Analysis of the State of Woody Plants in the City of Nukus (Streets of Ernazar Alakoz)

This article observed seven species of Fraxinus excelsior L., Fraxinus pensylvanica March., Salix alba L., Populus alba L., Juniperus communis L., Catalpa bignonioides Walt., Ulmus densa Litv for seasonal growth. The Republic of Karakalpakstan is located in the North-West of Uzbekistan, covers 166,600 km 2 (28%), and is the largest in terms of territory by region. The study of woody plants in the flora of Karakalpakstan is an important aspect of the convention on biological diversity. The species composition of the natural flora of Karakalpakstan is quite poor in ornamental plants, especially ever-greens, suitable for gardening. At the same time, the biodiversity of these plants in Nukus and the factors contributing to them were analyzed. Relev-ance of the study: Creating an environmentally friendly environment in cities is possible by optimizing intra-urban tree plantations that perform form-ing, improving and regulating functions in the environment. The effective-ness of green spaces mainly depends on the range of trees and shrubs and their correct use in accordance with biological characteristics, environmental requirements and decorative qualities. The degree of impact of plantings on the environment also depends on the type, age and physiological characteristics of plants [1]. Woody plants, unlike hardwoods, enrich and purify the air throughout the year and can be used for single and group planting when creating hedges and borders, as well as green gardens. All year round, they enrich the air with oxygen, absorb street noises, and lower the air temperature. gard, green plants only with proper planning, selection of assortment, suffi-cient quantity and good care ensure the improvement of the ecological state of the city. For scientifically based gardening, it is necessary to have objective ideas not only about the quantity and quality of existing plantings, but also to know the ecological and physiological state of each species, which allows us to assess the role of plants in improving the quality of the environment [4]. The sharply continental climate, aridity of the territory, increased wind activity and salinity of the soil contribute to the aggravation of environmental problems in the cities of the southern Aral sea region. The deteriorating environmental situation in Nukus requires the development of a specific gardening strategy aimed at creating sustainable urban plantings of various types. In this regard, we conduct research on the biological characteristics of ornamental woody plants in urban conditions. The range of tree and shrub species used in the landscaping of the city of Nukus remains quite poor today [5]. The predominant tree species are P. alba L., P. nigra L., P. diversifolia L., F. excelsior L., F. pensylvanica Marsh., Fraxinus potamaphylla Herd, S. excels S. Gmel, S. babylonica L., S. alba L., Juniperus communis L. In the landscaping of Nukus, introduced plants are also used, which have adapted to local conditions, although they are damaged by frosts. These include C. bignonioides Walt, Ulmus pumila L., F. pensylvanica Marsh.

public of Karakalpakstan is located in the North-West of Uzbekistan, covers 166,600 km 2 (28%), and is the largest in terms of territory by region. The study of woody plants in the flora of Karakalpakstan is an important aspect of the convention on biological diversity. The species composition of the natural flora of Karakalpakstan is quite poor in ornamental plants, especially evergreens, suitable for gardening. At the same time, the biodiversity of these plants in Nukus and the factors contributing to them were analyzed. Relevance of the study: Creating an environmentally friendly environment in cities is possible by optimizing intra-urban tree plantations that perform forming, improving and regulating functions in the environment. The effectiveness of green spaces mainly depends on the range of trees and shrubs and their correct use in accordance with biological characteristics, environmental requirements and decorative qualities. The degree of impact of plantings on the environment also depends on the type, age and physiological characteristics of plants [1]. Woody plants, unlike hardwoods, enrich and purify the air throughout the year and can be used for single and group planting when creating hedges and borders, as well as green gardens. All year round, they enrich the air with oxygen, absorb street noises, and lower the air temperature. However, the conservation of flora is necessary not only for individual components, but also for the entire population diversity. Salinized land, unfavorable climate and other environmental factors are among the obstacles or restrictions to the introduction of new species of trees and shrubs, especially evergreen ones, in arid areas [2] [3]. The urban environment differs from the natural environment in terms of the degree of illumination, the amount of solar radiation, air temperature and humidity, soil properties, etc. In this re-gard, green plants only with proper planning, selection of assortment, sufficient quantity and good care ensure the improvement of the ecological state of the city. For scientifically based gardening, it is necessary to have objective ideas not only about the quantity and quality of existing plantings, but also to know the ecological and physiological state of each species, which allows us to assess the role of plants in improving the quality of the environment [4]. The sharply continental climate, aridity of the territory, increased wind activity and salinity of the soil contribute to the aggravation of environmental problems in the cities of the southern Aral sea region. The deteriorating environmental situation in Nukus requires the development of a specific gardening strategy aimed at creating sustainable urban plantings of various types. In this regard, we conduct research on the biological characteristics of ornamental woody plants in urban conditions. The range of tree and shrub species used in the landscaping of the city of Nukus remains quite poor today [5]. The predominant tree species are P. alba L., P. nigra L., P. diversifolia L., F. excelsior L., F. pensylvanica Marsh., Fraxinus potamaphylla Herd, S. excels S. Gmel, S. babylonica L., S. alba L., Juniperus communis L. In the landscaping of Nukus, introduced plants are also used, which have adapted to local condi-

Introduction
Currently, one of the most pressing issues in the field of biology is the study of Decorative properties of a particular plant species allow you to diversify a certain territory. Various types of ornamental plants, performing a specific role in the construction of the composition, can also significantly affect the state of en-vironmental sustainability of the environment when placed rationally [6].
According to the results of our research, 7 plant species were recorded in the flora of the studied cities, and their quantity is 243 (total number pc.). This is 1/3 of the total number of plant species distributed in the city of Nukus. From this point of view, it can be seen that plant species that are common in urban areas are almost identical in their richness compared to plant species that are common in natural conditions and are not significantly poorer.

Materials and Methods
The Objects of research are tree plantations in Nukus (on the streets of Ernazar Alakuz). The objects of research were selected woody plants adults who entered fruiting (seeding in coniferous trees). The observations were carried out in 2017-2018 years. When selecting an assortment for gardening, it is necessary to assess the viability of the species, that is, its ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions (frost, drought, lack of moisture and light, etc.).
The phenological observation of I. N. Beydeman "Method of studying plant phenologies" [7], the assessment of the features of the landscape of N. I. Shtonda was made on the basis of the method.

Results and Discussion
When studying the growth of woody plants, shoots were selected first of all the most richly represented genera. Seven species of Fraxinus excelsior L., Fraxinus pensylvanica March., Salix alba L., Populus alba L., Juniperus communis L., Catalpa bignonioides Walt., Ulmus densa Litv. were studied for seasonal growth ( Table 1).
The Cupressaceae family contains 2 genera. Of these, Juniperus L. genera are distributed in 5 species in Uzbekistan [8]. In the city of Nukus (streets of Ernazar Alakoz) grows 1 species. General distribution of Central Asia [8].
In this table we see that the genus Fraxinus L. is common in the city of Nukus (streets of Ernazar Alakoz). 2 species of category. F. excelsior L., F. pensylvanica March., their total number is 87 pc. (according to data for 2017-2018), as you know, Nukus (streets of Ernazar Alakuz) is one of the most common categories in the city and makes up 35.79% of the total number. One of the most common categories is Populus L. in the city of Nukus (streets of Ernazar Alakoz) there is 1 species of the category P. alba L. Its total population is 85 thousand individuals. Total-35%. J. communis L., U. densa Litv. this category of species is also widespread. Salix alba L., Catalpa bignonioides Walt. moreover, the species is not widespread, so the biological diversity of urban flora depends primarily on the diversity of biotopes in the urban area and the demand for various environmental conditions that cause them, on the anthropogenic-tolerant characteristics of plant species.

Conclusions
As a result of surveys conducted in 2017-2018 years of green spaces in the city of Nukus (streets of Ernazar Alakuz), it was found that they contain 7 species and forms of ornamental plants belonging to 5 families from various floral areas. The most diverse families are: Salicacaeae Lindl., Oleaceae Lindl., Cupressaceae F. M., Bignoniaceae, Ulmaceae Mirb. Relatively widely used 6 species of woody plants, the rest of the species are represented by a small number (single specimens).
Dendrology urban green spaces in the city of Nukus (streets of Ernazar Alakuz) according to their geographical origin are heterogeneous. According to the analysis, woody plants of the Central Asian flora predominate. Among the introduced plants, species from the European-Caucasian dendroflora predominate.
A comparative study of plant growth and development has shown that the adaptation of plants to drought and soil salinity, as well as to other adverse factors of the urban environment is manifested in the habits, growth suppression, reduction of plant height, changes in physiological and biochemical processes, etc.

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.