SARS-Cov-2 Delayed Tokyo 2020 Olympics: Very Recent Advances in COVID-19 Detection, Treatment, and Vaccine Development Useful Conducting the Games in 2021

The novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) delayed the Tokyo 2020 Games. The traveling by air, rail, road, and sea inside and outside the countries has stopped to contain the virus. The amount of money lost and assistance needed to re-schedule and conduct the Games in 2021 have been estimated. With more than one billion population is under the semi-locked down and movement of people is restricted, athletes cannot prepare at home and participate in the Games. The COVID-19 outbreak has spread around the world; it has already infected 5.7 million people and caused 355,000 deaths reported on May 28, 2020 and the figures increasing every day. The publication of this article is important as the postponement of the Olympics has costed Japan $6 billion and the organizers have worked very hard for seven years. If the Games are conducted in 2021, it will be the—beginning of the world recovery—from big COVID-19 pandemic. In this communication, the development in testing, treatment, and vaccine preparation for SARS-Cov-2 have occurred so far in different countries and companies have been discussed to know the possibilities if the pandemic can be overcome and the Games can be conducted in 2021.


Introduction
SARS-Cov-2, a novel coronavirus was first reported in Wuhan city in Hubei province, China in December 2019. The pandemic has claimed 355,000 lives while 5.7 million people infected till May 28, 2020 and over one billion people movement is restricted. Olympics are the biggest international multi-sport event in the world. There is a chance for Japan by hosting the Tokyo 2020 Olympics to show the world that it has overcome the triple disaster occurred in 2011. The delay in the Games for 2021 has costed Japan $6 billion already. It took seven long years of hard work to prepare for the Games. Rescheduling the Olympics, however, is a challenging task as hotels, venues, and Olympics tickets cancellation and re-booking are difficult. Leaving behind the sad memories of 2011 great earthquake, tsunami, and melting down of Fukushima nuclear reactor occurred in Japan, now a new pandemic crisis of COVID-19 has become a bigger challenge not only for Japan but also for the entire world community. Such a crisis has never seen before in human history. Until a proper vaccine is developed, it will not be possible to conduct the Tokyo 2020 Olympics in 2021 from the health concern of players, organizers, participants, and hosting country Japan's population. Therefore is this article, we have described the infectious aspect of the COVID-19 SARS-Cov-2 virus, testing, treatment, and the progress made so far in developing a proper vaccine.

Sporting, Financial, and Management and Administrative
Aspect of the Olympics Tokyo 2020 For Tokyo 2020 Games, in the last one year, 4.47 million tickets were sold [1]. More than 11,000 athletes were expected to participate with 90,000 volunteers and hundreds of thousands of officials and spectators were to attend the events from all over the world. On March 24, 2020, Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach agreed [2] to postpone the Tokyo 2020 Games by a year to protect the athletes and spectator and organizers from SARS-Cov-2 pandemic. The IOC President Thomas Bach said the postponement was about protecting human life. The conversation rescheduled to a date beyond 2020 but not later than summer 2021-occurred between IOC president Thomas Bach and Prime Minister Abe. Tokyo 2020 Olympics now will be conducted [3] from July 23 to August 8 in 2021 as announced by the Chief of Tokyo 2020 organizing committee Toshiro Muto in a meeting.
The stage was set to postpone the 2020 Olympics when US President Trump announced [4] in-person cancellation G7 meeting (June 2020) at Camp David over the novel coronavirus spread. The announcement was made by the White House on 19 th March 2020. The G7 will be conducted via videoconference as countries have sealed the borders and put travel ban to contain the SARS-Cov-2 virus.
The suggestions to postpone the Games came from participating countries where local preparations for athletes could not be conducted due to a virus outbreak which could expose the athletes and spread the disease. The delay also became imminent as the domestic and international travel by road, rail, air, and sea was severely limited. With 1.7 billion people movement is restricted, to stop the spread of virus, across the globe, the IOC was under the pressure to postpone the Game which was to start from July 24. Initially, Canada and Australia announced the withdrawal of their participation later the United States, and many more joined the countries who proposed the postponement. The postponement of the Games became unavoidable as the Japanese health Officials feared [5] the virus will multiply in Olympics' gathering at home and around the world. In Japan, large sports and cultural gatherings have been postponed or canceled. The Schools have been closed already.
Athletes have mixed feelings. They should think positively, reset their mind, and prepare for the 2021 Olympics as Yasuhiro Yamashita the President of the Japanese Olympic Committee advised the athletes. Some athletes like 30 years old Akiko Noguchi who has won a berth in 2020 Olympics was very positive for the unfortunate delay in the Games. According to him, athletes' career has been extended due to the delay. Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe was, however, initially reluctant to scale back or organize the 2020 Olympics without the crowd.
Prime Minister Abe wanted to keep the Olympics' schedule as well as athletes' and spectators' safety and security from the virus was the reason of initial reluctance to postpone the Games and later agreed for the delay till 2021 of the Games on Tuesday (24 th March 2020) as other major international and Japan's sporting events either canceled or postponed.
Tokyo 2020 Olympics is the most high profile event affected by the novel coronavirus SARS-Cov-2. In peacetime, it has been the first time that any Olympics event has been postponed. The move is an overwhelming blow for the Tokyo city which is known for its well-known and proven organization skill as all the venues and preparations were done much ahead the time and tickets were overbooked. It will be difficult to fix a new date in 2021 for Tokyo Olympics which may not suit many participating countries and athletes as all the sports will face challenges on a new date. For example, the 2021 World Athletics Championships are in August 2021 in Eugene, USA.
Japan has framed Tokyo 2020 as the-Recovery Games-: a chance to show the world it has bounced back from the triple disaster in 2011 when a massive earthquake sparked a tsunami and the Fukushima nuclear meltdown. The purpose of hosting the Tokyo 2020 Olympics is to show the world that Japan has overcome the 2011 disaster. The delay in the Games is a bit disappointing but when conducted it will give a positive hope and proof that Japan can come out from such natural disasters. The 2021 delayed Games when conducted will be the new start and that will light Flame of Hope and the Flame of Revival from 2011 Japan disaster and now a bigger pandemic "novel coronavirus SARS-Cov-2" outbreaks.
The spending estimate for hosting the Game was $12.6 billion [6] and experts in Tokyo have the opinion the delay will cost $6 billion [7] from foreign tourists and advertising revenue loss. There is also complexity for organizers in shifting the Games. If the venues will be available and hotel facilities will be cancelled and rebooked, apart from the loss of the revenue and security arrangements and tickets cancellation and re-ticketing. Japan has been preparing for the last seven years to organize the world's biggest events, the Olympics. Moreover, in 2021 Japan's domestic sporting calendar is already crowded with swimming and athletics events separately. Similarly, other world events will also be needed to be rescheduled for the delay in the 2020 Olympics to 2021 over coronavirus. The FINA (Fédération internationale de natation) international swimming federation world championship is scheduled for July 16 till August 1 in 2021 in the city of Fukuoka (Japan) which will overlap with postponed 2020 Olympics. The organizing committee of the Olympics has decided [1] that the ticket bought for the postponed Games will remain valid for the delayed events and refund of purchased tickets will be possible thus the planned participants will not lose their money. Till the delay of the Olympics was announced for the Olympics and Paralympics a total of 5.44 million tickets were sold and they are good for delayed 2021 Olympics or refund and resale are also possible.
We hope the current locked down of billions of people around the globe due to SARS-Cov-2 will open and travelling by air, rail, road, and sea will become normal in the coming months leading to normal business, education, and sports activities inside and outside the countries. The world community will overcome the new coronavirus earliest in the coming months if not in weeks and the Tokyo 2020 Olympics will be successfully conducted in 2021 which will prove a farewell to the unprecedented disaster novel coronavirus has caused in the human history. The success of the Tokyo 2020 Games in 2021 will prove an opportunity to revive the global economy from the unavoidable great global economic recession which is well due in the aftermath of coronavirus. Japan will be seen as a "world leader" in overcoming the novel coronavirus disaster. The world will see a-new start-and-flame of hope-with the Tokyo 2020 Olympics flame lightning in 2021.
Conducting the Tokyo 2020 Olympics in 2021 will be difficult until a vaccine is developed from the health viewpoint of athletes, participants, and organizers.
Such opinion was expressed [8] by the Japan Medical Association (JMA) President Yoshitake Yokokura. Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe also has concerns about next year's Olympics saying it will not be possible to conduct the Games until SARS-Cov-2 is contained [9]. Yoshiro Mori the Tokyo 2020 President said the Games will be cancelled if could not be conducted in summer 2021 [10]. IOC President Thomas Bach announced $800 million for loans and payments to make up the loss resulted from the pandemic that caused the postponement of Tokyo 2020 Games [11].

Infectious Aspect of the SARS-Cov-2
Covid-19 spreads by the human to human transmission, inhaling contaminated air, and touching surfaces. When a SARS-Cov-2 carrier expels virus particles droplets when sneezing or coughing, a healthy population in the vicinity exposed to the virus and in breathing particles gets sucked in the lungs or stick to the nasal mucus. Though to infect a person sneezing or coughing is always not necessary, the asymptomatic or person having symptoms can infect a person by breathing or talking also. The virus comes out from a carrier person and attached to a dust particle in the atmosphere and remained suspended in air can infect a person at any distance depending on the weather and the air movement or moisture.

Recent Advances in SARS-Cov-2 Testing
The most commonly used SARS-Cov-2 virus test done until now is by collecting mucus from deep inside the nose by a swab which is painful and difficult also poses a risk of infection in the surroundings and medical staff. In Japan, a new PCR saliva test has been approved [13] which is safer for the medical staff and not painful for the sample donors who just have to give saliva in a tube or con-

Recent Advances in SARS-Cov-2 Treatment
A potential Japanese anti-flu Avigan drug is being considered for SARS-Cov-2 virus treatment and encouraging results are expected. The Fujifilm Holdings Corp., the maker of the Avigan drug, has increased [20] the drug's manufacturing capacity substantially enough up to one hundred thousand treatment doses. The production will be further increased up to three hundred thousand doses till September 2020. The Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Co. located in Japan will provide the necessary raw materials needed to produce the drug Avigan.

Advances in SARS-Cov-2 Vaccine Development
Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced [25] $300 million for the vaccine to developing countries. Japan will also extend financial support to Gavi, an international Vaccine Alliance for 2021 to 2026 for five years. To Gavi Vaccine Alliance, Japan gave already $95 million for the period 2016-2020. Japan will also give access to the vaccine developed by Japan in future. The total amount of $8.8 billion stands available for the vaccine program to the poor countries. Pharma companies around the globe are working overtime to develop vaccines and treatments [26] for SARS-Cov-2 which has destroyed the world's economy and causing a large number of deaths and new cases of virus detected every day. The USA planned [27] to develop a safe and effective vaccine in the year 2020. At least six possible successful vaccines are underway for trial. More than one hundred thousand volunteers and leading researchers will participate in the project. The purpose of the project is to shorten the vaccine development time to a few months instead of ten years, a vaccine usually needs to prepare. The pandemic has destroyed the world economy and serval million people infected and hundreds of thousand people are dead. The vaccine preparation companies have agreed to share their data and related infrastructures and facilities.  [29] to introduce the SARS-Cov-2 vaccine first to health care workers by the beginning of January 2021 and then to the general public in September 2021. Protein antigen based vaccine using insect's cells has been planned.

Other Measures and Means
By and large, travelers are afraid of coronavirus to use domestic and international flights as the passengers are confined in a narrow isolated space when in air. Japanese airlines are making efforts [30] to stop the virus spread so that passengers feel safe when getting onboard. Planes are being disinfected regularly and properly and the air inside the cabin is changed every three minutes. Boarding and luggage handling have been digitized to avoid human contact and personal sanitizers are being used to stop virus transmission. The use of masks has been made compulsory and inflight services have been reduced. At the press conference [31] of Gunma's Governor Ichita Yamamoto, in Japan, the sign language assistant wore a transparent mask to keep her lips and jaws movement clear for hearing impaired people. The people, who cannot hear, can get information about COVID-19 in sign language through the movement of mouth and jaws and facial expressions apart from hands' movement. If sign language is not used the hearing impaired people need someone to write for them that takes time. Transparent masks are prepared from transparent plastic that makes face clear. Transparent plastic is covered with antifogging film. An alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverage industry, the Global leader Suntory Group has put much global efforts to fight novel coronavirus as they are supplying materials used in making hand sanitizers [32] Suntory Holdings supplying nationwide neutral alcohol used as a liquid disinfectant in hospitals and hand sanitizers. Another Suntory group brand the Beam Suntory has head office in Chicago, USA, also a global leader supplying premium spirits supplying hand sanitizers produced in Clermont in Kentucky, USA.

Conclusion
In the year 2020, the Tokyo 2020 Olympics could be a big event. It was a chance for Japan to show the world that it has overcome the 2011 triple disaster of the great northeast Japan earthquake followed by a tsunami and Fukushima nuclear reactor meltdown. The COVID-19 pandemic led to the postponement of the Games until 2021. We have described the sporting, financial, management, and administrative aspects of the delayed Games. In the hope that Tokyo 2020 Olympics will be conducted in 2021, the infection, and the recent updates of testing the SARS-Cov-2 virus, treatment, and possibilities of availability of a proper vaccine have been described to prepare the athletes, organizers, and participants of the Games. If a proper vaccine is available and Games are conducted in 2021 then it will be a New Start and Flame of Hope for the world to end COVID-19 crises.