Distribution of the Species Genus Scutellaria L. (Lamiaceae) Flora of the Ferghana Valley

The article examines the representatives of the genus of Scutellaria L. distributed in the Ferghana Valley. On the basis of samples collected during field research and stored in the National Herbarium (TASH) Fund of the Institute of Botany Academy Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, the growth of 23 species in the region was noted. Representatives of the genus Scutellaria L. are important due to the abundance of endemic species and their widespread use in modern pharmaceuticals. At the same time, opinions and comments on the study of natural resources of some species common in the valley are pre-sented.


Introduction
The Fergana Valley is an intermountain lowland with an area of 22,000 km 2  A.M. Karimov (2017) [2] and G.U. Siddikov (2018) [3] studied to isolate some species of Scutellaria L. distributed in the flora of Uzbekistan S. sordifrons Juz., S. phyllostachya Juz., S. comosa Juz., S. haematochlora Juz., S. immaculata Nevski ex Juz., S. ocellata Juz. and, for the first time, new flavonoids, glycosides, and aglycones. The biological activity of these substances, such as the alkaloids paracetamol and heliotrin, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-toxic, sedative, and antihypertensive effects, as well as the technology of dyeing half-wool, wool, silk and other fabrics. In doing so, scientists are gathering Scutellaria species directly from nature. Scientific substantiation of the order of collection of species from nature, identification and census of natural resources, assessment of the current state of ceonopopulations and development of recommendations for the preservation of gene pool in order to ensure future stability, mapping of species distribution and vitality, need protection. It is advisable to develop measures to preserve the natural populations of the species.

Object and Method
Herbarium samples collected in field studies conducted in different regions of the Fergana Valley in 2019-2020, as well as the National Herbarium of Uzbekistan (TASH), the Herbarium Base of Moscow State University (MW) and the Herbarium Base of the Faculty of Biology of Samarkand State University used collected samples from 1913-2020. The distribution area and general area of the species was based on the "Conspeсtus florae Asia Mediae XI" (Abdullaeva, 1987) [4], Flora URSS XX (Yusepchuk, 1954) [5], Flora of Uzbekistan IV (Vvedensky, 1961). The names of the species are listed in the latest International Plants Names Index (http://www.ipni.org/) [6], the World Plants Catalog of Life (http://www.catalogueoflife.org/) [7], and the authors of the taxa are listed in the Authors of Plant Names R.K. Brummit, C.E. Powell's (1992) [8] manual. This work provides a general checklist of the genus of Scutellaria L. distributed in the flora the Fergana valley, using field research, the monograph "Labitae in flora of Kyrgyzstan" (2016) [9], existing dissertations, and the found herbariums. The list includes information on the first edition, ecology, economic importance, distribution and herbarium voucher collected from the valley.

Result and Discussion
Today, more than 350 species of Scutellaria L. are found on Earth (Farzaneh et al., 2020) [10]. This genus is widespread in the foothills and mountainous regions of Eurasia, where species diversity is higher than in other regions, especially Iran-Turan, Central Asia and Afghanistan, where the Mediterranean is considered to be one of the centers of origin. The eastern part of the sea is recognized as the second center (Safikhani, 2017) [11]. In the flora of URSS the genus species [5] into 4 sections: Euscutellaria Brig., Cystaspis Juz., Anaspis (Roching) Juz., Apeltanthus (Nevsky) Juz. and 148 species belonging to the genus were recorded. There are 84 species of the genus in Central Asia (Abdullayeva, 1987) [4]. Of these, 32 species are in the flora of Uzbekistan (Vvedensky, 1961) [12] (as a result of field research and taxonomic changes in recent years, 40 species of the genus are distributed in the flora of Uzbekistan (http://www.floruz.uz/)) [13]. Moreover, 15 species of these are found in the Uzbek part of the Fergana Valley. Our field research, which has been carried out directly in compiling the list of species identified in the Fergana Valley, herbarium materials in large collections, G.A.Lazkov's monograph "Labitae in flora of Kyrgyzstan" (2016) [10] and T.Kh. Khudoyberdiyev (1995) research work "Gubotsvetniye v rastitelnom pokrove Ferganskoy dolini" served as an crucial source.
T.Kh. Khudoyberdiyev (1995) [14] in "Gubotsvetniye v rastitelnom pokrove  (Table 1). Significance: According to the literature, this species is not used in agriculture. According to the ethnobotanical data of our study areas, the above-ground parts collected during the flowering period of the species are said to be used as a tincture in the improvement of digestive and circulatory organs, in infirmity and anemia. In recent years, chemists working in our country have isolated new flavonoids, glycosides and aglycones in the species. The biological activity of these substances, such as paracetamol and heliotrin alkaloids, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, sedative, antihypertensive effect, as well as the technology of dyeing half-wool, wool, silk and other fabrics. (Karimov (2017) [2] and G.U. Siddikov (2018) [3]. With this in mind, the inventory of the species' natural resources is important for the conservation of the species's gene pool. Significance: Scutellaria iskanderi contains biologically active substances: tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, coumarins, proteins, macro-and microelements, a new antihypertensive and sedative phytopreparation based on plants, tortuosin-coumarin, is standardized as a tincture.
The only collected specimen of this species is kept in the found National Herbarium of Uzbekistan. In recent years, research in the valley has not collected specimens of this species.

Conclusions
The peculiarity of the study of the species distributed in the valley is that in re-