Study of the Effect of Food Habit , Lifestyle and Daily Trip on Physical and Mental Status of Subjects at Islamic University in Kushtia , Bangladesh *

This is a qualitative (study that used framework analysis) to examine by interviews among University personnel who live inside and outside the Islamic University campus in Kushtia, Bangladesh. In the present study, we found that subjects who live inside of the University feel better physically and mentally than the nonresident subjects. It was found that residents are more fit and feel better during and after class time. Resident subjects have less stress and maintain balanced diet for which they have good average BMI value than the nonresident subjects. In addition nonresident subjects have suffered diseases comparatively much more than resident subjects.


Introduction
A person's life style, mental health and physical health are closely related.They often affect one another.Recent research on psycho physiology revealed that some mental health problems/mental stress conditions can cause physical ailments.Lifestyle factors, mental and physical stress, food habit etc can also influence the onset and progression of various diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus (type 1 & type 2), [1] infectious disease [2], myocardial ischaemia [3], cell aging [4], inherited long QT syndrome, coronary heart disease [4], mutation in DNA sequence, immune system disorders and other problems.Some time the use of psychological techniques can even reduce the risk of these most major diseases [4].
Increasing evidence suggests that diet and lifestyle in childhood and adolescence also have a potential lifelong effect on risks for many chronic diseases.The risk for diabetes was almost 2-fold higher in subjects aged > 40 compared with the age group 20 -30, systolic BP > 140 mm Hg, and waist hip ratio (WHR) for men.Significant association of BMI and type 2 diabetes was also observed for females.BMI > 30 showed to be exceedingly risky state for the occurrence of diabetes [5,6].
Since there have been very few studies on this issue in Asian countries, the present questionnaire survey was elucidated to investigate the relationship between food habit, various stressful life events and disease onset and prognosis in a community of a public University of Bangladesh.Islamic University, Kushtia is situated on the boundary between two districts Kushtia and Jhenaidah.It is 24.5 km away from Kushtia town, 23.5 km away from Jhenaidah town and 15 km away from Shailkupa.Every day students, teachers, and staffs are transported from these three towns who reside there, to the University campus.And after that time they are transported back to their resident by the University bus.This daily trip can cause mental and physical stress to a person.There are six halls for students (four for males and two for females) in university campus.Their capacity is approximately 2200.There are 7 quarters for teachers and staff, a dorm for teacher in University campus.The teacher, staff and student who stay in campus generally do not need to travel daily to Kushtia, Jhenaidah or Shailkupa.There, it is reasonable to assume they do not have same kind of stress than others.There is a small group of student and staff who neither live inside University campus nor Kushtia, Jhenaidah or Shailkupa.They live within 1 km of area from campus and they have different mode of transportation.In the present study, we aimed to find the effect of food habit, lifestyle and daily trip on physical and mental status among the subjects who live inside the campus and outside the campus.

Study Subjects
This is a qualitative study that used framework analysis to examine interviews among University personnel including teacher, student, and staff.The study comprised 208 subjects (184 students, 17 staffs, 7 teachers).Among them 112 were male and 96 were female.The subjects were randomly chosen.All participants were interviewed by using standard questionnaires that evaluated lifestyle habits, food habits, trip habit, clinical and biological characteristics, etc.In this work, we included 160 smokers and 45 nonsmokers.To join the study, the participant had to sign a written informed consent (there they all agree about publishing the study result).Because the study simulates the usual practice in University in Bangladesh, an ethical approval was not necessary.

Statistical Analysis
The number of enrolled participants was found to be adequate to evaluate two-sided standardized differences between the subgroups of the study.Dietary assessment/ food intake variables, socio-demographic and lifestyle variables, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical characteristics (BMI), physical activity variables, trip variables and stamina variables are presented in absolute and relative frequencies.Associations between categorical variables were evaluated by means Pearson's correlation test, while differences between categorical and several biochemical, clinical and nutritional variables were evaluated, i.e. standardized residuals against fitted values.All reported p-values are based on two-sided tests and compared to a significance level of 0.05 and 0.01.SPSS 10 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software was used for all the statistical calculations.

Results
From Table 1, it is evident that nonresident subjects do more physical exercise then resident person.It is observed that the resident subjects have higher percentage of normal BMI than nonresident person.On the other hand, nonresident people are either more over weight or underweight than resident subjects.There is a significant correlation between nonresident and resident personnel's BMI (0.230 at 0.05 level).So the correlation proves that there is good relationship between residence and BMI.
It is clear that nonresident subjects suffer from different diseases than resident subjects.They also suffered higher rates of hereditary disease, skin disease, blood ence in food habit between resident and nonresident subjects with respect to meat and fish consumption.But in case of mix food resident subjects like it more than the nonresident subjects.On the other hand, higher percentage of resident person studies more than six hours.This data shows that more resident subjects maintain balanced diet then than the nonresident subjects.

Discussion
Many studies show that poor physical health outcomes Table 1 illustrates the sleeping habit pattern of resident and nonresident subjects.The data shows higher percentages of nonresident person go to bed early than resident person.The data shows that higher percentage of nonresident persons wake up early in the morning then the resident person.There is significant correlation present between residence and wake up time at 0.05 levels (-0.164).Significant correlation also present between residence and bed time.It is found that there is good relationship between residence and wake up time (-0.164 at 0.05 level), residence and bed time (0.238 at 0.01 level) (Table 2).Figure 1 shows the relationship between resident and nonresident subject's mental and physical feelings just after coming to campus and in classroom.Resident person physically and mentally feel better than the nonresident person during and after class hour.It is found that there is good relationship between residence and physical feelings (0.145 at 0.05 level), residence and mental feelings (0.298 at 0.01 level).
Several of the studies specifically considered the effect of stress on the management of chronic diseases including hypertension [23], HIV/AIDS [24], sickle cell disease [25], mental illness [26], substance misuse problems [22] and myocardial infarction [11].Elevated stress hormones contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome that in turn may be a risk factor for coronary heart disease and depression.
This study is a cross-sectional study that cannot provide causal relationships but can only be suggestive of future research.The evaluation was ascertained through a questionnaire.We cannot exclude the possibility of under-reporting or over-reporting, although subjects completed the questionnaires with the help and supervision of well-trained staff.Further evaluation could increase the accuracy of our findings.Also, because of a high degree of statistical co-linearity, ability to distinguish the effects of our subjects was limited.In addition, a limited variation in intakes of meat, fish, milk, etc. in our subjects could lead to insufficient statistical power to detect significant associations.
From this study it observed that the person who lives within the campus goes to bed late and at the same time they wake up late at the morning then their nonresident counterparts.Because of this resident subjects can spend more time to study at night.The data also shows that resident subjects spent less time doing physical exercise than the nonresident personnel.This data proves that the resident person spent more time for study.
Data also shows that there is not much difference in food habit between resident and nonresident subjects in case of meat and fish (protein).But in case of mixed food more resident subjects like it than the nonresidents because resident subjects experience monotony.And more resident subjects maintain balanced diet than the nonresident subjects.The comparison of BMI among resident and nonresident subjects also suggests the above information.BMI comparison shows that more resident person have their BMI range at normal level than the nonresident person, and the percentage of BMI range of nonresident person is higher in case of underweight and overweight.
The data also suggest that after traveling from Kushtia, Jhenaidah and Shailkupa higher percentage of nonresident subjects feel "tired" and "not well" both physically and mentally just after reaching University and during and after class.On the other hand, resident do not have to travel and much lower percentage of them feel "tired" and "not well" both physically and mentally.The data suggests that nonresident person have to bear more stress than the resident person.We also found in our study that the occurrence of disease is less frequent in resident person than the nonresident person.However, the prevalence of food and waterborne disease is grater among resident subjects than the nonresident subjects due to unhygienic conditions in hall dinning.Food cost of various income levels also varies.Students spent less money for their food compared to higher income level teachers and staffs.
It is concluded that nonresident person face more stress then the resident person.To deal with this stress maintain balanced diet, more physical exercise, hygienic practice may be helpful.On the other hand the University could be transformed to a fully residential university, because University is spending $1000 -$2000 every day for transporting students, teachers and staffs, but higher numbers of these nonresident subjects are under physical and mental stress due to the need to travel.

Consent
The study was performed with informed consent and following all the guidelines for experimental investigations required by the Institutional Research and Ethics Committee.

Table 3 Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Mental and physical feelings just after coming to campus and in classroom.

Table 1 . Comparison between various stress variable be- tween nonresident and resident subjects.
show that there is no significant differ-lowest of 1.022 to the highest of 1.065.It is observed that 65 percent stress determined by the other variables, which are not considered in our analysis.
related disease and other disease.Though resident subjects have higher rate of food born and waterborne diseases.Table1