Nanotechnology as a Sustainable Approach for Achieving Sustainable Future

The nanotechnology revolution affected positively Architecture. Using nanotechnology is considered one of the most successful modern methods to achieve sustainable buildings with high functional efficiency. The discipline is Nano architecture, which uses Nanomaterials, products, or even Nano-shapes in the treatment of structure and construction. Despite the economic and urban advantages of using nanotechnology in the field of architecture and ur-banism, we note that using nanotechnology is limited to some buildings uses in the city centers until now such as Administrative, commercial, educational, health, and recreational buildings or residential buildings. In spite of that, we found that nanotechnology was not used in priority buildings as “nuclear power plants” as it is considered one of the most eligible buildings to rely on nanotechnology to achieve safety, security, and functional efficiency requirements which have a great impact on advancing the movement of urban development. From this standpoint, the research recommends the necessity of following a methodology to activate the establishment of nuclear power plants with such technology to preserve the safety of construction, reduce energy consumption, conserve economic resources and reduce pollution. The research is exposed to highlight a set of case studies that used such an effective technique and conclude a group of criteria that are recommended to be followed in the implementation and construction of the Dabaa plant in Egypt to achieve a sustainable nuclear power plant. So the research objective aims to adopt the idea of applying nanotechnology in various uses, whether it is in the city center or the outskirt of the city in order to develop these urban cities and transform them into smart sustainable environmental cities depending on nanotechnology aspects to achieve new sustainability scenario that ac-commodates the objectives of sustainability, with the support of new technologies. lear power plant in Egypt; which will have a great impact in advancing the movement of urban development in Egypt through improving the envelope of an urban typology, using nanotechnology materials on the façades, roofs, and external renovations with suitable constructive systems and in an easier way.


Introduction
This research is directed towards solving the problem on one hand the new technology prompting the architects to think in a new way for architecture, developments and formation, and on the other hand the emergence of new materials and applications, as well as the change in the style of structural systems for new sustainable buildings [1].
Nanotechnology identifies its characteristics, showing its enormous potential to create new materials and devices that will be useful in developing future cities, which will be inhabited by forthcoming generations of humanity [2]. In this paper, we review the main features that characterize nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology
"Nanotechnology" goes beyond Nano-science, and aims to convert the basic knowledge that it provides us with regarding the new properties of materials and goods, to improve existing products or propose radically new ones [3]. Thus it is Figure 1. Some main services in city center that use nanotechnology. Source: The author.

N. M. Rehan
clear that nanotechnology is essentially concerned with the application of knowledge arising from Nano-science. Smart cities are slowly becoming a reality, developing pilot projects in many parts of the world (Amsterdam, Dubai, Helsinki, San Diego, San Francisco, Spain) by mid-century, many of our cities will have reached reasonable levels of "intelligence" [4]. Nanomaterials are not only useful for some partial requirements like roof and facades; they also expand some design possibilities both for sustainable design strategies and architects [5]. Nano construction materials are intelligent to achieve energy efficiencies and environmental comfort. We note using nanotechnology in different buildings in city center as shown in Figure 1.
The search will highlight aims of nanotechnology, its factors and case studies for such buildings in city center and the extent of the possibility of applying this technology in other buildings on the outskirts of the city.

Aims of Technological Adaptability
A-Users' well-being and safety: -Comfort. -Health. -Safety.
-Indoor environmental quality.
-Interactivity with the building and other users.
-Modern components with low cost.
-Fit for different uses and users (residential, commercial, offices, cultural, etc.) to suit market demands.
-Fit into and add to the environment by: -Flexibility, Multi-functional and trans-functional spaces [7].

Intelligent Building
Provide an optimized solution of sustainability and intelligence that will help the agenda of living in a healthy, comfortable, and technologically advanced world.
A building that uses both technology and process to create a facility that is safe, healthy and comfortable and enables productivity and well-being of its occupants. Smart or clever buildings, perhaps focus on control systems, but intelligent buildings go far beyond this [8]. An intelligent building has an implicit logic that effectively evolves with changing user requirements and technology, ensuring  continued and improved intelligent operation, maintenance and optimization [9]. It exhibits key attributes of environmental sustainability to benefit present and future generations. The design and construction of building envelopes involve the use of multiple layers of different materials to achieve a wide array of functionalities, including strength, light filtering, thermal insulations, sound insulations, weather resistance and architectural appearance.

Factors Affecting Criteria of Intelligent Building
E) IBA-Integrating Building.

Case Study 1: Residential Buildings
The Nano-House is a new type of ultra-energy efficient house exploiting the new materials being developed by nanotechnology. Hydro-House uses natural airflow and seawater to cool and make the greenhouse humid. Seawater is evaporated at the facades of the greenhouse; as air passes into the green house, it increases the humidity [10]. But the smart part is in the structural columns, which also serves as supports for the growing racks [11]. When it rains, fresh rain water is allowed to trickle down from the roof, within the cylindrical columns ( Figure   4).

Case Study 2: Torre De Especialidades, Hospital
Manuel Gea Gonzales: Prosolve was chosen by the hospital in part for its anti-microbial, de-polluting effect, as well as providing visual complexity, memorable in form, as a counter to the city's air pollution problem. According to recent studies of the technology, the facade at Torre de Especialidades is reducing the pollution of 1000 cars per day ( Figure 5).

Case Study 3: Italian Pavilion, Expo 2010 Shanghai (Better City, Better Life)-Using Nanomaterials and Economic Architecture
The pavilion presented the Italian people, their creativity and culture using innovative environmentally sustainable construction techniques, [12] technologies and materials, as well as infrastructures. materials used in the pavilion and made out of 40% recycled materials, and Nanomaterials because Nanomaterial can make constructions more economic because they are ten times lighter but hundred times stronger than regular materials [13] (Figure 6). They focus on energy saving than regular materials.
Using transparent cement (a precast concrete panel) creations involved using fiber optic cables to transmit light, which is an effective method, as shown in

Case Study 5: Mauritius Commercial Bank Ebene Cybercity Building
Ebene

Applied Study: Nuclear Plants
Nuclear is safer than most energy sources and is needed if the world hopes to decrease its carbon emissions [15]. Nuclear power has many advantages, it produces energy, it generates electricity with no output of carbon, switching from coal to nuclear power is radically step to decarbonizing and it releases less radiation into the environment than any other major energy source. Nuclear plants

Dabaa Nuclear Power Plant, Egypt
Egypt has come a long way towards achieving the nuclear dream. After many attempts, it is only steps away from establishing its first nuclear plants. There has been a strong realization of the potential threat of both nuclear criticalness and release of radioactive materials. Operation and engineering are designed accordingly. World Journal of Engineering and Technology One of the most obvious advantages of nuclear power plants is its ability to generate electric power, The net capacity of generating electricity in the Dabaa nuclear power plant is 4800 MW, which will increase the volume of electricity generated at the national level, increase Egypt's ability to export energy in the future, and strengthen its strategic position it deserves in the region.

Anotechnology Materials in Construction Process
According to the previous case studies, the research concluded a group of important applications based on nanotechnology in construction. These applications have to be followed and applied for Dabaa Nuclear Power Plant in a sustainable way through a strategy that achieves the highest level of safety and functional efficiency (Table 1).

Proposal for Using Nanotechnology Applications at Dabaa Station
The research has come up with a strategy, this strategy enables each phase of the material system development to account for critical downstream design constraints constructions, scenarios and efficiencies needed for possible self-sustaining system, state this adaptive material system for the building envelope to optimize material use and to integrate additional functions such as self-sustaining energy production and climate control [17]. In view of the different architectural models of nuclear plants in recent decades, it is clear to us that there are several factors that determine transformations in designs to meet the needs of these plants in accordance with special technology and legislation. It is provided that the main objective is making reactors cleaner, safer and less dangerous ( Figure 14). So depending on nanotechnology materials is considered one of the best methods in construction for such this type of buildings to achieve safe and safety and efficiency.

Conclusions
Nanotechnology construction products have many benefits and avails in the construction process that achieve economic development, The applications of nanotechnology in architecture can vary widely from early stages to the final touches of finishes and throughout the building's lifetime [18]. We need architects, scientists and technologies to give any new regulatory controls are required.
So, the research recommends that it is necessary and urgent to adopt and follow nanotechnology approaches in a sustainable way to save energy, reduce resources consumption and avoid environmental hazards. Therefore, achieve economic development and a sustainable future.

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.