Microbial Diversity in Patients with Gastroduodenal Diseases

H. pylori infection is mainly spread in the kind of gastroduodenal diseases: chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, MALT-lymphoma, gastric cancer. According to certain literature, the mentioned bacterium causes diseases of other visceral organs of humans. Study of the aggravating impact of this infection is under the attention of the scientists. However, other infectious agents, including fungi, other bacteria, parasites, and viruses and their role in different gastroduodenal diseases are not studied enough. The aim of our study was to identify mucous (pa-rietal) gastroduodenal microflora in patients with different diseases of this zone. 390 patients with chronic ga-stritis (CG), peptic ulcer diseases (PUD) and gastric cancer (GC) were included in the study. The resection materials and biopsy specimens were taken during the operation or endoscopy procedures. Identification of strains H. pylori, Candida spp and others was performed by established methods, on the basis of morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties. Microflora of patients with different gastroduodenal diseases is diverse enough. It is represented by facultative, obligate anaerobes, microaeropilic bacteria. More frequently, there were H. pylori and Candida sp, as well as in associations and monocultures. The obtained results confirmed the wide distribution of H. pylori and Candida spp and their frequent coexistence in patients with gastric cancer, chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Microflora of patients with CG and GC was represented on 11 species. Micro-flora of patients with PUD-13 species was more diverse.


Introduction
The gastrointestinal tract from oral cavity to distal colon represents a variety of habitats with the stomach being the most extreme one [1].Older studies attempted to cultivate organisms from the gastric juices or mucosal biopsies.It was generally assumed that very few bacteria were able to survive in the strongly acidic environment of the stomach [2,3].Studies demonstrate that relatively few bacteria are resident in the stomach and those that are found are through to be simply passing through.However, studies have used a metagenomic approach to investigating the gastric mucosa in individuals [4,5].Results of these studies illustrate that the stomach has abundant and diverse microfloras with high inter-subject variation.The main phylotypes are identified belonging to the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria with the major component being the Firmicutes [6].More recently culture independent studies of the stomach have been conducted to detect and quantify specific pathogens, such as H. pylori [1].H. pylori infection represents a key factor in the etiology of various gastrointestinal diseases, ranging from chronic active gastritis without clinical symptoms to peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma [2,7,8].Gastric pathology can be caused by other infectious agents, including fungi, other bacteria, parasites, and viruses.These infectious agents are frequently part of a systemic process in which the re-sulting gastric pathology is one of the manifestations.Other microorganisms cause primary gastric pathology.Analysis of relationship between selected disorders of upper gastrointestinal tract and infection with H. pylori and/or Candida spp revealed a link between coexistence of H. pylori with Candida and gastric ulcers suggesting synergism of those microorganism in pathogenesis of the disease [9].The role of gastroduodenal mucous microflora in ulcer and gastritis course is studied.New approaches to effective treatment of gastroduodenal diseases may be developed with consideration of dysbacteriosis [10].Study of the aggravating impact of this infection is under the attention of the scientists.
Considering the above said, the aim of our study was to identify mucous (parietal) gastroduodenal microflora in patients with different diseases of this zone.

Materials and Methods
390 patients with chronic gastritis (CG), peptic ulcer diseases (PUD) and gastric cancer (GC) were included in the study.The resection materials and biopsy specimens were obtained during the operation or endoscopy procedures.Identification of strains H. pylori, Candida spp and other were performed by established methods, on the basis of morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties [11,12].The microflora of patients with CG and GC was represented by 11 species.There was a more diverse microflora in patients with PUD-13 species.

Frequency of microorganisms listed in
We compared microflora in H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients (Tables 2 and 3).

Conclusion
The obtained results show that microflora of patients with different gastroduodenal diseases is diverse enough.It is represented by facultative, obligate anaerobes, microaeropilic bacteria.There were more frequent H. pylori and Candida spp, as well as in associations and monocultures.These results confirm the wide spread of H. pylori and Candida spp and their frequent coexistence in patients with gastric cancer, chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.The microflora of patients with CG and GC was represented by 11 species.Microflora in patients with PUD-13 species was more diverse.