The Automated System of Unified Templates as an Element of Trainability of Microprocessor Relay Protection Devices

The article discusses the possibility of further modernization of the standard microprocessor relay protection of AC overhead system feeders DPA-27.5-TNF, which is operated on the Trans-Baikal Railway by creating an additional automated system of unified templates necessary for the occurrence of “trainability” elements. The templates will be formed via a separate dedicated channel for transmission, processing and storage of the necessary information, not related to the operation of the terminal, with its subsequent visualization at the workplace of the duty personnel of traction substations, together with information from the “GID” software received via another dedicated wired channel. With the help of such a base of unified preset templates, in the fu-ture, it will be possible not only to identify the specific causes of each emergency shutdown but also to reduce their number by dynamically adjusting the existing presets of the standard operation algorithm.


Introduction
Earlier in their articles [1] the authors already considered the features of the operation of microprocessor relay protection DPA-27.5-TNF on the Trans-Baikal railway and proposed options for modernization and automation to increase the selectivity of its operation [2]. So, the previous work of this team of authors considered an alternative option for possible visualization, retrieval and storage of BC. It is also proposed to use data from the automated system for maintaining and analyzing the train sheet "GID" of the Ural-VNIIZhT [3], received by the duty personnel of traction substations via a dedicated wired channel. All the information obtained after analysis and the necessary transformations would be used to subsequently form a base of dynamic unified templates of presets of microprocessor relay protection.
In works with similar problems [4]- [11] foreign authors propose adaptive systems of neuro-fuzzy inference to classify faults in transmission lines and remote relay protection of the transmission line, as well as new approaches to protection transmission lines using wavelet transform and neural networks, etc. However, for the most part, such technical solutions are used in the design of new microprocessor protection systems for general industrial three-phase cable or overhead power lines and cannot be used in our case with a single-phase load (railway overhead system) and a non-standard voltage level U = 27.5 kV. Separately, I would like to note interesting from the point of view of similarity problems of the article [12] [13].
The objective of this study is not to develop new approaches, methods and designs of microprocessor relay protection, but to modernize and automate the terminals that are already in operation at the moment with a minimum level of interference both in their instrumental base and in the standard algorithm of their operation.
The DPA-27.5-TNF device is made in the form of two blocks-a protection and automation unit (PAU) and a control unit (CU). In turn, the PAU, according to the principle of "cassette" formation, contains the following modules, connected one after another ( Figure 1  Further, a method for further modernization and automation of existing microprocessor relay protection terminals will be considered and proposed by creating an automated system for generating and storing unified preset templates and its potential integration into a standard operating algorithm to obtain "trainability" elements.

Materials and Methods
The object of research is the already partially modernized and automated pro-

Setting up the Experiment
The section of the Sedlovoy-Buryatskaya-Mogoytui railway was chosen as an experimental one; measurements were made at the Buryatskaya traction substation (TS) (Figure 3).
The switchgear 2 × 25 kV at the Buryatskaya TS is a system consisting of two modules of outdoor switchgear (OS), including the cells in which the measuring When organizing the collection of the necessary information in the form of oscillograms of current and voltage in the online mode (according to the diagram shown in Figure 3), they will be broadcast and recorded on the PC of the workplace of the duty personnel of the traction substation. However, this method also has significant drawbacks -it requires a large amount of memory of the PC recorder, and, consequently, a large period of time to search and view the necessary fragment of oscillograms characterizing the pre-emergency or emergency operation of the traction power supply system [15]. for its power supply, as well as an auxiliary microcontroller [18].

Experimental Results
The result of the experiment will be the proposed methodology and structural diagram of an automated system for organizing, collecting, processing, comparing and storing parameters necessary for the formation of unified templates typical for a particular train situation in order to potentially reduce the number of emergency actuations of relay protection devices, which is already partially inte-

Conclusions
For the first time, the authors obtained a unique opportunity to create a base of unified templates for electrical and train parameters, with the help of which it is possible to form presets for adjusting the operation of microprocessor relay protection for each individual train situation in online mode, using the proposed automated systems for this, and the access to the automated system of maintaining and analyzing the "GID" train sheet of the Ural-VNIIZhT, already available on the PC of the duty personnel.
In turn, the database created and operating in this way will also be an automated system that not only "trains itself" (constantly accumulating and comparing unique templates corresponding to only one train situation), but also introduces "trainability" elements into the standard algorithm of operation of the microprocessor-based relay protections of the DPA-27.5-OSF (TNF) brand currently operating on the AC railway network, moving away from the rigid "coarse" manually set boundaries of the monitored electrical parameters of the corresponding presets.
Most significantly, the necessity should arise to make revisions, repair or other operations for which it is required to physically disconnect a separate removable circuit panel (containing the proposed automated systems); the operation of the microprocessor relay protection will not be interrupted or disrupted in any way but will continue as usual.

Confirmation
The research was carried out with the financial support of the Trans-Baikal In-