Creative Product Design with 3D Printing Based on Jingchu Architecture—Taking Yellow Crane Tower as an Example

This study analyzed the artistic characteristics and investigated the current situation of Yellow Crane Tower and its cultural and creative products. In addition, using the advantages of 3D printing technology, the authors explore the design and manufacturing methods to solve the issues of product homogeneity, simplification, lack of innovation, and low price-performance. We hope that this method can inherit and carry forward traditional culture, promote the combination of art and technology, provide a variety of cultural and creative products to meet the needs of consumers, as well as promote the development of local tourism and local economy.


Introduction
Cultural and creative products have the characteristics of cultural, regional, and memorable. With the rapid development of society, culture and economy, it provides potential opportunities and a huge market for cultural and creative products. More and more regions have developed a series cultural and creative product with regional cultural characteristics, such as creative lights of Dunhuang Silk Road, refrigerator magnet creative products of Sanxingdui bronze mask, etc.
In 2022, Hubei Province following the requirements of the 14 th Five-Year Plan (2021-25), and the Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism has issued a series document about the inherit and develop traditional culture, protection How to cite this paper: Hou, S. M., He, M., Li, R. J., Jiang, S. Y. X., & Liu, Y. J. (2022). Creative Product Design with 3D Printing Based on Jingchu Architecture-Taking Yellow Crane Tower as an Example. and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage. It requires using the distinguishing feature of the Yangtze River culture and Jingchu culture to cultivate a cultural-tourism brand with "Wuhan city" and "romantic Jingchu style" while promoting it to the world. Yellow Crane Tower is "the first tower in the world" and one of the 5A-level tourist attractions and a local tourism's centerpiece of Wuhan, it has perched atop Snake Mountain for millennia and centuries, with white clouds wafting around and the Yangtze River surging below. Since ancient times, it has been "a great wonder of the world" and has exceptionally regional characteristics of Jingchu culture. However, under the situation of the fever of tourism and the Intellectual property (IP) of cultural and creative products, there are some issues with creative products of Yellow Crane Tower, such as product homogeneity, simplification, lack of innovation, low price-performance, and cannot to meet the needs of consumers. To improve the competitiveness and enhance the economic value of creative products, designers need to change their design concepts and methods to explore the application of traditional elements, enrich products forms, and meet consumer demands (Jun, 2021).
Hence, by understanding the cultural background and artistic features of Yellow Crane Tower. We used the 3D printing technology, which has advantages of rapid manufacturing, precision manufacturing, cost-saving, and on-demand production, to explore the method to design and manufacture creation products of Yellow Crane Tower. Meanwhile, we have also created a series of jewelry works that include a hair crown, a comb, and a hairpin, which was designed from the "five-story cornices" architectural style of Yellow Crane Tower. We hope it can provide a reference for other designers to develop the creative products of Yellow Crane Tower. Furthermore, we also wish the creative products can be a bridge to show the beautiful feature of Wuhan and inherit traditional culture and promote the development of local culture, tourism, and economy.

The Artistic Characteristics and Current Situation of Yellow
Crane Tower and Its Cultural and Creative Products Nowadays, Yellow Crane Tower is becoming a new well-known scenic spot at home and abroad. Therefore, we need to display the beauty of Yellow Crane Tower and the charm of Jingchu culture through various creative products to travelers.

The Situation of Cultural and Creative Products in China
Under the "tourism boom" situation, the Chinese government has issued a series of relevant policies to raise the cultural and creative industry to the national development strategy. The keyword burst map that "cultural and creative products" have become the current research hotspots in the research of product design evaluation theory, and will be the focus of scholars' attention for some time in the future (Liu, 2021). According to the results of search trends related to  Sanxingdui Museum reproduced cultural relics into three-dimensional (3D) models using 3D printing technology, such as the "Resin Refrigerator Magnet", a replica of one of the museum's most precious collections of bronze masks manufactured by using resin materials and 3D printing technology (Figure 2(g)). These creative products not only can as "little cultural relics" gifts to tourists to take home but also can disseminate the ancient and mysterious culture of Sanxingdui. To sum up, the development of cultural and creative products in China tends to: • Use digital technology to enhance the fun and interaction of creative products. • Use advanced manufacturing technology and new materials to enrich the forms of creative products.
• Combine the aesthetics and the living needs of modern life people to innovative products.

The Situation of Cultural and Creative Products of Yellow Crane Tower
This paper compared the cultural characteristics, product categories, and design forms of cultural and creative products of the Yellow Crane Tower with the above four museums through online research. We also concluded the current issues about creative products of the Yellow Crane Tower as follows: • Homogeneity and lack of features. As shown in Figure 3(a), we have collected and classified 50 products by online research, such as the official website and Taobao store. The distribution of cultural and creative products of Yellow Crane Tower in 2022 shows that the decoration and fashion products account for the largest proportion with 32%, followed by homeware with 28%, snacks and drinks with 18%, stationery with 16%, educational toys with 4% and jewelry with 2%. Most of these products were made by directly extracting architectural elements of the Yellow Crane Tower's architectural elements but without recreating the elements. Without digging deep into the cultural connotation and regional characteristics behind it, refining its artistic characteristics, and recreating elements, it lacks characteristics, is easy to copy and replace, and cannot fully use its cultural promotion and application value. As a result, the products lack features and application values to display the cultural connotation and are easily copied and replaced by other products.  • Low price-performance and unable to meet consumer demands. The price of cultural and creative products is generally high while the processing methods are traditional, and the quality of products is not delicate enough. In addition, it lacks combining the cultural features with exploring Yellow Crane Tower IP brands. It lacks extracting the personalized, customized services, which leads tourists not to desire to buy. According to the requirements map for cultural and creative products displayed by the Baidu index and the age of consumer groups (Figure 4), nowadays, people have paid more and more attention to digital technology, creative development, cultural heritage, and interactive experience cultural and creative products. Figure 4 also shows that the leading consumer group is the age of 19 to 29-year-olds. Therefore, the innovative products' design of Yellow Crane Tower should keep up with the development of society and people's demands and utilize the advantages of digital technology for innovative personalized, interactive, and cost-effective products.
In summary, to solve the issues of homogeneity, simplification, lack of features, and low price-performance of cultural and creative products in Yellow  Crane Tower. We need to extract the elements of the cultural characteristics, architectural characteristics, and pattern style of the Yellow Crane Tower. Moreover, use digital technology (digital software, App, AR, VR), advanced manufacturing technology (3D printing, laser cutting), and to explore the new materials, new design and manufacturing methods and new experience methods to innovate the forms and to enhance the fun and interaction of cultural and creative products.

Advantages of 3D Printing Technology for Development of Cultural and Creative Products
3D printing technology manufactures objects layer-by-layer. It has the advantages of rapid manufacturing, precision manufacturing, cost-saving, and on-demand production, and is widely used in the products development of industrial products, jewelry, accessories, and toys (Zhang et al., 2016). The significant applications of 3D printing technology currently used on the market are Fused Deposi-tion Rapid Prototyping (FDM), Photocurable Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) (Shahrubudin, 2019). Among the cultural and creative products, it has appeared to use 3D printing and 3D scanning technology for product development and customized design. The main advantages can be summarized as follows: • Improve production efficiency and save production costs. On the one hand, the designed 3D models are easy to modify according to customers' demands. They can manufacture and customize according to the required quantity and material through 3D printing technology. On the other hand,

Design Methods of Cultural and Creative Products of Yellow Crane Tower Based on 3D Printing Technology
According to the characteristics of 3D printing, the design and process methods of Yellow Crane Tower jewelry products are summarized in Figure 5. First, research the thematic and background, then select and extract elements to design; second, based on different types and conditions of 3D printer, modify the design sketches, and use computer software to build 3D models. In addition, export the suitable files into the 3D printer, select relative materials to test the processing and printing of the whole work; finally, improve the work through post-processing such as polishing, coloring, assembling and install until the creative products are finally completed.

The Creative Jewelry Design of Yellow Crane Tower Based on 3D Printing Technology-"Yellow Crane Travel"
• According to research on the cultural background and artistic characteristics of Yellow Crane Tower and extract the main characteristics of the architectural style of "five-story cornices" to creation a set of jewelry that consisting of hair crown, comb, and hairpin. As shown in Figure 6(a), the shape of the top hair crown inspiration from the fourth and fifth floor of the Yellow Crane Tower and make it more beautiful and vitality through simplified and curved the outline line. Simultaneously, the eaves part is hollowed out and exaggerated to express the delicately and vividly tiles. The comb is designed by constructing and reorganizing the three of bottom floors of the Yellow Crane Tower, and the hairpin is designed by deformation of auspicious pattern elements such as cranes and clouds. It shows the mystery, beauty, and unique historical charm and contains the meaning of peace and good fortune. • Figure 6(b) shows the production flow of the jewelry artwork of Yellow Crane Tower. Firstly, sketch and build the 3D model using CAD and Rhino software. Secondly, modify the size, and thickness according to the requirements of 3D printing and jewelry wearing conditions. Finally, export the designed file and import it into the SLA 3D printer, choose the resin materials to fabricate the whole work.
• After processing, we need to polish, varnish, and connect with accessories such as mother-of-pearl and other metal decorations to make it can be wearable ( Figure 6(c)). The set of jewelry can be individually worn or worn in sets, and it can also be an ornament placed at home. It presents the unique architectural beauty of Yellow Crane Tower and reflects the charm of traditional Chinese culture. Importantly, this artwork combined modern technology with jewelry, which can make people experience digital technology and cultural-artistic.