Political System in the Sovereign Kyrgyzstan

This article examines formation of the Kyrgyz Republic as a sovereign government, entering the path of parliamentarism and formation of a political system, development of the Kyrgyz parliament in the Soviet period, the transitional parliament called as the “Legendary parliament”, and the period of independence, the Jogorku Kenesh. Emergence and development of international law in the national government system was analyzed where the government sovereignty in international relations actually existing as an independent government. Establishment of the sovereignty in Kyrgyzstan was initiated by the constitutional legislation of Soviet Kyrgyzstan based on significant development and within the framework of the Soviet constitutional legislation.


Introduction
Sovereignty defined as a modern legal terminology characterizing the absence of restrictions and ability of the supreme power to independently determine and implement their will; the presence of their own institutions' power, the exercise of power without external influence, pressure; an exercise of powers reflected in the legal norms of national legislation (Shukbarov, 2018). Additionally, sovereignty is at the very center of the political and legal arrangements in the modern world (Jackson, 2007). The establishment and development of the "sovereignty" category are simultaneously related with the emergence and development of international law and the system of national governments, where the government sovereignty in international relations exists as an independent government with limits of the generally recognized norms of international law; it was also established in the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, that the Kyrgyz Republic is a sovereign government (Abdykaimov & Rakimbaev, 2014a;Abdykaimov & Rakimbaev, 2014b). A sovereign government should be able to make its political, economic, and social decisions, and possess the moral obligation to protect and extend its citizens' political, economic, and social rights (Awdel et al., 2020).
Kyrgyzstan integrated into Eurasian Economic Union, which is international organization of regional economic integration currently, including Russia, Kazakhstan, Belorussia, and Armenia (Sagynbekova, 2019).
Historically, the sovereignty of the Kyrgyz Republic as a government began almost 158 years ago. Kurmanjan Datka elected as a ruler in South Kyrgyzstan in the national elections; she was recognized as a political leader and politician, and was given the high title "Datka". Kurmanjan Datka left her historical mark by becoming the first woman ruler in the Kyrgyz people modern history. Her ascension to the throne became the clearest evidence of the profound democratic events; according to historians, to save the Kyrgyz people life, she agreed with Russia and made her wise decision.
The establishment of the sovereignty in Kyrgyzstan was initiated by constitu- In Bishkek on 31.08.1991, by the resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, the Declaration on State Independence of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan was adopted, based on which the Republic of Kyrgyzstan is an independent, sovereign democratic government. The Constitutional Commission submitted to the Supreme Soviet of the Kyrgyz Republic the draft Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, which was adopted as a whole, and entered into force on 05.05.1993, after which presidential rule was established. In 1990, the Republic of Kyrgyzstan was called "An island of democracy". Among the democratic culture elements, the idea that democracy is preferable to any of its authoritarian regimes is considering a fundamentally stable democratic system (Haerpfer & Kizilova, 2020

Sovereignty Establishment
Using their sacred right to be the bearer of sovereignty and the only source of gov-   From the historiographic analysis of the party system development in Kyrgyzstan, political parties can be considered according to the following criteria: -Long-term action; -Full scale of sustainable local organizations, maintaining regular and varied links with the central leadership; -Desire to seize power and exercise it, and not just influence it; -Searching for support from the people, especially through elections.

The Jogorku Kenesh Structure
Under the IRI program which works to improve the Kyrgyz Republic's democracy by helping in the development of a strong multi-party political system, and cultivating leaders by equipping youth and women with the skills to engage in the political process (Kyrgyzstan Political Process Program: IRI, 2021).

Research Finding with Analysis
The Central Executive Committee (CEC) was established on March 27, 1927 under the Abdykadyr Orozbekov chairmanship. Along with Imanaly Aidarbekov and Abdykadyr Orozbekov, the parliament of Kyrgyzstan in the Soviet years was also headed by Asanaly Tolubaev, Moldogazy Tokobaev, Torobay Kulatov, Sultan Ibraimov, Arstanbek Duisheev, Temirbek Koshoev, Tashtanbek Akmatov, Absamat Masaliyev, Mediakulov. Each of them made his own contribution to the formation of the Soviets as representative bodies of people's power on the territory of Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz Parliament History, 2021).
Following article 74 of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Jogorku Kenesh has the following powers: 1) Adopts a law on the appointment of a referendum; 2) Appoints the election of the President; 3) Introduces amendments to the Constitution; 4) Adopts laws; 5) Ratifies and denounces international treaties in the manner prescribed by law; 6) Resolves issues on changing the state borders of the Kyrgyz Republic; 7) Approves the republican budget and the report on its implementation; 9) Agrees to the appointment of the Prosecutor General, and agrees to bring him to criminal responsibility; gives consent to the dismissal of the Prosecutor General by at least one third of the total number of deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh; 10) Approves, by a majority of at least two-thirds of votes of the total number of deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh to dismiss the Prosecutor General in cases provided for by law (Ministry of Justice of the Kyrgyz Republic, 2021).

Conclusion
From the first days of independence, Kyrgyzstan has been considered a democratic country in the Central Asian region. In the 1990s, the country was called "an island of democracy in Central Asia"; in the next 10 years, the world community witnessed two revolutions that arose against the presidents who usurped power in the country. In 2010, the country announced the transition to a parliamentary form of government. Many argue that despite all of the above, Kyrgyzstan still fails to take its rightful place on the world stage. Based on the above, we conclude that the parliament is associated with such institutions of civil society as political parties and interested groups. The Kyrgyz Republic Parliament in Jogorku Kenesh is consisting of deputies elected for a term of five years party list. Parties are important subjects, which are initiating political relations, and have gone a long way of formation with evolution; they are the product of the socio-political and socio-economic development in each specific country.

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.