone and antibiotics alone.

Adoptive Transfer Experiment for Identify the Critical Point for Augment against MRSA Infection
The total estimation of host augmentation, adoptive transfer experiment was performed to identify the factor of activated site by dLHT.Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were injected with MMC at a dosage of 5 mg/kg to inhibit the bone marrow, to create a mouse model of reduced immunopotential.An extract of dLHT in powder form was administered orally at a dosage of 500 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days.Ten days later their      phagocyte and lymphocyte were separated.Then the mice were adoptively injected either phagocyte or lymphocyte (1 × 10 5 cell/ head).Then they were challenged intraperitoneally with 5 × 10 8 cells of MRSA.Their survival was followed up until the fourth week.The survival rate of the group that was transferred with phagocytic cell was kept 100% during the two weeks after MRSA challenge.After the administration of dLHT, the number of white blood cells in MMC-treated mice was increase to 80% of that of the control group.In addition, the relative phagocytic activity of macrophages increased to 50% of that of the control group, while that of non-treated group was only 20% (Figure 8).The bactericidal activity also recovered to the level close to the normal value The ratio in neutrophils in dLHT administered MMC-treated group increased to 2.2% (normal mice, 2.6%), whereas that in MMC-treated group was only 0.5%.The bacteria count in the liver of MRSA-challenged mice with and without dLHT administration peaked six hours after the challenge.However, the number of bacteria in the group with dLHT administration was much greater than that of the group without dLHT administration.The bacteria count in the blood showed an increase at the 12th and 24th hours after the challenge.Even 24 hours after MRSA challenge, a significant number of bacteria remained in the blood of the group without dLHT administration, whereas only a small number of cells were detected 6 hours after the challenge, and the bacterial number was gradually decreased thereafter in the group of dLHT administration (Figure 8).MRSA-challenged MMC-treated mice were treated by dLHT, vancomycin, or dLHT combined with vancomycin.All of the nontreated mice died eight days after the MRSA challenge, whereas the survival rates in the dLHT group was 60%, that of vancomycin group was 40%, and that of dLHT and vancomycin-combined group was 80% (Figure 8).All of dLHT administered MMC-treated mice, to which the phagocytic cells prepared from MMC-treated mice with dLHT administration had adoptively been transferred, survived after the MRSA challenge.On the other hand, the survival rate of MMC-treated mice, to which the lymphocytes prepared from the same mice had adoptively been transferred, was 40% (Figure 8).

Clinical Trial in Infection Control in Bed Side
Six patients were recruited for this trial.They were inpatient in substantially infection control bed from outpatient for their nosocomial infection by MRSA.The original focuses were atrial attack and cerebral bleeding by hypertension and low value of serum albumin.Two of the same type of patients attended as control for the disagreement by their family.There were no new antibiotics in the commercial base for hospital, selecting the augmentation of host defense immunity.We selected four candidate herbalmedicines that augment blood cells in number and functions in previous studies.Based on the research in the MMC-generated immunocompromised host, dHLT is the best herbal medicine for both augmentation of host immune factors and increased sensitivity of MRSA to antibiotics.All four cases with dLHT treatment showed culture results of MRSA negative after the dLHT administration.The MRSA culture became negative within 50 days after the initial administration in four of the six subjects (Figure 9).In the control group, one case needed more than 100 days to become MRSAnegative and another died from the infection (Figure 10).One representative case is a 78-year-old woman suffering from hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and cerebral bleeding in the right occipital lobe.During the antibiotic therapy for Streptococcus pneumoniae, MRSA appeared.The antibiotic therapy was halted and the dLHT administration started.The culture result became negative in three weeks after the dLHT treatment.In addition, serum protein and albumin values also returned to the values that they had had before the infection of MRSA (Figure 9 and Figure 10).

Discussion
When dLHT was administered orally in mouse models whose immunopotential had been inhibited, the herbal  medicine activated the phagocytes both quantitatively and qualitatively, indicating dLHT to be an effective interstitial medicine [29]- [34].In addition, based on the data from both the animal models and the clinical trial, no side effects were observed, confirming the complete efficacy of the drug.Of late, as we move towards a society with a high percentage of elderly people, the authors speculate that this Chinese herbal medicine which activates the immunopotential would be very helpful in the treatment of opportunistic infections that are commonly seen among the elder patients in the developed countries [35]- [40].
At the time of this clinical trial, vancomycin was not commercially available, so there were no suitable antibiotics for MRSA patients.Thereafter, vancomysin was purchased from markets with governmental approval.However, bacteria which are resistant against new drug might emerge after several years' use.So the trial to host immune defense enhanced by herbal decoction is important for infections of microorganisms.
This study selected dLHT because this formula was composed of several single herbs, which possessed the effects of augmentation of blood cell number and function.In a famous China textbook for herbal formulae in Qin Dynasty, the only descriptive is found stating that dLHT is effective for fever.Therefore, this formula is minor, not listed up in Japanese authorized herbal formulae for government.
From a pharmaceutical stand point of view, dLHT is composed with several anti-septic harbs, supposing the effect of dLHT for infection came from anti-septic effect.So we tried to compare dLHT, BYT and SDT against clinical derived MRSA in vitro agar plate.However, dLHT was not significantly effective for direct anti-septic effect for MRSA.So we conclude our result that, dLHT affects host immune activity especially for macrophage phagocytosis for this MRSA infection system.
In a simultaneous report, we tried to identify some herbal formulae which could augment blood cells in number and function in Shi-Quan-Da-Bu-Tang and Bu-Zong-Ye-Qi-Tang.dLHT exhibited has a similar character with Shi-Quan-Da-Bu-Tang, which also augments granulocyte/phagocyte.
Abo pointed out that he could differentiate granulocyte rich type from lymphocyte rich type according to the constitution.He reported that gentleman sorted out for G-rich type; on the other hand, ladies are lymphocyte rich type in the same.Within the gentleman G-rich type turned to L-rich-type at the senile.So in general, young people are recommended to employ Bu-Zong-Ye-Qi-Tang.On the other hand, senile is good for Shi-Quan-Da-Bu-Tang [36]- [41].

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Experimental design was dialoged in the figure.8-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were prepared as experimentally bone marrow suppressed animals.Herbal decoctions dLHT (500 mg/kg/day) were administered just after MMC injection.After one month later of TCM administration, each group of mice were server for each experiment.For the infectious experiment, the mice were challenged with 1 × 10 6 of MRSA via peritoneal.Then the number of MRSA in the organ and survival rate were followed up to two weeks.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. The capacity of dLHT on total white blood cell recovery.After the dLHT administration for 2 weeks.the peripheral blood were collected from the tail vain and counted by Bűrkel-Tűrk counter.Data are expressed as the means ± SE. * P < 0.01, MMC versus MMC + dLHT group.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3.The effect on macrophage migration by dLHT after administrating MMC.The procedure of treatment was the same as in Figure 2. The macrophage migration capacity was detected by millipore membrane method separated by 0.25 μm in diameter.Data are expressed as the means ± SE. * P < 0.05, MMC versus MMC + dLHT group.

Figure 4 . 2 . 2 . 2 . 2 .
Figure 4. (a) A classical presentation of macrophagephagocytosis agaist microorganism by dLHT after administrating MMC.The procedure of treatment was the same in Figure 2. The macrophage migration capacity in Normal control was detected by computer analysis, ACAS.Data are expressed as the means ± SE. * P < 0.01, MMC versus MMC + dLHT group; (b) CG presentation for the effect on macrophage phagocytosis against latex beads by normal mice.Cells from peritoneal exudates were collect from the peritoneal cavity.The cell suspension was purified by adherent technique for phagocyte, which resulted in over 95% of cells being phagocytes.The purified cells were adjusted to 1 × 10 4 cell/ml in the slass slide.The procedure of treatment was the same in Figure 2. The macrophage phagocytosis capacity after MMC administration was detected by computer analysis, by ACAS; (c) CG presentation for the effect on macrophage phagocytosis against latex beads after administrating MMC.The procedure of treatment was the same in Figure 2. The macrophage migration capacity was detected by computer analysis, ACAS.The data was shown from MMC-treated mice; (d) CG presentation for the effect on macrophage phagocytosis against latex beads by dHLT after administrating MMC.The procedure of treatment was the same in Figure 2. The macrophage migration capacity was detected by computer analysis, ACAS.The data was shown from MMC-treated and dLHLT rescued mice.

Figure 5 .
Figure 5.The effect on macrophage killing activity revealed with NBT reduction test by dHLT after administrating MMC.The procedur of treatment was the same in Figure 2, except that the killing activity was detected by Nitro-blue Tetrazolium.Data are expressed as the means ± SE. * P < 0.001, MMC versus MMC + dLHT group.

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.The infection test was tried to express number of micro organisms in each lymphoid organ.The number of MRSA counting in the organ that experimentally infected by 5 × 10 6 of microorganisms.Data are expressed as the means ± SE. * P < 0.001, MMC versus MMC + dLHT group.

Figure 7 .
Figure 7.The experimental infection test.The test were performed by the mice divided into 4 group.The groups were consisted by normal, MMC-treated, MMCtreated + dHLT, MMC-treated + dLHT plus chemotherapeutic agency vancomycin.Each survival was followed up to six week.

Figure 8 .
Figure 8.The adoptive transfer of leukocyte sublet.The leukocyte from MMC treated and dLHT administered mice were separated granulocyte and lymphocyte.One week later, 5 × 10 5 MRSA were challenged and followed up their survival rate.

Figure 9 .
Figure 9. Human bed side test.The trial was done for stroke and/or heart infarction patient after informed and consented.Trial schedule and chemical data were show in the figure.The herbal decoction, 8 g/head of dLHT was administered daily for at least one month.Then MRSA were chased by collecting sputa from the patient.The blood chemical data were shown in the figure.

Figure 10 .
Figure 10.Time course presentation of MRSA from the sanple of patient.Human bed side test was done for the patient who were suffering heat infarction positive with administrating dLHT.The herbal decoction, 8 g/head of dLHT was administered daily for at least one month.Then MRSA were chased by collecting sputa from the patient.The MRSA containing from the patient sample were shown in the figure.

Table 1 .
Flow cytometric analysis of white blood cell subsets in mice.
a Normal mice; b MitomycinC (MMC)-treated mice; c MMC-treated mice with dLHT administration.

Table 2 .
Effect on drug sensitivity by dHLT to multi & high dose resistant clinical strain of bacteria.