Three New Species and Six Newly Recorded Species of Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) in Taiwan

From August 2013 to August 2014 at Aogu Wetland of Chiayi County, Taiwan, a total of 32 adult spiders of Salticidae were identified, comprising 15 species from 13 genera. This paper describes 3 new species and 6 newly recorded species as follows: Microbianor formosana sp. nov., Euophrys taiwanus sp. nov., and Evarcha chiayiensis sp. nov.; Carrhotus tristis, Evarcha bulbosa, Menemerus bivittatus, Plexippus petersi, Rhene rubrigera, and Synagelides zhilcovae. The males distinguish them from other congeners. In addition, the female Sibianor pullus is described for the first time. Species morphologies and detailed structures are depicted in micrographs to compensate for the lack of textual description.


Salticidae Spiders at Aogu Wetland of Taiwan
Carrhotus tristis Thorell, 1895 (new record) (Figure 8 & Figure 9) Carrhotus tristis Thorell, 1895;Prószyński, 1984;Prószyński, 1992b: 168, f.         yellow. The second, third, and fourth legs are light yellow, patella and tibia with obvious black belts. Palpal organ brown, tibia shorter than cymbium, tibial apophysis bifurcated. The bifurcation on the side near the spheroid is sharper, and the bifurcation on the other side is blunt. The genitalia bulb protruding, and its length is greater than width. If the genitalia bulb is viewed from the side, the lower end of the bulb is most prominen, and genitalia bulb cover part of the tibia, embolus sickle shaped.

Female
Cephalothorax brown and flat, ocular area blackish brown, white hairs, fan-shaped radial groove behind the thoracic groove, AER recurve. Chelicere and fangs are yellowish brown. Two promarginal teeth, 1 retromarginal tooth, labium brown. Sternum black, shield-shaped, front truncated. Abdomen long ovoid, hairy, dorsal yellow, on the front part of abdomen with large black patches and black pattern, and 4 -5 inverted V-shaped black patterns on the second part; 2 pairs of black dots on each side of the black of abdomen vertical band. Abdomen ventral is light yellow. The black longitudinal band extends to the end of the abdomen. Spinnerets are dark brown. Leg lengths are in the order Evarcha bulbosa Zabka, 1985 (new record) ( Figure 14, Figure 15) Evarcha bulbosa Zabka, 1985:                  (Haddad & Wesolowska, 2013) are similar [24], differences exist in structures such as the first leg and the palpal organ, as shown in       Characteristics Male Cephalothorax flat, dark brown, and ocular area black. Ocular area and its edges are covered with white hairs. The ocular area is less than half the length of the cephalothorax. PME located midpoint between the anterior and posterior eyes. AER recurve. Chelicera and fangs are reddish brown. Two promarginal teeth, 1 retromarginal tooth. Labium brown. Sternum yellowish brown, darker center. Abdomen long oval, dorsal view yellowish brown, edge dark brown with white hairs, 3 pairs of muscle marks. The abdomen dorsal has 3 pairs of horizontal yellow pinstripes extending from the center to the sides of the abdomen. Yellow ventral surface of the abdomen, with a large black area in the center and its width is approximately half the width of the abdomen, and the book lung is dark brown. Spinnerets are dark brown. First leg longest, thickest, dark brown. Femur, patella, and tibia with thick burrs on the inside. Second, third, and fourth legs brown. Genitalia bulb length is greater than width, kidney-shaped. Sperm duct visible, embolus upright and short needle-shaped, carried above the genitalia bulb, tibial apophysis mono-protruding, single helix-shaped, curved toward the cymbium, cymbium longer than tibia, hairy. The main difference between this species and R. atrata (Karsch, 1881) is the shape of the embolus. In this species, the embolus is upright and short needle-shaped, and that of R. rubrigera has a broad base and a curved tip.

Female
The appearance characteristics are identical to those of the male. Abdomen ventral view yellow, and the large black patch in the middle is lighter, with yellow spots scattered within it. The abdomen dorsal has 3 pairs of horizontal lightly yellow pinstripes, which was less obvious than that of male spider. Spinnerets are yellowish brown, genital groove black, epigynum light red. The mating hole is horizontal. The embolus of R. rubrigera is upright and short needle-shaped (Figure 30

Discussion
The Euophrys taiwanus sp. nov. described in this study belongs to the subfamily Euophryinae. This subfamily includes Euophrys, Pseudeuophrys, Talavera, Neon, and 4 other genera of spiders in China and neighboring countries. Their common morphological characteristics are small size, with a body length of less than 4 mm, and an appearance dissimilar to ants [21].
The embolus of Euophrys is smaller than that of Pseudeuophrys and larger than that of Talavera. The embolus of Euophrys is wrapped around the top of the genital bulb. The embolus of Pseudeuophrys is looped around the recess or recess at the top of the genitalia bulb. The embolus of Talavera is needle-like or thorn-like, and that of Euophrys bends.
This subfamily is characterized by its diamond-shaped cephalothorax, which is used in this study to report a newly recorded genus Microbianor.
The PME of Bianor is closer to the ALE, whereas in the 3 other genera, it is at the midpoint between the ALE and the PLE. Only the side of the genitalia bulb of Sibanor has papillary protrusions, and the 3 other genera (Bianor, Harmochirus, Microbianor) do not papillary protrusion [25].

Appendix 1
All species of Salticidae spiders were collected from Aogu Wetland in Chiayi County, Taiwan (from August 2013      Pseudicius sp Missing specimen 1♀ Figure 29