Does Humanitarianism Exist in Leninism? —A Book Review of “A Study of Lenin’s Anthropology”

Based on the in-depth study of the text, author explains the theoretical and practical background, development process, essential characteristics, main content of the formation of Lenin’s human studies, and the historical fate and enlightenment significance of this thought in contemporary development. The book indicated that Lenin’s human studies have enriched and developed Marxist human studies in human existence theory, human liberation theory, and human development theory with its distinctive characteristics of the times, nationalities, and practices. It forms another vital stage of development after Marx’s human studies.

Chapter 3 has very important account for the formation process and essential characteristics of Lenin's humanitarianism. As Lenin realized that socialism changed from theory to practice and created the world's first socialist country, He actively participated in the Russian democratic revolution and led the Russian proletarian revolution, socialist construction, and the international communist movement, and made immortal contributions to the liberation of the Russian people and humanity. In this process, Lenin took the Marxist anthropology as a guide and developed it into realistic socialist anthropology for the people of the backward countries in the East that were at that time under the imperialist era's conditions. The thought inspired these people to against the imperialists and manage their communities to survive, resolve, and develop.

Evaluation
In the 1960s, in the Marxism developed by Stalin in the Soviet Union, the British New Left proposed the need to understand cultural factors in the superstructure of people's practical activities, demonstrating the humanitarian characteristics of Marxist theory. As a key initiator of British Marxist humanitarianism, Edward Palmer Thompson (1957) advocated that only when socialism manifests its humanitarianism that can it reproduce its communist revolutionary glory. He also led a strong proposition that Communism is not a political goal while it takes people as its goal. He suggested the concept of "proletariat," which contains hu- Left replaced material practice with culture, dispelled the revolution's economic significance, and transformed it into a formal improvement.
As the product of people's initiative and reflection to the world's concept and values in practice, culture has the spiritual attributes of people. Due to it being conceptual, it does not directly harm human rights itself. Culture is regarded as a soft way of governing the world. Lenin also indicated that excessive reliance on culture would make people ignore the reality of culture and thus forget that human liberation is also a real issue. According to process of history, British liberation is different from the liberation of the Russians. The liberation is not a cultural conflict but stems from Britain's and Russia's historical paths. The organization is a product of the British Industrial Revolution. The British proletariat has consciously united together to solve human emancipation by seemingly peaceful assembly.
Although peaceful gatherings cannot wholly solve the problem, their organizational nature will allow capitalists to compromise and give the poor a little respite. Meanwhile, the peasants in Russia have not been blessed by large-scale industry, and they are left unsuccessful by the exploiting class, just like scattered sand. Therefore, the greatness of Lenin was that he used political means to replace economic means in the war, allowing the majority of the proletariat to reach a consensus and take concerted action. If this method is unable to adapt to changes in a peaceful age, it will become a new means of alienation that oppresses and enslaves people. Another great thing about Lenin is that he knows when and how to make a "person" into a "person." Professor Dr. Yang Jing's monograph has significance and believes that Lenin defends and pursues people's rights under the seemingly relentless years of rev- bor-production community, and they link the destiny of people and people through social labor. The Chinese Communist Party's concern for people does not come from the hymn of morality but guides the people to realize that the common interest is the most extended. At present, the Communist Party of China is standing based on socialist humanitarianism, carrying out its national governance and participating in global governance.
Professor. Dr. Yang Jing's research methods focus on analyzing texts, but there are two types of "texts." A kind of "text" is the "document" that carries ideas. He not only read through the Chinese version of "The Complete Works of Lenin", which is said to be the largest and most complete version in the world at present but also carefully read the works of historical figures of Lenin's time and who had intersections with Lenin' historical context. Another type of "text" is the "document" that records the historical process. The writing of thought cannot be separated from the possible scope of historical delineation. Dr. Yang Jing has not waited to master a large amount of Russian historical materials to make the thought and interpretation of his retelling closer to the truth of history.
This book is highly recommended for scholars who have interest in social humaniora theory in the English-speaking world. Meanwhile, this book also can help us to avoid prejudices and re-introduce Lenin who respects and cares for people.

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this pa-