Stabilization of Unknown Nonlinear Discrete-Time Delay Systems Based on Neural Network

This paper discusses about the stabilization of unknown nonlinear discrete-time fixed state delay systems. The unknown system nonlinearity is approximated by Chebyshev neural network (CNN), and weight update law is presented for approximating the system nonlinearity. Using appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional the stability of the nonlinear system is ensured by the solution of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a relevant example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


Introduction
Over the past few decades, time-delay systems have drawn much attention from researchers throughout the world.This is due to their important role in many practical systems.A number of research results concerning time-delay systems exist in literature [1][2][3][4][5][6] and the references therein.As time-delay is a main source of instability and poor performance, considerable attention has been given for analysis and synthesis of such systems.
Since most of the physical systems are in continuous time, a considerable amount of attention has been payed to stability and control of continuous-time linear systems with delay [7][8][9][10][11].Delay independent and, less conservative, delay dependent sufficient stability conditions in terms of Riccati or linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) have been derived by using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) or Lyapunov-Razumikhin functions.For continuous-time systems with uncertain, non-small delay a new construction of the LKF has been introduced in [12].To a nominal LKF, which is appropriate to the nominal system (with nominal delays), terms are added which correspond to the perturbed system and which vanish when the delay perturbations approaches to zero [3].Discretetime delay systems have drawn less attention as compared to continuous-time delay systems.For linear discrete-time delay systems, the contribution in [13] is worth mentioning.In [13], the delay involved in the system is removed at the cost of increased order of the system.However, the systems involving large delays, the proposed scheme in [13] is invariably leads to large scale systems.Furthermore, for systems with unknown or time-varying delays the proposed technique in [13] cannot be applied.In [14], delay dependent and independent conditions have been derived for determining the asymptotic stability of discrete-time systems with uncertain delay, time varying delay and norm-bounded uncertainties.Robust stability and guaranteed cost control problem is solved in [3], for discrete-time delay systems.The work on delay-dependent robust stabilization of uncertain discrete-time state-delayed systems is proposed in [15].
For continuous-time delay nonlinear systems the work on adaptive neural network control with unknown time delays is reported in [16].Adaptive neural control of nonlinear time-delay systems with unknown virtual control coefficients is proposed in [17].In [18] work is presented on adaptive neural control for a class of nonlinearly parametric time-delay system.Backstepping control for a class of delayed nonlinear systems with input constraints is reported in [19].Fuzzy approximation based adaptive control of strict-feedback nonlinear systems with time delays is shown in [20].
In [21] problem of feedback stabilization of nonlinear discrete-time systems with delays is explained.In this by using the Lyapunov-Razumikhin approach, general conditions for stabilizing the closed-loop system is derived.The stability analysis of discrete-time systems with time varying state-delay is shown in [22].By defining a new Lyapunov functions and by making use of novel techniques to achieve delay dependence, several new conditions are obtained for the asymptotic stability of these systems.The problem of designing nonlinear observers for dynamic discrete-time systems with both constant and time-varying delay nonlinearities is addressed in [23].In [23] the nonlinear system is assumed to verify the usual Lipschitz condition that permits to transform the nonlinear system into a linear time-delay system with structured uncertainties.An optimal control scheme for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems with time delays in both state and control variables with respect to a quadratic performance index function using adaptive dynamic programming is presented in [24].State feedback stabilization of discrete-time delay nonlinear system is reported in [25].In [25] a simple LMI condition is obtained for asymptotic stabilization through an appropriate Lyapunov function and judicious mathematical manipulations.An explicit state feedback law is provided that may be seen as a generalization of the existing results.
The main significance of this paper is to guarantee the stabilization of the unknown single-input-single-output (SISO) delayed systems.The unknown nonlinear functions of the system are approximated through Chebyshev neural networks (CNNs).Through a suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, conditions are derived to guarantee the stabilization of the nonlinear system in terms of simple LMIs.The organization of this paper is as follows: The CNN structure is presented in Section 2. Problem formulation is given in Section 3. The stability analysis is detailed in Section 4. To show the effectiveness of proposed scheme simulation results are reported in Section 5.The note ends with conclusion in Section 6.
Notations: • denotes Euclidean norm, F • tr implies Frobenius norm.The stands for trace of matrix.Upper subscript T is the transpose of matrix and the symmetric entries in a symmetric matrix are given by * .

CNN Structure
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) emerged as powerful learning technique to perform complex tasks in highly nonlinear dynamic environment.Some of the basic advantages of ANN models are: their ability to learn on the basis of optimization of an appropriate error function and their excellent performance for approximation of nonlinear functions.As an alternative to multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF) networks have been considered, primarily because of its simple structure.The RBF networks can learn functions with local variations and discontinuities effectively and also possess universal approximation capability [26].This network represents a function of interest by using members of family of compactly or locally supported basis functions, out of which radially-symmetric Gaussian functions, are found to be quite popular.A RBF network has been proposed for effective identification of nonlinear dynamic systems [27,28].In these networks, however, choosing an appropriate set of RBF centers for effective learning still remains a problem.
The major drawback of feed forward neural network such as a MLP trained with back propagation (BP) algorithm is that it requires a large amount of computation for learning.A single-layer functional link artificial neural network (FLANN) in which the need of hidden layer is eliminated by expanding the input pattern using Chebyshev polynomials.The main advantage of this network is that it requires much less computation as compared to a multilayer perceptron (MLP) [29].
The structure of Chebyshev neural network (CNN) is shown in Figure 1 CNN is a functional link network (FLN) based on Chebyshev polynomials.There are two main parts in the architecture of CNN, namely, numerical transformation part and learning part.Numerical transformation deals with input to hidden layer by approximate transformable method.The transformation is a functional expansion (FE) of input pattern comprising of a finite set of Chebyshev polynomials.As a result the Chebyshev polynomials basis can be viewed as a new input vector.The learning part is a functional-link neural network based on Chebyshev polynomials [30][31][32][33].The Chebyshev polynomials can be obtained by a recursive formula


where,  i are Chebyshev polynomials, i is the order of polynomials chosen and here x is a scalar quantity.The different choices of The output of single layer neural network is given by where, are the weights and  is the suitable basis function of neural network.Based on the approximation property of CNN [30][31][32][33], there exist ideal weights w, so that the function   to be approximated can be represented as where,  is the CNN functional reconstruction error vector and   N  is bounded.
Approximation of complex nonlinear systems becomes easier as CNN is a single layer neural network.

Problem Formulation
Consider the discrete-time nonlinear system with a fixed known delay [25]  where, denote the state and input vectors respectively at time instant .A and d k A are constant matrices of appropriate dimensions.
is a unknown nonlinear function of a given system in (4), and h is a positive known number representing delay.
For the system (4) the stabilizing controller is chosen as where g x k


is the approximated value of unknown system function The objective of the current work is to ensure the stability and performance of the nonlinear system (4), using the controller ( 5) and appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (11).

Stability Analysis
For the stability analysis, the following assumptions are needed to proceed.• denotes the Fro- benius norm, i.e. given a matrix A, the Frobenius norm is given by [34], , where is a symmetric matrix, and  are the n-column vectors.Equation ( 4) can be rewritten as where The main results are as follows: Theorem 1: Suppose there exist an positive-definite matrix P, an n nonnegative-definite matrix Q, and n  symmetric matrix G such that following LMIs holds, H1) and H2) 0 where PG

  and
T G PG   then, the nonlinear d elay system (4) ensures the stability the control law in (5) and weight tuning algorithm iscrete-time d with where, Substituting ( 12)-( 14) in ( 11) and Since P is a positive-definite and Q is a no tive-definite, Substitutin ( 16) in (17), g (15) and Using Assumption 1 in (19) and further solving (19), In (20) collecting the terms together, substitute control law from ( 5), adding and subtracting some terms to make perfect square yields, (20) where,
lating the nonquadratic terms using the folequality (which turns into equality if and only if a = b) we get (28).

 
V k  is guaranteed to remain negative as long as Since in (28) the first four quadratic terms are negative, next four terms are satisfying LMI in (8), and remaining last four terms are satisfying LMI in (9).Therefore, we can conclude that the system (4) is stable with control law (5) and two LMIs in ( 8) and (9).

Simulation Results
A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the performance and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Consider the non-linear discrete-time delay sy with the following parameters [25]: Copyright © 2012 SciRes.
The delay time to be 2 h  .The initial condi on of    x and 2 x .Figure 4 displays the control input signal.Clearly, simulation results verify our theoretical findings and show the effectiveness of proposed scheme.

Conclusion
In this paper the problem of stabilization in discrete-time delay nonlinear system is studied, where the system dynamics is assumed to be unknown.The unknown nonlinear functions of the system are approximated through CNN.Two LMIs derived here are sufficient to characterize the controller, which ensures the stability for the resulting closed loop system.A numerical example, with fixed known delay, has been provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and the applicability of the proposed approach.

Assumption 1 :
(Bounded Ideal NN Weights): The ideal NN weights are bounded so that F M , with w w  M w a known bound.The symbol F

Figures 2
Figures 2 and 3 show the responses of state variables