Application of the Hybrid Differential Transform Method to the Nonlinear Equations Inci

In this paper, a hybrid method is introduced briefly to predict the behavior of the non-linear partial differential equations. The method is hybrid in the sense that different numerical methods, differential transform and finite differences, are used in different subdomains. Our aim of this approach is to combine the flexibility of differential transform and the efficiency of finite differences. An explicit hybrid method for the transient response of inhomogeneous nonlinear partial differential equations is presented; applying finite difference scheme on the fixed grid size is used to approximate the space discretisation, whereas the differential transform method is used for time operator. Comparison of the efficiency of the different approaches is a very important aspect of this study. In our test cases, the hybrid approach is faster than the corresponding highly optimized finite difference method in two dimensional computations. We compared our hybrid approach’s results with the exact and/or numerical solutions of PDE which obtained from Adomian Decomposition Method. Results show that the hybrid approach may be an important tool to reduce the execution time and memory requirements for large scale computations and get remarkable results in predicting the solutions of nonlinear initial value problems.


Introduction
Many problems in mathematical physics, theoretical physics, chemical physics and theoretical biology are modeled by the so-called initial value and boundary value problems in the second-order nonlinear partial differential equations.Nonlinear equations also cover the cases of the following types: surface waves incompressible fluids, hydro magnetic waves in cold plasma, acoustic waves in inharmonic crystal, etc.However, these equations are difficult to be solved analytically and sometimes it is impossible then application must be made with relevant numerical methods such as shooting method, finite difference etc.In recent years, differential transform method has been used to solve this type of equation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].
The differential transform method is a numerical method based on Taylor expansion.This method constructs an analytical solution in the form of a polynomial which is widely equivalent explicit form of solution.The main advantage of this method is to solve both linear and non-linear equations without linearization.Using differential transform method, we can avoid from complexity of expansions of derivatives and compute derivatives as symbolically.
When solving initial value problems, the truncation error produced by the finite difference method is greater than that produced by the differential transform method.Hence, in this work we develop a hybrid method which combines the differential transform and the finite difference method.Using this hybrid method, numerical solution can be obtained from a simple iterative procedure.The hybrid method has an advantage to solve nonlinear equations is examined without using linearization.In the literature, there are other hybrid methods.For example, the method used by Beilina's [12] study includes both the finite difference and finite element methods.

Differential Transform Method
We introduce the main features of the differential transformation method [1,5,6,11] according to the differential transform of the nth derivative of a function in one vari- In Equation (1),   y x is the original function,   Y n is the transformed function and the differential inverse transform of is defined as follows: In real applications, function is expressed by a finite series and Equation (2) can be written as From Equation (1), we obtain Actually Equation ( 4) implies that the concept of differential transform is derived from Taylor series expansion.Although DTM is not able to evaluate the derivatives symbolically, relative derivatives can be calculated by an iterative way which is described by the transformed equations of the original function.In this study Equation (4) also implies is negligibly small.In fact k is decided by the convergence of natural frequency.
After taking differential transformation with respect to time variable, we apply finite difference method to PDE with respect to x variable and their derivatives.The region 0 x a   is divided into several equal intervals and each interval has a width h.Take second order accurate central difference approximation with respect to the first and second order derivatives, equations are rewritten and computed iteratively.The solutions are compared with the other published numerical solutions of these equations.

Illustration of Hybrid Method
To show the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid differential transform method and to give an understandable overview of the methodology three different models of nonlinear differential equations with different initial and boundary conditions will be discussed in the following section.Then our results are compared with published work of Wazwaz [13] in which Adomian decomposition method was used to solve the same equations.
Example 1: The function u satisfies the nonlinear equation The initial condition and the boundary conditions at and 1, .
If the equation is expanded and taken the differential where Then the central finite difference method is applied to the Equation ( 7), we get where  .The initial and boundary conditions are The process of programming consists of three major steps.First, are determined from the initial conditions as well as the boundary conditions.Secondly, for 0 k  ,   can be calculated using the iteration formula of Equation ( 8) together with the initial and boundary conditions ( 9)- (11) and   , 0 0 u x  (13) Substituting the differential transformation After discretizating with central difference formula the PDE becomes, and initial condition is where  is Kronecker Delta Function and Using second order finite difference method boundary values were obtained as follows, Evaluating the recurrence relation in Equation ( 15) and transformed initial condition (16) and computed boundary values,   i F k for are easily obtained and use the inverse transformation rule in DTM.Then we had the numerical solution and compared with other published work of Wazwaz [13].As shown in where   , F x k is the differential transform of   , u x t .After using central finite difference method for derivatives according to x variable and initial condition is Equation ( 19) is an iterating process and using this process we get numerical solutions as in Table 3 for and .We compare the solutions of Hybrid Differential Transform with the solutions of Adomian Decomposition Method (Wazwaz [13]).As shown in Table 3, the error between the simulation and ADM results is quite small.0.1 h  0.0001 t   Tables 1-3 show the exact values, the approximation solutions obtained from the hybrid differential transform method and the absolute errors that results from comparing the approximate solutions and the Maple 11 or ADM solutions.The Hybrid Method results agree with the published work of Wazwaz [13], who considered the same equations, for nonlinear initial value problems to six decimal places after rounding.

Conclusions
The hybrid method is employed to predict nonlinear partial equations.Some simulation results are illustrated and discussed to compare with other published work.Three advantages that are briefly explained in this study of this method are as follows: 1) The hybrid method provides an iterative procedure to calculate the numerical solutions; therefore, it is not necessary to carry out complicated symbolic computation.
2) From the nonlinear partial differential equations considered, it has been shown that the proposed method can obtain very accurate numerical approximation.
3) The last and most important advantage is that we do not use linearization in solution procedure.Moreover we can avoid some complex operation therefore; the Hybrid Method provides an iterative procedure to calculate the numerical solutions without using linearization.
It may be concluded that this method is very powerful and efficient in obtaining numerical solutions for these types of partial differential equations with initial conditions.

Table 1 .
According to the table, the simulation results are very compatible with the Maple solutions.

Table 2 ,
our simulation results exactly coincide with the ADM solutions.