Progress and Prospect of Research on University-Industry Cooperation: From the Perspective of Researchers

By reviewing the research literature on the interaction of production, study and research, this paper discusses the current research situation of the interaction of production, study and research, especially the research of the research center of the university researchers. Pass summarizing the methods, achievements and shortcomings of the current research, it is pointed out that there are few researches related to the interactive form of human mobility, and that the impact of university-industry cooperation on the academic and innovative performance of researchers has different conclusions in academia. Finally, the direction of follow-up research is put forward.


Introduction
University-industry cooperation is the main way to transfer scientific and technological achievements, and it is an important part of the national innovation system. The Chinese government has always attached great importance to university-industry cooperation, especially since implemented the national innovation-driven development strategy, the deep integration of production and research has been mentioned to a new height. The government, universities and enterprises all hope to build the institutional mechanism of the deep integration of production and research, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and realize the development of innovation-driven. With the help of practice, the academic community actively responds to study the new problems and challenges facing the field in-depth, however, the premise of the in-depth study is to make a deeper understanding and summary of the research already in the field. University researchers are the bearers of the cooperative projects of production and research. Meanwhile, how to promote the participation of university researchers in the cooperative project, and how to balance the transformation of academic research and innovation achievements of scientific research personnel, in that due to fully stimulate the innovation ability of university researchers, is the focus of the government's industrial-academic policy.
In this context, it is greatly practical and theoretical significance to summarize and evaluate the university-industry cooperation research of domestic and foreign, and to analyze the literature with university researchers as the research object for the follow-up research.

Research Methodology
In order to fully understand the current research status and development dynamics in the field of internationalization of research and development, this study uses a systematic literature review to comb the relevant research literature at home and abroad. The systematic literature review method originated from the medical discipline, the main purpose is to use systematic, transparent and repeatable process to synthesize the existing literature, in order to reduce the potential deviation to improve the quality of literature review. In recent years, systematic literature review methods have been increasingly applied to different research areas of management, such as the university-industry cooperation. The systematic literature review method used in this study mainly includes the following 6 steps: 1) defining the research problem; 2) defining the scope of the literature; 3) retrieving the literature database; 4) screening the relevant literature; 5) comprehensive analysis of the literature; and 6) presenting the results of the literature review.
First of all, starting from the core issues mentioned in the previous article, the main research objective of this study is 1-Explore the influence factors of scientific research personnel' participation in the university-industry cooperation.
2-The impact of the university-industry cooperation on the academic and innovative performance of scientific researchers. Based on this, this study defines the following document inclusion/exclusion rules to determine the scope of the literature to be retrieved: 1) Contains articles related to the university-industry cooperation, collect literature from the individual level of scientific researchers, and exclude the research samples from articles for enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions. 2) Contains literature in important international and Chinese academic journals. 3) In order to prevent omission, generally reading of all literature in academic journals published in the context of the issue for nearly 10 years. literature that has been initially defined, the study uses the corresponding Chinese and English keywords to search the two databases, and further uses the inclusion/exclusion rules to screen the retrieved documents in order to construct the final collection of literature samples for analysis.

Data Sources
Search 3628 articles on the theme of school-enterprise cooperation in web of science, obtain more than 2000 articles through the screening of the field of research, and then select the literature to carry out the research on the university-industry cooperation at the individual level by reading the title, keywords and abstracts, and remove the research at the enterprise level, focusing on the researchers' cooperation in university-industry cooperation. In order to avoid omission, the two journals with the largest number of papers on the topic, Research Policy, Journal of Technology Transfer, published in 2000-2019, read the relevant literature one by one, and through the above steps, 83 related documents published from 2000 to 2019 included 3 reviews of literature, and read these documents. Using a similar method, the study used the keyword "university-industry cooperation" to retrieve CSSCI source journals in CNKI data and obtained 2535 records. Similarly, by reading topics, keywords and abstracts on a case-by-case basis, applying inclusion/exclusion rules screening, 24 Chinese literatures are entered into the analysis sample set. The study also used "Enterprise Science and Technology Commissioner" as the keyword to search the CSSCI source journal in CNKI data, and found a total of 41 articles. Excluding the literature of the research sample as the agricultural science and technology commissioner, a total of 13 documents were obtained with the enterprise science and technology commissioner as the research subject. Finally, we obtained 107 literatures concerned about the personal level in the field of production, and 13 literatures research on the policy of enterprise science and technology commissioners, and incorporated these documents into the descriptive analysis.  From the data sources of international papers, such as Table 3, the literature    Therefore, the research on this topic in the Chinese situation is currently in a blank international situation, and the study of UIC from the individual-level of scientific researchers in the Chinese situation is an urgent topic in the world, which is of great theoretical significance.

Analysis of Literature Description
Through the careful reading of these 107 (3 reviews) of the literature, it is found that the research generally explores the former and consequences of scientific researchers' participation in the interaction of industry and research: First, to make the influence factors to participate in UIC，The second is the impact on researchers involved in the UIC. This paper distinguishes the literature into these two topics, although 3 (0.03%) Chinese CSSCI explores other topics. After that, these research topics, literature data types, research methods are descriptive analysis.
First, from the number of documents such as       searchers. Therefore, this paper will elaborate on the current research situation from three aspects: the related concepts, the motivation, the influencing factors and the influence of the UIC.

The Influence Factors of UIC
Boardman and Ponomariov suggest that the differences in individual researchers directly affect their participation in UIC (Boardman & Ponomariov, 2009).

Individual Characteristics
From the perspective of individual factors, the first view of the effect of age on participation in UIC is basically the same, when the evaluation of the academic title, the study found that the older scholars are more inclined to participate in the UIC (Boardman & Ponomariov, 2009

Organizational Factors
The study points out that the academic quality, organizational structure, age and peer effect of academic research institutions will affect the interaction of scien-

Institutional Factors
From the institutional factors, scholars on the influence of scholars on the field of research, and early research found that the subject areas are related to the participation of researchers in UIC. In the study, Bekkers and Freitas and Martinelli found that scholars in applied research fields were more likely to participate in the interaction of industry, such as engineering (Bekkers & Freitas, 2008;Martinelli, Meyer, & Von Tunzelmann, 2008), with different degrees of UIC between researchers in different disciplines and fields of research. Disciplines influence the choice of channels for researchers to interact with their research and development. The study by Bekkers and Freitas found that the most important interactive channels in the field of bioengineering and chemical engineering are pa-J. W. He tent applications, patent licensing and contract research, and patent licensing channels are the most important in the field of materials science, but patent behavior is not commonly used in the field of computer science, and in the field of social science, the most common forms of interaction between researchers and enterprises in research and research institutions are the movement of people (Bekkers & Freitas, 2008).

Impact on the Output of Academic Papers
The influence of participating in the interaction of production, learning and research on the academic research and the output of scientific has always been the focus of academic attention. Some studies show that the UIC is a channel of two-way knowledge flow between academia and industry. On the one hand, the scientific knowledge of scientific researchers can promote technological innovation in enterprises, on the other hand, the practical experience and problems of enterprises can bring new ideas and directions to scientific research, thus improving the performance of academic output (Chen & Zhu, 2014). Furthermore, cooperation with enterprises can also enable researchers to obtain additional financial support and complementary resources such as experimental equipment (Diao, Zhu, & Xu, 2011), and improve the quantity and quality of the results of the paper (Hottenrott & Lawson, 2017).
However, another part of the view that participation in the UIC will reduce the input of scientific research, will distract researchers' time and energy, change the direction of research, limit the academic freedom of researchers, there is a "crowding out effect", the academic output of scholars is not conducive (Thursby & Thursby, 2011), scholars first worried that the work of research and research cooperation will distract scholars' energy (Thursby & Thursby, 2007).
Fbrizio & Di Minin and Lowe & Gonzalez believed that the participation of researchers in patent and commercial activities will distract researchers from the resources and attention of scientific research (Fabrizio & Di Minin, 2008;Lowe & Claudia, 2007), as the time and research resources of researchers are limited, and the participation of the market will transform the research of researchers from basic to application (Forida & Cohen, 1999).

Impact on the Output of Patent
Interaction with enterprises enables researchers to better understand market demands and technological opportunities, and to enhance their propensity and capabilities for innovation and development (Bikard, Vakili, & Teodoridis, 2019 (Bikard, Vakili, & Teodoridis, 2019). In this way, the two parties will be more inclined to choose the "back door" path that excludes academic institutions from patent ownership (Goel & Goktepe-Hulten, 2018), or "informal" paths such as individual consulting agreements, to transfer innovations developed by enterprises (and even some by researchers) (Halilem, Amara, & Olmos-Penuela et al., 2017).

Summary of the Current Situation of Research
The following conclusions are found through a systematic review of the literature satouts of research related to the cooperation between industry, science and research.
1) This study finds that the current research direction on this topic is divided into two aspects: first, the impact factors of researchers' participation in UIC; Second, the impact of UIC on the performance of scientific researchers. Most of these literatures pay attention to the research of the influence factors of industrial, academic and research cooperation, only a few literature research from the perspective of the impact of UIC on scientific researchers, and some conclusions are more controversial: on the one hand, the UIC will harm the academic and innovative performance of scientific researchers, on the other hand, The UIC will promote the academic and innovative performance of scientific researchers.
2) Scholars generally examine the forms of cooperation in production, research and research, such as joint patent applications and contract research, and because of the limitation of data, no research has been found on the relationship between the University-Industry Mobility and the performance of scholars.
Compared with the interactive forms of joint patent application, cooperative research, consulting and so on, the University-Industry Mobility has special purposes, organizational mechanisms and procedures, so that researchers cross the boundary of production and knowledge, organizational boundaries and geographical areas, and go deep into the first line of enterprise technology research and development site, which will bring about differential impact.
3) In previous studies on the interaction between industry and research and J. W. He tive performance of researchers; 3) The differences in the impact of different individual characteristics, organizational characteristics and institutional characteristics.

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.