Distribution and Current State of Rare and Endangered Tulips (Liliaceae) Arid Zones of Uzbekistan

Central Asia is considered to be the primary center 
of origin and diversity for the genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae). The 
article considers the species of rare and endemic Tulipa L. species in the arid regions of Uzbekistan. There 
are nine registered species of the genus Tulipa. In the course of the study, the demographic 
indicators of the modern population of 39 populations were evaluated. 39 populations of the studied species were 
identified, most of which grow in the composition of the wormwood formations 
characteristic of the Turanian floristic province.


Introduction
The unique plant riches of our country require attentive and careful treatment.
Due to the strengthening human press on the environment many became rare, areas and numbers of their populations decrease natural renewal is violated. It especially concerns beautifully flowering species, which suffer not only from pasture, haymaking, economic assimilation of lands, but also from collection for the bouquets, and often bulbs, for sale, by people.
The genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) has at least 87 species. These are divided into four subgenera, Tulipa, Clusianae (Baker) Zonn., Eriostemones (Boiss.) van tain ranges in Central Asia are believed to be the primary gene centers for the species [4] [5], with the Caucasus as a secondary centre. Most species have the same basic chromosome number, 2n = 2x = 24. However, the somatic DNA 2C value is shown to range from 32 to 69 picograms for the diploids [1]. They are popular spring-flowering garden plants, millions of bulbs are sold annually and over 5000 cultivars have been registered [6]. Tulipa L. genus is represented by 63 species in Central Asia [7]. From the 63 species in Uzbekistan 34 are grown, Kazakhstan-37, Kyrgyzstan-22, Tajikistan-24, and in Turkmenistan- 16   T. buhseana was included in the previous editions of the Red Data Book of Uzbekistan (1998Uzbekistan ( , 2006. At present, according to progressive status of populations and for lack of threats of disappearance, this species was excluded from the Red Data Book [12].
T. sogdiana was included in previous editions of the Red Data Book of Uzbekistan (1984Uzbekistan ( , 1998Uzbekistan ( , 2006. At present, according to the progressive status of populations and for lack of threats of disappearance, this species was excluded from the Red Data Book [12].
T. turkestanica was included in previous editions of the Red Data Book of Uzbekistan (1984Uzbekistan ( , 1998Uzbekistan ( , 2006. At present, according to the progressive status of populations and for lack of threats of disappearance, this species was excluded from the Red Data Book [12].

Purpose of the Study
Evaluating the modern status of rare genus of Tulipa L. species, spread in arid regions of Uzbekistan.

Materials and Methods
Our field researches were conducted in 2012-2020 on the arid zones of Uzbekistan. These studies were carried out using geobotanical and population methods.

Result and Discussion
During the study, the demographic characteristics of genus of Tulipa L.  Borszchow. It was believed that it is so rare in Uzbekistan that in some sources it is cited as endemic to Kazakhstan [15]. During the study, the density of populations in the arid regions of Uzbekistan has been studied. It should be noted that the species of Tulipa L. species is currently decreasing dramatically. This is due to regular livestock feed and geological prospecting. Species density and area were determined based on generally accepted geobotanical and population methods. These methods help in conducting several years of monitoring of the species. Their level of reliability will be high [11].
T. borszczowii and T. lehmanana species are spread in deserts of Uzbekistan. The high density of densities was found to be high in these species. That is, T. borszczowii showed that the figure was 2.85 -17.7 per 1 m 2 , and T. lehmanniana

Conclusions
The species is able to successfully maintain its abundance in the prevailing environmental conditions under certain types of permanent effects on their habitat.
Population size in the study area is sharply decreasing everywhere. These species are unstable when grazing, recreational load, mowing, gathering on bouquets.
They can be preserved in natural places of growth in specially protected natural areas (reserves, botanical reserves and natural monuments). For each specific population of plants, specific measures should be developed considering their ecological and biological features.
All the species studied are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan [12]. However just registering species on the page of the Red Book is not yet a guarantee of preserving its genetic fund in full. Special legislative acts and effective control of their execution are necessary. Only the involvement of all citizens of the Republic in the cause of protection of nature and its flora can allow achieving desired results. Only in this way the live nature can be saved for the next generations.