Feinberg-Horodecki exact momentum states of improved deformed exponential-type potential

We obtain the quantized momentum eigenvalues, Pn, and the momentum eigenstates for the space-like Schrodinger equation, the Feinberg-Horodecki equation, with the improved deformed exponential-type potential which is constructed by temporal counterpart of the spatial form of these potentials. We also plot the variations of the improved deformed exponential-type potential with its momentum eigenvalues for few quantized states against the screening parameter.


Introduction
In studying any physical problem in quantum mechanics we seek to find the solution of the resulting second-order differential equation. The time-dependent Schrödinger equation represents an example that describes quantum-mechanical phenomena, in which it dictates the dynamics of a quantum system. Solving this differential equation by means of any method results in the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of that Schrödinger quantum system. However, the solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation analytically is exact and limited to certain problems of spatial coordinate problems [1] [2] [3] [4]. The Feinberg-Horodecki (FH) equation is an equivalent time-momentum equation to the energy-spatial coordinate Schrodinger equation which was derived by Horodecki [5] from the time-dependent Wei-Hua oscillator and Manning-Rosen potentials by the Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method [10]. A simple form of a potential model [11] named Deng-Fan oscillator potential was introduced in 1957. This potential taking a general Morse potential mesa 1998 generalized has been studied for its energy spectrum and wave functions by [11] [12] [13] [14] and related to the Manning-Rosen potential [15] [16] which is also called Eckart potential by some authors [17] [18] [19] or anharmonic potential. This system is well-defined at boundaries where t = 0 and t = 1. The spatial-like Deng-Fan model is quantitatively very similar to Morse model with correct asymptotic behaviour when inter nuclear separation distance comes to zero [11] and correctly describes the spectrum of diatomic molecules and electromagnetic transition [20] [21] [22]. The FH equation is solved with the time-dependent Deng-Fan oscillator potential model to obtain the exact momentum states by means of the parametric NU method [23].
Recently, Altug and Sever have studied the FH equation with time-dependent Poschl-Teller potential and found its space-like coherent states [24]. We also studied the solutions of FH equation for time-dependent mass (TDM) harmonic oscillator quantum system. An appropriate interaction to time-dependent mass is chosen to obtain the correct spectrum of stationary energy. The related spectrum of Harmonic oscillator potential acting on the TDM stationary state energies is found [25]. The exact solutions of FH equation under time-dependent Tietz-Wei di-atomic molecular potential have been obtained. In particular, the quantized momentum eigenvalues and corresponding wave functions are found in framework of supersymmetric quantum mechanics [26]. The spectra of general molecular potential (GMP) are obtained using asymptotic iteration method within the framework of non-relativistic quantum mechanics. The vibrational partition function is calculated in closed form and used to obtain thermodynamic functions [27].
Recently, we solved the FH equation with the time-dependent Kratzer plus screened Coulomb potential [28]; we solved FH equation with the time-dependent screened Kratzer-Hellmann potential model [29], and very recently we a general time-dependent potential [30]. In each case, we obtained the approximated eigensolutions of momentum states and wave functions by means of the NU method. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics The motivation of this work is to apply the NU method [31] for the general molecular potential having a certain time-dependence. The momentum eigenvalues, P n , of the FH equation and the space-like coherent eigenvectors are obtained.
The rest of this work is organized as follows: the NU method is briefly introduced in Section 2. The exact solution of the FH equation for the time-dependent general molecular potential is solved to obtain its quantized momentum states and eigenfunctions in Section 3. We generate the solutions of a few special potentials mainly found from our general form solution in Section 4. Finally we present our discussions and conclusions.

Exact Solutions of the FH Equation for the Time-Dependent Improved Deformed Exponential-Type Potential
The Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method (see Appendix) will be used to find the exact solutions of FH equation for the improved deformed exponential-type (IDEP) which results in momentum eigenvalues and their eigenstates.
The time-dependent of the improved deformed exponential-type potential is given by [32] ( ) where 0 t and α are adjustable real potential parameters. q is a dimensionless parameter, e D is the dissociation energy and e t the equilibrium time point.
The IDEP is reduces to the improved Tietz potential if 2α is replaced by α and 0 2 e α − t q by h. If the IDEP potential is substituted in FH equation, one ob- (4) , β = e D L (5) , β = − n cP M (6) ( ) when these values are substituted in equation As mentioned in the NU method, the discriminant under the square root, in Equation (12), has to be zero, so that the expression of ( ) Π s becomes the square root of a polynomial of the first degree. This condition can be written as ( ) After solving this equation, we get ( ) ( ) Then, for our purpose we assume that ( ) Arranging this equation and solving it to get an expression for k which is given by the following, where the expression between the parentheses is given by (17) where the parameters in this equation must be selected to let R be real and the results have physical meanings. If we substitute − k into Equation (12) we get a possible expression for ( ) Π s , which is given by (18) Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics this solution satisfy the condition that the derivative of ( ) τ s is negative.
Therefore, the expression of ( ) τ s which satisfies these conditions can be written as ( ) and ( ) Now, from Equation (20) and Equation (21), we get the eigenvalues of the quantized momentum as ( ) where β , A and C are defined in Equation (4), Equation (7) and Equation (8) respectively.
Due to the NU method used in getting the eigenvalues, the polynomial solu- where n A is the normalization constant. Solving Equation (24) Substituting Equation (25) and Equation (26) (27) where n B is the normalization constant.

Numerical Results and Discussion
We compute the momentum eigenvalues of time dependent improved deformed exponential-type potential for some diatomic molecules like CO, N 2 , H 2 and LiH.
This was done using the spectroscopic parameters displayed in Table 1. Figure 1 shows the variation of the time-dependent improved deformed exponential-type potential (IDEP) well for four different diatomic molecules at small times. Hence, this potential well changes from 20 eV to nearly 5 eV for the diatomic molecules H 2 and LiH whereas it changes from 50 eV to 5 eV for N 2 diatomic molecule. However, CO diatomic molecule has a unique behavior; it varies from 5 eV to 10 eV. In Figure 2, we examined the variation of the quantized momentum states P n of IDEP against the screening parameter q for various diatomic molecules. It is seen that the momentum of the present potential model decreases monotonically from zero, for H 2 , N 2 and LiH whereas for CO it shows different behavior as it decreases from −20 eV/c, against the screening parameter q for various values of states, n. Figure 3 shows the variation of P n in the field of IDEP against the exponential parameter α for various diatomic molecules. The diatomic molecules exhibit different features; for various values of n. It is obvious from figure that P n increases monotonically with increasing α for CO  Figure 1. Improved deformed exponential-type potential (IDEP) for diatomic molecules.
The parameters used are presented in Table 1 Table 1. and N 2 when particle is subjected to the aforementioned system. The reverse case happens with H 2 and LiH diatomic molecules where n P decreases monotonically from a value close to zero with increasing α .
Finally, Figure 4 shows the behavior of P n against state n for various diatomic molecules subjected to the field of IDEP with various values of α . It is seen that P n for H 2 and LiH decreases monotonically from zero with increasing n. However, in the case of CO and N 2 diatomic molecules, it is seen that P n decreases slightly linearly with increasing n.

Conclusion
We solved the Feinberg-Horodecki (FH) equation for the time-dependent improved deformed exponential-type potential via Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method. We got the exact quantized momentum eigenvalues solution of the FH equation. It is therefore, worth mentioning that the method is elegant and powerful. Our results can be applied in biophysics and other branches of physics. We find that our analytical results are in good agreement with other findings in literature. We have shown the behaviors of the improved deformed exponential-type potential Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics  Table 1.
against screening parameters. Further, taking spectroscopic values for the potential parameters, we plotted the quantized momentum of few states against the screening parameter for diatomic molecules. Our results are good agreements with the energy bound states.